學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 年少得志?! 探究少年所長的角色期望、衝突及其組織社會化方式
Young Achievers? Exploring the Role Expectations, Conflicts, and Organizational Socialization Methods of Youth Police Station Chiefs
作者 盧宏銘
Lu, Hong-Ming
貢獻者 張鎧如
Zhang, Kai-Ru
盧宏銘
Lu, Hong-Ming
關鍵詞 少年所長
角色期望
角色衝突
組織社會化
核心職能
Youth Police Station Chief
Role Expectations
Role Conflict
Organizational Socialization
Core Competencies
日期 2023
上傳時間 2-Jan-2024 15:25:05 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著臺北市的警察在遭遇內部、外部環境日漸艱辛的狀況下,伴隨著現今幹部逐漸重視自我權益的轉變,幹部們不再視派出所所長一職為警職生涯必須的歷練,對於出任派出所所長的意願大幅降低,導致不曾擔任過基層警員的「少年所長」如雨後春筍般湧現;然而,這些年少得志的少年所長們,卻可能因為年輕、經驗不足等因素,發生許多角色衝突,並對於轄區的治安維護及交通疏導產生衝擊。 本研究試圖了解警界及外界對於少年所長的角色期望、可能發生的角色衝突,以及透過何種組織社會化方式減緩角色衝突。基於此,本研究以郭為藩(1979)提出的兩種角色期望、Adler & Adler(1987)認定的兩種角色衝突,及Van Maanen(1976)提出組織社會化的三階段為基礎架構,透過深度訪談法蒐集相關資料,希冀回答研究問題。 經由訪談資料的交叉分析,本研究發現少年所長應該擁有的核心職能、少年所長自身及他人對於少年所長的角色期望,並以此統整出少年所長擁有的10種角色類型;另外發現少年所長進入調適組織社會化階段會面對的角色間衝突及角色內衝突,及在蛻變社會化階段會運用的機關組織社會化策略、少年所長自發性行為等。 基於上述,本研究分別針對少年所長可以採行的自發性行為、機關可以採行的組織社會化策略及機關篩選派出所所長的制度提出幾點政策建議,希望可以讓少年所長減少角色衝突帶來的衝擊,以有效穩定轄區的治安及交通的順暢。
As the Taipei City police face increasingly challenging internal and external environments, coupled with a shift in the mindset of contemporary leaders who prioritize their individual rights, the role of police station chiefs is no longer considered a mandatory milestone in a police career. Consequently, there is a significant decrease in the willingness of leaders to take on the position of police station chief, leading to the emergence of young and ambitious "youth police station chiefs" who may lack experience as grassroots police officers. However, these young achievers may encounter various role conflicts due to their youth and limited experience, impacting the maintenance of public order and traffic control in their jurisdictions. This study aims to understand the role expectations placed on youth police station chiefs by both the police community and the public, potential role conflicts they may encounter, and the organizational socialization methods employed to mitigate these conflicts. Grounded in the framework proposed by Guo Weifan (1979) for two types of role expectations, Adler & Adler's (1987) identification of two types of role conflicts, and Van Maanen's (1976) three stages of organizational socialization, the research utilizes in-depth interviews to collect relevant data in addressing the research questions. Through a analysis of interview data, the study identifies core competencies expected of youth police station chiefs, the role expectations held by the chiefs themselves and others, resulting in the consolidation of ten distinct role types. Additionally, the study reveals role conflicts that arise during the adjustment and metamorphosis stages of organizational socialization, along with organizational socialization strategies and spontaneous behaviors employed by youth police station chiefs. Based on these findings, the research proposes policy recommendations for the spontaneous behaviors youth police station chiefs can adopt, organizational socialization strategies that institutions can implement, and institutional measures for selecting police station chiefs. These suggestions aim to help youth police station chiefs minimize the impact of role conflicts, thereby effectively stabilizing public order and ensuring smooth traffic flow in their jurisdictions.
