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題名 總體經濟指標對台灣外銷訂單之影響— 以美國市場為例
The Effect of Macroeconomics Indicators on Export Orders in Taiwan—Evidence from the U.S. Market作者 葉詠欣
Ye, Yong-Sin貢獻者 洪福聲<br>林朕陞<br>林君宗
葉詠欣
Ye, Yong-Sin關鍵詞 外銷訂單
美國
總體經濟指標
預測模型
Export Orders
The United States
Macroeconomic Indicators
Forecasting日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Dec-2023 10:46:06 (UTC+8) 摘要 台灣是以外貿為導向之海島型經濟體,在外銷國家中以美國佔比最高,顯示台灣與美國之間貿易依存度高。本文旨在研究影響台灣整體產業、紡織品、電子產品、資訊與通信產品、電機產品、機械、基本金屬以及其製品外銷美國的訂單金額佔比之因素。實證方法上,本文應用向量誤差修正模型 (vector error correction model, VECM),使用台灣1984年第一季至2022年第四季之台灣整體產業與各產業外銷美國訂單金額佔比,同時於模型中考量美國人均實質GDP、美國CPI、台灣CPI以及匯率等四個總體經濟變數,藉以探討變數之間的長期與短期因果關係,並建立產業之預測模型。研究結果顯示匯率對於各產業均有長期及短期影響性,台灣CPI、美國CPI對不同產業的長期及短期影響程度有所不同,而美國人均實質GDP長期而言對各產業影響性不顯著,但是短期而言會影響電子產品外銷美國訂單金額佔比。在預測模型方面,本文發現台灣整體產業、資訊與通信產品、機械、基本金屬及其製品外銷美國訂單金額佔比預測模型預測能力較佳。
Taiwan is an open and trade-oriented economy. Among the export countries of Taiwan, the United States has the highest proportion. The purpose of this thesis is to study the factors affecting the proportion of Taiwan's overall industry, textiles, electronic products, information and communication products, electrical products, machinery, and basic metals' export orders from the United States. We employ the vector error correction model (VECM) as the empirical method. Dependent variables include the proportions of the number of export orders to the United States in the period of 1984-2022 for overall industry and individual industry in Taiwan. At the same time, we consider four macroeconomic variables in the model, including the real GDP per capita of the United States, the CPI of the United States, the CPI of Taiwan, and the exchange rate to explore the long-term and short-term causal relationship among all variables and establish a forecast model for the industry. The results show that the exchange rate has long-term and short-term impacts on various industries. The CPI of the United States and the CPI of Taiwan have different long-term and short-term impacts on different industries. In the long run, the per capita real GDP of the United States has no significant impact on various industries, but in the short term, it will affect the proportion of electronic products exported to the United States. In terms of forecasting, we find that our model has better forecasting ability on Taiwan's overall industry, information and communication products, machinery, and basic metals.參考文獻 吳豪傑 (2009),「匯率變化對台灣三大出口產業之影響」,碩士論文,中原大學,國際貿易學系,桃園。 林依伶 (2014),「影響我國商品變動之因素-考量匯率對進口中間財之影響」,《中央銀行季刊》,36(3),7-22。 林孟鋒 (2002),「影響台灣出口之相關總體經濟變數」,碩士論文,國立台北大學,經濟學系,台北。 邱玉綾 (2013),「美國總體經濟因素對台灣印刷電路板產業出口的影響」,碩士論文,中原大學,國際經營與貿易學系,桃園。 柯勝揮與江朝宗 (2011),「實質所得、相對價格、匯率與國際貿易之動態關聯分析-以台灣對美日貿易為例」,《貿易調查叢刊》,22(2),75-100。 胡育豪 (1996),「匯率波動對出口量的影響--台灣出口產業之實證研究」,碩士論文,國立成功大學,國際貿易學系,台南。 胡立強 (2016),「台灣紡織品出口之實證分析」,碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,經濟學系,台北。 徐德政 (2011),「金融海嘯對台灣電子業進出口貿易之影響」,碩士論文,中原大學,國際貿易學系,桃園。 高銘宏 (2015),「影響台灣電子業出口之因素分析」,碩士論文,南臺科技大學,工業管理學系,台南。 莊秉欣 (2003),「台灣液晶顯示器面板產業需求預測模式之研究」,碩士論文,東海大學,工業工程與經營資訊學系,台中。 陳赫廷 (2006),「台灣大尺寸TFT-LCD面板產業出口供需探討」,碩士論文,國立成功大學,國際企業學系,台南。 陳雅淇 (2009),「次級房貸危機對台灣與美國進出口貿易的影響-以液晶電視產業為例」,碩士論文,國立成功大學,經營管理碩士學位學程,台南。 許弘達 (2013),「台灣電子產品出口函數之實證分析」,碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,經濟學系,台北。 黃馨儀 (2003),「我國晶圓代工產業出口供需模型之探討」,碩士論文,國立成功大學,國際企業學系,台南。 黃偉靈 (2021),「影響台灣紡織業進出口因子分析」,碩士論文,國立中興大學,高階經理人碩士在職專班,台中。 曾子睿 (2009),「分析中國匯率波動對進出口之影響-以東協五國為例」,碩士論文,逢甲大學,國際貿易學系,台中。 程凱裕 (2022),「工具機零組件之需求預測-以A公司為例」,碩士論文,國立中興大學,企業管理學系,台中。 鍾立宏 (2014),「總體經濟因數對台灣LED產業外銷之影響」,碩士論文,中原大學,國際經營與貿易學系,桃園。 Akhtar, M. A., & Hilton, R. S. (1984). Effects of exchange rate uncertainty on German and US trade. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Quarterly Review, 9(1), 7-16. Andrews, D. W. (1991). Heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix estimation. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 817-858. Arize, A. C. (1997). Conditional exchange-rate volatility and the volume of foreign trade: Evidence from seven industrialized countries. Southern Economic Journal, 235-254. Asseery, A., & Peel, D. A. (1991). The effects of exchange rate volatility on exports: Some new estimates. Economics Letters, 37(2), 173-177. Breusch, T. S. (1978). Testing for autocorrelation in dynamic linear models. Australian Economic Papers, 17(31), 334-355. Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T. J., & Stock, J. H. (1996). Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica, 64(4),813-836 Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica:Journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276. Godfrey, L. G. (1978). Testing against general autoregressive and moving average error models when the regressors include lagged dependent variables. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1293-1301. Gotur, P. (1985). Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on Trade: Some Further Evidence. Staff Papers-International Monetary Fund, 475-512. Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 424-438. Granger, C. W., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111-120. In, F., & Sgro, P. (1998). Export growth and its determinants: some evidence for South Korea and Singapore. Applied Economics Letters, 5(4), 225-230. Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration--with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169-210. Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254. MacKinnon, J. G. (1996). Numerical distribution functions for unit root and cointegration tests. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), 601-618. MacKinnon, J. G., Haug, A. A., & Michelis, L. (1999). Numerical distribution functions of likelihood ratio tests for cointegration. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14(5), 563-577. Ng, S., & Perron, P. (2001). Lag length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554. Nieh, C. C., & Lee, C. F. (2001). Dynamic relationship between stock prices and exchange rates for G-7 countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 41(4), 477-490. Phillips, P. C., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346. Sims, C. A. (1980). Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1-48. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際金融碩士學位學程
111zb1028資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZB1028 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 洪福聲<br>林朕陞<br>林君宗 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 葉詠欣 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Ye, Yong-Sin en_US dc.creator (作者) 葉詠欣 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Ye, Yong-Sin en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Dec-2023 10:46:06 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Dec-2023 10:46:06 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Dec-2023 10:46:06 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111ZB1028 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/148500 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際金融碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111zb1028 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 台灣是以外貿為導向之海島型經濟體,在外銷國家中以美國佔比最高,顯示台灣與美國之間貿易依存度高。