參考文獻 王雅各(2007)。少年巡官的煩惱-初任職警官從警經驗之探討。國立臺北大學社會學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 王詩婷(2018)。國小教師對專任輔導教師角色知覺與角色期望之調查研究。亞洲大學經營管理學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺中。 王家浩(2019)。師徒制對新進警察人員工作適應影響之研究。義守大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。 方文村(2019)。發揮派出所偵查能量之行動研究- 以江翠派出所所長角色為例。中央警察大學刑事警察研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 內政部警政署(1986)。分駐(派出)所實務手冊。臺北:內政部警政署。 內政部警政署(2007)。分駐(派出)所所長教育訓練教材。臺北:內政部警政署。 汝 信、時蓉華(1988)。社會科學新辭典。四川:重慶。 吳利成(2005)。高雄縣府會職員對議會組織角色期望之研究。高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。 吳文進(2018)。警察機關分駐(派出)所所長遴選之研究。中央警察大學警察政策研究所碩士學位論文,未出版,桃園。 李湧清、王寬弘、朱金池(2001)。警察學總論。臺北:五南圖書公司。 李信義(2006)。警察機關分駐、派出所長核心能力之研究-以彰化縣警察局為例。國立彰化師範大學碩士論文,未出版,彰化。 李佳諺(2012)。我國警察派出所所長領導行為之研究─以新莊警察分局為例。中央警察大學警察政策研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 杜慶進(2008)。公立高級中學秘書角色期望與角色踐行之研究-以臺北市為例。國立臺灣師範大學教育學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北 沈介文(2002)。公關人員對專業核心能力認知之研究。新聞學研究,72,119-145。 周新富(2013)。教育社會學。臺北:五南。 林晉寬(1999)。團隊信任與研究發展績效之關係。科技管理學報,4(1),207-221。 林國棟(2004)。分駐派出所所長手冊。彰化:彰化縣警察局。 林清江(1971)。教師角色理論與師範教育改革動向之比較研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,13,45-175。 林政昌(2007)。從制度延續觀點檢視我國警察派出所的變革-比較日本殖民時期與現代台灣之間警察派出所的功能與角色轉型。國立暨南國際大學公共行政與政策學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,南投。 林淑馨(2010)。質性研究-理論與實務。臺北:巨流。 林亭均(2014)。員工的安全氣候與基層主管安全角色之絕對安全參與行為的影響:以台灣三家石化廠為例。中原大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 洪子軒(2016)。基層主管遭遇之困境與形成因素。國立雲林科技大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,雲林。 孫本初(2002)。從公務人員核心職能談專業發展(下)。公務人員月刊,77,34-42。 曹常成(2008)。雇主、作業主管及勞安人員在提升安全文化之角色與功能分析。行政勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所。 郭為藩(1971)。角色理論在教育學上之意義。師友月刊,49,6-12。 郭航江(2013)。角色衝突、角色模糊與職業倦怠關係之研究─以合併改制後的高雄市政府水利局人員為例。國立高雄應用科技大學財富與稅務管理系研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。 陳庚金(1981)。人群關係與管理。臺北:五南。 陳奎熹(1990)。教育社會學研究。臺北,師大書苑。 陳純瑩(1994)。台灣光復初期之警政。國立臺灣師範大學歷史學研究所博士論文,未出版,臺北。 陳愷(1999)。我國警察機關派出所主管遴選方式,領導角色類型對組織運作影響之研究。國立政治大學公共行政學系博士論文,未出版,臺北。 陳釗文(2005)。公立國民中學兼任行政職務教師角色衝突及因應策略之研究-以台中縣為例。私立銘傳大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 陳秋蘭(2009)。麻醉護理人員角色期望與角色實踐之研究-以嘉義、雲林、彰化地區為範圍。國立中正大學勞工研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義。 陳義峰(2010)。警察分駐(派出)所初任男女警工作適應之比較研究-以臺北縣政府警察局為例。世新大學行政管理學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 陳沛熙(2017)。非營利組織新手主管管理行為調適之研究。國立暨南國際大學非營利組織經營管理碩士學位學程研究所論文,未出版,南投。 陳建中(2021)。警察人員之多元認同與工作效能:組織社會化之調節效果。元智大學管理碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 張春興(1989)。張氏心理學辭典。臺北:東華書局。 張春興(1991)。現代心理學。臺北:東華書局。 張勝彥(1996)。台灣開發史。臺北:空中大學。 張錫鏞(2004)。國民小學總務主任角色期望與角色踐行之研究-以臺北縣市為例。臺北市立師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 張連發(2004)。建構公部門人力資源管理新思維-以核心能力為觀點。人事月刊,39(4),63-68。 張麗玉(2005)。新世代護理人員對護理長角色期望的探討。臺北醫學大學護理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 張淵菘(2006)。我國警察基層幹部(所長)核心能力之探討-警大養成教育課 程內容分析。警學叢刊,37(3),149-172。 章光明(1999)。警察勤務之社會科學分析。桃園:中央警察大學。 黃政傑(1985)。 我國教育部課程行政的檢討與改進。載於中華民國比較教育學會(編),教育行政比較研究。臺北:台灣書店。 黃啟峯(2006)。派出所主管核心職能之研究-以台北市政府警察局為例。淡江大學公共行政學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 黃秀珍、鄭瀛川(2008)。校外機構線上諮商工作者之核心職能初探研究-以張老師基金會某分事務所為例。輔導與諮商學報,30(1),61-87。 黃上驊(2020)。警察派出所所長心理韌性之研究。中央警察大學行政警察研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 喻小月(2009)。勞動假期角色模糊與角色衝突問題之研究。中國文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 葉至誠(2006)。教育社會學(初版)。新北:威仕曼文化。 新北市政府警察局編印(2003)。分駐(派出)所所長每日應行辦理事項檢視表。新北。 楊永年(1998)。中央警察大學畢業生分發基層警員可行性之分析。中央警察大學警學叢刊,31(6),1-10。 楊啟賢(2019)。派出所經營管理成功關鍵因素-以桃園市政府警察局某分局為調查對象。