本文旨在研究影響台灣整體產業、紡織品、電子產品、資訊與通信產品、電機產品、機械、基本金屬以及其製品外銷美國的訂單金額佔比之因素。實證方法上,本文應用向量誤差修正模型 (vector error correction model, VECM),使用台灣1984年第一季至2022年第四季之台灣整體產業與各產業外銷美國訂單金額佔比,同時於模型中考量美國人均實質GDP、美國CPI、台灣CPI以及匯率等四個總體經濟變數,藉以探討變數之間的長期與短期因果關係,並建立產業之預測模型。研究結果顯示匯率對於各產業均有長期及短期影響性,台灣CPI、美國CPI對不同產業的長期及短期影響程度有所不同,而美國人均實質GDP長期而言對各產業影響性不顯著,但是短期而言會影響電子產品外銷美國訂單金額佔比。在預測模型方面,本文發現台灣整體產業、資訊與通信產品、機械、基本金屬及其製品外銷美國訂單金額佔比預測模型預測能力較佳。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Taiwan is an open and trade-oriented economy. Among the export countries of Taiwan, the United States has the highest proportion. The purpose of this thesis is to study the factors affecting the proportion of Taiwan's overall industry, textiles, electronic products, information and communication products, electrical products, machinery, and basic metals' export orders from the United States. We employ the vector error correction model (VECM) as the empirical method. Dependent variables include the proportions of the number of export orders to the United States in the period of 1984-2022 for overall industry and individual industry in Taiwan. At the same time, we consider four macroeconomic variables in the model, including the real GDP per capita of the United States, the CPI of the United States, the CPI of Taiwan, and the exchange rate to explore the long-term and short-term causal relationship among all variables and establish a forecast model for the industry. The results show that the exchange rate has long-term and short-term impacts on various industries. The CPI of the United States and the CPI of Taiwan have different long-term and short-term impacts on different industries. In the long run, the per capita real GDP of the United States has no significant impact on various industries, but in the short term, it will affect the proportion of electronic products exported to the United States. In terms of forecasting, we find that our model has better forecasting ability on Taiwan's overall industry, information and communication products, machinery, and basic metals. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 7 第三節 研究架構 8 第二章 文獻探討 9 第一節 總體經濟指標對出口影響之相關文獻探討 9 第二節 總體經濟指標對不同外銷產業影響之文獻探討 10 第三章 研究方法 13 第一節 變數選擇與資料來源 13 第二節 變數資料處理 16 第三節 向量自我迴歸模型與向量誤差修正模型 18 第四節 預測模型建立與預測能力分析 22 第四章 實證結果 24 第一節 單根檢定 24 第二節 向量自我迴歸模型與向量誤差修正模型 26 第三節 建立預測模型 35 第五章 結論與建議 40 第一節 研究結論 40 第二節 後續研究與建議 41 參考文獻 44 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1976451 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZB1028 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外銷訂單 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 總體經濟指標 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 預測模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Export Orders en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The United States en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Macroeconomic Indicators en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Forecasting en_US dc.title (題名) 總體經濟指標對台灣外銷訂單之影響— 以美國市場為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Effect of Macroeconomics Indicators on Export Orders in Taiwan—Evidence from the U.S. Market en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳豪傑 (2009),「匯率變化對台灣三大出口產業之影響」,碩士論文,中原大學,國際貿易學系,桃園。 林依伶 (2014),「影響我國商品變動之因素-考量匯率對進口中間財之影響」,《中央銀行季刊》,36(3),7-22。 林孟鋒 (2002),「影響台灣出口之相關總體經濟變數」,碩士論文,國立台北大學,經濟學系,台北。 邱玉綾 (2013),「美國總體經濟因素對台灣印刷電路板產業出口的影響」,碩士論文,中原大學,國際經營與貿易學系,桃園。 柯勝揮與江朝宗 (2011),「實質所得、相對價格、匯率與國際貿易之動態關聯分析-以台灣對美日貿易為例」,《貿易調查叢刊》,22(2),75-100。 胡育豪 (1996),「匯率波動對出口量的影響--台灣出口產業之實證研究」,碩士論文,國立成功大學,國際貿易學系,台南。 胡立強 (2016),「台灣紡織品出口之實證分析」,碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,經濟學系,台北。 徐德政 (2011),「金融海嘯對台灣電子業進出口貿易之影響」,碩士論文,中原大學,國際貿易學系,桃園。 高銘宏 (2015),「影響台灣電子業出口之因素分析」,碩士論文,南臺科技大學,工業管理學系,台南。 莊秉欣 (2003),「台灣液晶顯示器面板產業需求預測模式之研究」,碩士論文,東海大學,工業工程與經營資訊學系,台中。 陳赫廷 (2006),「台灣大尺寸TFT-LCD面板產業出口供需探討」,碩士論文,國立成功大學,國際企業學系,台南。 陳雅淇 (2009),「次級房貸危機對台灣與美國進出口貿易的影響-以液晶電視產業為例」,碩士論文,國立成功大學,經營管理碩士學位學程,台南。 許弘達 (2013),「台灣電子產品出口函數之實證分析」,碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,經濟學系,台北。 黃馨儀 (2003),「我國晶圓代工產業出口供需模型之探討」,碩士論文,國立成功大學,國際企業學系,台南。 黃偉靈 (2021),「影響台灣紡織業進出口因子分析」,碩士論文,國立中興大學,高階經理人碩士在職專班,台中。 曾子睿 (2009),「分析中國匯率波動對進出口之影響-以東協五國為例」,碩士論文,逢甲大學,國際貿易學系,台中。 程凱裕 (2022),「工具機零組件之需求預測-以A公司為例」,碩士論文,國立中興大學,企業管理學系,台中。 鍾立宏 (2014),「總體經濟因數對台灣LED產業外銷之影響」,碩士論文,中原大學,國際經營與貿易學系,桃園。 Akhtar, M. A., & Hilton, R. S. (1984). Effects of exchange rate uncertainty on German and US trade. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Quarterly Review, 9(1), 7-16. Andrews, D. W. (1991). Heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix estimation. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 817-858. Arize, A. C. (1997). Conditional exchange-rate volatility and the volume of foreign trade: Evidence from seven industrialized countries. Southern Economic Journal, 235-254. Asseery, A., & Peel, D. A. (1991). The effects of exchange rate volatility on exports: Some new estimates. Economics Letters, 37(2), 173-177. Breusch, T. S. (1978). Testing for autocorrelation in dynamic linear models. Australian Economic Papers, 17(31), 334-355. Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T. J., & Stock, J. H. (1996). Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica, 64(4),813-836 Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica:Journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276. Godfrey, L. G. (1978). Testing against general autoregressive and moving average error models when the regressors include lagged dependent variables. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1293-1301. Gotur, P. (1985). Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on Trade: Some Further Evidence. Staff Papers-International Monetary Fund, 475-512. Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 424-438. Granger, C. W., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111-120. In, F., & Sgro, P. (1998). Export growth and its determinants: some evidence for South Korea and Singapore. Applied Economics Letters, 5(4), 225-230. Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration--with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169-210. Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254. MacKinnon, J. G. (1996). Numerical distribution functions for unit root and cointegration tests. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), 601-618. MacKinnon, J. G., Haug, A. A., & Michelis, L. (1999). Numerical distribution functions of likelihood ratio tests for cointegration. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14(5), 563-577. Ng, S., & Perron, P. (2001). Lag length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554. Nieh, C. C., & Lee, C. F. (2001). Dynamic relationship between stock prices and exchange rates for G-7 countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 41(4), 477-490. Phillips, P. C., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346. Sims, C. A. (1980). Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1-48. zh_TW