開南大學商學院碩士在職專班研究所論文,未出版,桃園。 趙璟瑄(2002)。中高階公務人員管理發展核心能力之初探。人事月刊,35(4),49-57。 彰化縣警察局(2004)。分駐(派出)所長手冊。彰化:彰化縣警察局。 鄭喜夫(1972)。日據時期台灣之警察。自由青年,47(4)。 鄭晉昌、劉曉雯、林俊宏、陳春希(2006)。多向度之管理職能評鑑與主管級員工績效及績效改善之關係:一項結合橫貫面與縱貫面之研究。人力資源管理學報,6(4),1-21。 蔡萬來(2006)。臺北市基層警察主管領導之研究。國立臺灣大學政治學研究所論文,未出版,臺北。 蔡良文(2011)。論文官核心職能-教考訓用觀點。T&D飛訊,121,3-15 。 蔡松純(2016)。企業選才的關鍵:職能的理論與應用。生涯電子報,21,1-8。 臺灣警察專科學校(2018)。專科警員班第37期正期招生簡章。臺北:臺灣警察專科學校。 潘淑滿(2003)。質性研究-理論與應用。臺北:心理。 賴春金、李隆盛 (2011)。職能分析的方法與選擇。T&D飛訊,114,1-22。 蕭建宏(2019)。探討警察派出所所長之取材困境,以臺北市政府警察局為例。國立臺北大學社會學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 薛芝蕙(2006)。主計人員角色衝突之研究。世新大學行政管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 薛昭義、薛榮棠、孔仁奕(2014)。物業管理公司現場主管管理職能量表之建立。物業管理學報,5(2),15。 謝博賢(2006)。我國警察機關派出所所長遴選之研究:以籃中演練為例。淡江大學公共行政學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 謝詠翔(2020)。一年期志願役預備軍官制度推動對基層軍官的工作壓力研究探討-以東部某單位為例。長榮大學職業安全與衛生學系在職專班研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺南。 英文文獻 Ashford, S. J., & Cummings, L. L. (1983). Feedback as an individual resource: Personal strategies of creating information. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32, 370-398. Adler, P., & Adler, P. A. (1987). Role conflict and identity salience: College athletics and the academic role. The Social Science Journal, 24(4), 450. Ashford, S. J., & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 199-214. Alain, M., & Grégoire, M. (2008). Can Ethics Survive the Shock of the Job? Quebec’s police recruits confront reality. Policing and Society, 18(2), 169-189. Amin, A., & Roberts, J. (2008). Knowing in Action: Beyond communities of practice. Research Policy, 37, 353-369. Annell, S., Sverke, M., Gustavsson, P., & Lindfors, P. (2022). On the same path? Profiles of proximal socialization outcomes among new police officers. Nordic Psychology, DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2014350 Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competence manager: A model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Biddle, B. J., & Thomas, E. J. (1966). Role theory: Concepts and research. New York: John Wiley. Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brief, A. P., Schrler, R. S., & Van Sell, M. (1981). Managing job stress. Boston: Little Brown. Bennett, R. (1984). Becoming Blue: A longitudinal study of police recruit occupational socialization. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 12(1), 47-58. Brown, L., & Willis, A. (1985). Authoritarianism in British police recruits: Importation, socialization or myth? Journal of Occupational Psychology, 58, 97-108. Britz, M. (1997). The police subculture and occupational socialization: Exploring individual and demographic characteristics. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 21(2), 127-146. Barmania, S., & Aljunid, S. M. (2016). Navigating HIV prevention policy and Islam in Malaysia: contention, compatibility or reconciliation? Findings from in-depth interviews among key stakeholders. BMC Public Health, 16(1). Charmaz, K. (1990).’Discovering’ chronic illness: Using grounded theory. Social Science & Medicine, 30(11). Caplow, T. (1964). Principles of organization. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Campbell, S. J. (1999). Role theory foreign policy advisors and U. S. foreign policymaking. The 40th Meeting of the International Studies Association, Washington. Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435-62. Cable, D., & Parsons, C. (2001). Socialization tactics and person-organization fit. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 1-23. Chan, J. (2003). Fair cop: Learning the art of policing. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Cooper‐Thomas, H. D., & Anderson, N. (2006). Organizational socialization: A new theoretical model and recommendations for future research and HRM practices in organizations. Journal of managerial psychology. 21(5), 492-516. Chappell, A., & Lanza-Kaduce, L. (2009). Police Academy Socialization: Understanding the Lessons Learned in a Paramilitary-Bureaucratic Organization. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 39(2), 187-214. Charman, S (2017) Police socialisation, identity and culture: Becoming blue. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Canary, A. (2019). How to analyze interview transcripts in qualitative research. Retrieved May 1, 2022, from https://www.rev.com/blog/analyze-interview-transcripts-in-qualitative-research. Doyle, S. T. (2019). How senior police leaders learn the art of leadership. Unpublished doctorate dissertation, Department of Philosophy, Central Queensland University, Brisbane. Ellis, R. (1991). Perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of police recruits. Canadian Police College Journal, 15(2), 95-117. Eraut, M. (2004). Informal learning in the workplace. Studies in Continuing Education, 26(2), 247-273. Fisher, C. D. (1986). Organizational socialisation an integrative review. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 4, 101-145. Fielding, N. (1988a). Joining forces: Police training, socialization, and occupational competence. London: Routledge. Fielding, N. (1988b). Joining forces: Police training, socialization, and occupational competence. London: Routledge. Fielding, N., & Fielding, J. (1991). Police attitudes to crime and punishment. British Journal of Criminology, 31(1), 39-53. Ford, R. (2003). Saying one thing, meaning another: The role of parables in police training. Police Quarterly, 6(1), 84-110. Fekjær, S. (2014). Police students’ social background, attitudes and career plans. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 37(3), 467-483. Getzels, J. W., & Guba, E. G. (1954). Role, role Conflict, and effectiveness: An empirical study. American Sociological Review, 19(2), 164-175. Goffman, F. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday. Guglieliemino, P. J. (1979). Developing the top-level executive for the 1980’s and beyond. Training and Development Journal, 33(4), 12-14. Griffin, A. E. C., Colella, A., & Goparaju, S. (2000). Newcomer and organizational socialization tactics: An interactionist perspective. Human Resource Management Review, 10(4), 453-474. Garner, R. (2005). Police Attitudes: The impact of experience after training. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 1(1), 56-70. Hughes, E. (1958). Men and their work. Glencoe: Free Press. Hayes, J. L. (1979). A new look at managerial competence: the AMA model of worthy performance. Management Review, 68(11),2-3. Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (1982). Education administration-theory, research and practice. New York: Radom House. Heslop, R. (2011). Community engagement and learning as ‘Becoming’: Findings from a Study of British police recruit training. Policing and Society, 21(3), 327-342. Hoggett, J., Redford, P., Toher, D. & White, P. (2019). Challenges for police leadership: Identity, experience, legitimacy and direct entry. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 34, 145-155. Jones, G. (1986). Socialization tactics, self-efficacy, and newcomers’ adjustments to organizations. The Academy of Management Journal, 29(2), 262–279. Jessup, Harlan R. (1990). New roles in team leadership. Training & Development Journal, 44, 79-83. Jamie, A. G., Alan, M. S., & David, I., Z (2006). Organizational socialization tactics and newcomer proactive behaviors: An integrative study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 90-104. Johansson, R., Danielsson, E., Eriksson, K., Kvarnlöf, L., & Karlsson, R. (2018). At the external boundary of a disaster response operation: The dynamics of volunteer inclusion. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26,519-529 Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal. R. A. (1964). Organization stress: Study in role conflict and ambiguity. New York, NY: John Wiley. Lucia, A. D. & Lepsinger, R., (1999). The art and science of competency models: Pinpointing critical success factors in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer. Linton, R. (1945). The cultural background of personality. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts. Lipham, J. M. & Hoeh, J. A. (1974). The principalship: Foundation and functions. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. Mintzberg, H. (1973). The nature of managerial work. New York: Harper & Row Publisher. Marianne, H (1977). Becoming a policeman: Socialization of cadets in a police academy. Urban Life, 6(2), 149-170 Morrison, E. W. (1993a). Newcomer information seeking: exploring types, modes, sources, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 557-589. Morrison, E. W. (1993b). Longitudinal study of the effects of information seeking on newcomer socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(2), 173-183. McNulty, E. (1994). Generating common sense knowledge among police officers. Symbolic Interaction, 17(3), 281-294. Moon, B. (2006). The influence of occupational socialization on police officers’ acceptance of community policing. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 29, 704-722. Ostroff, C., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (1992). Organizational socialization as a learning process: the role of informa tion acquisition. Personnel Psychology, 45(4), 849-874. Owens, R. G. (1998). Organizational behavior in education (6th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-92. Parsons, T. (1952). The social system. Illinois: The Free Press. Parsons, T. (1961). The school class as a social system – some of its function in American society. New York: Free Press. Paoline, E. (2001). Rethinking police culture: Officers’ occupational attitudes. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing. Paoline, E., & Terrill, W. (2014). Police culture: Adapting to the strains of the Job. Durham: Carolina Academic Press. Quinn, R. E. (1988). Beyond rational management: Mastering the paradoxes and competing demands of high performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Louis, M. R. (1980). Surprise and sense making: What newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational settings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 226-251. Lahti, R. K. (1999). Identifying and integrating individual level and organizational level core competencies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(1), 59-75. Robert, A., & David, D. V F. (1983). Organizational behavior: A managerial viewpoint. Chicago: Dryden Press. Robbins, S.P. (1993). Organizational behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Skolnick, J. (1966). Justice without trial: Law enforcement in democratic society. New York: Wiley and Sons. Sarbin, T.R., & Allen, V.L. (1968). Role theory. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology Vol. 1. Reading. Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Spencer, L.M., & Spencer, S.M. (1993). Competence at work: Model for superior performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Sato, M. (2003). Police recruits’ training and the socialisation process: From the network perspective. The Police Journal, 76, 289-303. Van Maanen, J. (1975). Police socialization: A longitudinal examination of job attitudes in an urban police department. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20(2), 207-228. Van Maanen, J. (1976). Breaking in: Socialization to work. In R. Dubin (Ed.), Handbook of Work, Organization and Society, 67-130. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Company. Van Maanen, J., & Schein, E. (1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. Staw (Ed.), Research in Organizational Behaviour (1), 209-264). Wharton, A.S., & Erickson, R.J. (1993). Managing emotions on the job and at home: Understanding the consequences of multiple emotional roles. Academy of Management Review, 18(3), 457-486. Weick, K. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks: Jossey-Bass. Wanberg, C. R., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of proactivity in the socialization process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 373-385. Williams, E., Norman, J., & Boag-Munroe, F. (2021). Direct entry: fairness, resilience and the impact on regular cops. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 64, 100442. Yuksel, Y., & Tosun, H. (2015). Understanding organizational socialization process of police officers and job satisfaction. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14(52).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
109921048
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109921048
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張鎧如zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Zhang, Kai-Ruen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 盧宏銘zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lu, Hong-Mingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 盧宏銘zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lu, Hong-Mingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Jan-2024 15:25:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Jan-2024 15:25:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Jan-2024 15:25:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109921048en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/149041-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109921048zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著臺北市的警察在遭遇內部、外部環境日漸艱辛的狀況下,伴隨著現今幹部逐漸重視自我權益的轉變,幹部們不再視派出所所長一職為警職生涯必須的歷練,對於出任派出所所長的意願大幅降低,導致不曾擔任過基層警員的「少年所長」如雨後春筍般湧現;然而,這些年少得志的少年所長們,卻可能因為年輕、經驗不足等因素,發生許多角色衝突,並對於轄區的治安維護及交通疏導產生衝擊。 本研究試圖了解警界及外界對於少年所長的角色期望、可能發生的角色衝突,以及透過何種組織社會化方式減緩角色衝突。基於此,本研究以郭為藩(1979)提出的兩種角色期望、Adler & Adler(1987)認定的兩種角色衝突,及Van Maanen(1976)提出組織社會化的三階段為基礎架構,透過深度訪談法蒐集相關資料,希冀回答研究問題。 經由訪談資料的交叉分析,本研究發現少年所長應該擁有的核心職能、少年所長自身及他人對於少年所長的角色期望,並以此統整出少年所長擁有的10種角色類型;另外發現少年所長進入調適組織社會化階段會面對的角色間衝突及角色內衝突,及在蛻變社會化階段會運用的機關組織社會化策略、少年所長自發性行為等。 基於上述,本研究分別針對少年所長可以採行的自發性行為、機關可以採行的組織社會化策略及機關篩選派出所所長的制度提出幾點政策建議,希望可以讓少年所長減少角色衝突帶來的衝擊,以有效穩定轄區的治安及交通的順暢。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the Taipei City police face increasingly challenging internal and external environments, coupled with a shift in the mindset of contemporary leaders who prioritize their individual rights, the role of police station chiefs is no longer considered a mandatory milestone in a police career. Consequently, there is a significant decrease in the willingness of leaders to take on the position of police station chief, leading to the emergence of young and ambitious "youth police station chiefs" who may lack experience as grassroots police officers. However, these young achievers may encounter various role conflicts due to their youth and limited experience, impacting the maintenance of public order and traffic control in their jurisdictions. This study aims to understand the role expectations placed on youth police station chiefs by both the police community and the public, potential role conflicts they may encounter, and the organizational socialization methods employed to mitigate these conflicts. Grounded in the framework proposed by Guo Weifan (1979) for two types of role expectations, Adler & Adler's (1987) identification of two types of role conflicts, and Van Maanen's (1976) three stages of organizational socialization, the research utilizes in-depth interviews to collect relevant data in addressing the research questions. Through a analysis of interview data, the study identifies core competencies expected of youth police station chiefs, the role expectations held by the chiefs themselves and others, resulting in the consolidation of ten distinct role types. Additionally, the study reveals role conflicts that arise during the adjustment and metamorphosis stages of organizational socialization, along with organizational socialization strategies and spontaneous behaviors employed by youth police station chiefs. Based on these findings, the research proposes policy recommendations for the spontaneous behaviors youth police station chiefs can adopt, organizational socialization strategies that institutions can implement, and institutional measures for selecting police station chiefs. These suggestions aim to help youth police station chiefs minimize the impact of role conflicts, thereby effectively stabilizing public order and ensuring smooth traffic flow in their jurisdictions.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與問題 5 第三節 名詞解釋 6 第四節 研究流程 8 第二章 文獻回顧 10 第一節 派出所所長的核心職能 10 第二節 角色理論 15 第三節 派出所所長的角色 20 第四節 少年所長角色期望與衝突 24 第五節 組織社會化 27 第六節 警察組織社會化的階段 32 第七節 少年所長的組織社會化 34 第三章 研究設計 39 第一節 個案背景 39 第二節 研究方法設計 47 第四章 研究分析 58 第一節 所長的工作內容及核心職能 58 第二節 少年所長的角色期望 64 第三節 少年所長的組織社會化 76 第四節 小結 102 第五章 結論與建議 108 第一節 研究結論與發現 108 第二節 政策建議 114 第三節 研究限制與後續建議 119 參考文獻 120 附錄一: 臺北市政府警察局及所屬各單位「警勤加給勤務繁重加成支給」一覽表 135 附錄二:臺北市政府警察局派出所所長統計表 136 附錄三:臺北市政府警察局派出所所長兼任人員候用遴任規定 138 附錄四:派出所所長遴任規定變革 141 附錄五:訪談題綱 143zh_TW
dc.format.extent 4117057 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109921048en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 少年所長zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 角色期望zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 角色衝突zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織社會化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 核心職能zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Youth Police Station Chiefen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Role Expectationsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Role Conflicten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Organizational Socializationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Core Competenciesen_US
dc.title (題名) 年少得志?! 探究少年所長的角色期望、衝突及其組織社會化方式zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Young Achievers? Exploring the Role Expectations, Conflicts, and Organizational Socialization Methods of Youth Police Station Chiefsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王雅各(2007)。少年巡官的煩惱-初任職警官從警經驗之探討。國立臺北大學社會學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 王詩婷(2018)。國小教師對專任輔導教師角色知覺與角色期望之調查研究。亞洲大學經營管理學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺中。 王家浩(2019)。師徒制對新進警察人員工作適應影響之研究。義守大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。 方文村(2019)。發揮派出所偵查能量之行動研究- 以江翠派出所所長角色為例。中央警察大學刑事警察研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 內政部警政署(1986)。分駐(派出)所實務手冊。臺北:內政部警政署。 內政部警政署(2007)。分駐(派出)所所長教育訓練教材。臺北:內政部警政署。 汝 信、時蓉華(1988)。社會科學新辭典。四川:重慶。 吳利成(2005)。高雄縣府會職員對議會組織角色期望之研究。高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。 吳文進(2018)。警察機關分駐(派出)所所長遴選之研究。中央警察大學警察政策研究所碩士學位論文,未出版,桃園。 李湧清、王寬弘、朱金池(2001)。警察學總論。臺北:五南圖書公司。 李信義(2006)。警察機關分駐、派出所長核心能力之研究-以彰化縣警察局為例。國立彰化師範大學碩士論文,未出版,彰化。 李佳諺(2012)。我國警察派出所所長領導行為之研究─以新莊警察分局為例。中央警察大學警察政策研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 杜慶進(2008)。公立高級中學秘書角色期望與角色踐行之研究-以臺北市為例。國立臺灣師範大學教育學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北 沈介文(2002)。公關人員對專業核心能力認知之研究。新聞學研究,72,119-145。 周新富(2013)。教育社會學。臺北:五南。 林晉寬(1999)。團隊信任與研究發展績效之關係。科技管理學報,4(1),207-221。 林國棟(2004)。分駐派出所所長手冊。彰化:彰化縣警察局。 林清江(1971)。教師角色理論與師範教育改革動向之比較研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,13,45-175。 林政昌(2007)。從制度延續觀點檢視我國警察派出所的變革-比較日本殖民時期與現代台灣之間警察派出所的功能與角色轉型。國立暨南國際大學公共行政與政策學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,南投。 林淑馨(2010)。質性研究-理論與實務。臺北:巨流。 林亭均(2014)。員工的安全氣候與基層主管安全角色之絕對安全參與行為的影響:以台灣三家石化廠為例。中原大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 洪子軒(2016)。基層主管遭遇之困境與形成因素。國立雲林科技大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,雲林。 孫本初(2002)。從公務人員核心職能談專業發展(下)。公務人員月刊,77,34-42。 曹常成(2008)。雇主、作業主管及勞安人員在提升安全文化之角色與功能分析。行政勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所。 郭為藩(1971)。角色理論在教育學上之意義。師友月刊,49,6-12。 郭航江(2013)。角色衝突、角色模糊與職業倦怠關係之研究─以合併改制後的高雄市政府水利局人員為例。國立高雄應用科技大學財富與稅務管理系研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。 陳庚金(1981)。人群關係與管理。臺北:五南。 陳奎熹(1990)。教育社會學研究。臺北,師大書苑。 陳純瑩(1994)。台灣光復初期之警政。國立臺灣師範大學歷史學研究所博士論文,未出版,臺北。 陳愷(1999)。我國警察機關派出所主管遴選方式,領導角色類型對組織運作影響之研究。國立政治大學公共行政學系博士論文,未出版,臺北。 陳釗文(2005)。公立國民中學兼任行政職務教師角色衝突及因應策略之研究-以台中縣為例。私立銘傳大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 陳秋蘭(2009)。麻醉護理人員角色期望與角色實踐之研究-以嘉義、雲林、彰化地區為範圍。國立中正大學勞工研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義。 陳義峰(2010)。警察分駐(派出)所初任男女警工作適應之比較研究-以臺北縣政府警察局為例。世新大學行政管理學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 陳沛熙(2017)。非營利組織新手主管管理行為調適之研究。國立暨南國際大學非營利組織經營管理碩士學位學程研究所論文,未出版,南投。 陳建中(2021)。警察人員之多元認同與工作效能:組織社會化之調節效果。元智大學管理碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 張春興(1989)。張氏心理學辭典。臺北:東華書局。 張春興(1991)。現代心理學。臺北:東華書局。 張勝彥(1996)。台灣開發史。臺北:空中大學。 張錫鏞(2004)。國民小學總務主任角色期望與角色踐行之研究-以臺北縣市為例。臺北市立師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 張連發(2004)。建構公部門人力資源管理新思維-以核心能力為觀點。人事月刊,39(4),63-68。 張麗玉(2005)。新世代護理人員對護理長角色期望的探討。臺北醫學大學護理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 張淵菘(2006)。我國警察基層幹部(所長)核心能力之探討-警大養成教育課 程內容分析。警學叢刊,37(3),149-172。 章光明(1999)。警察勤務之社會科學分析。桃園:中央警察大學。 黃政傑(1985)。 我國教育部課程行政的檢討與改進。載於中華民國比較教育學會(編),教育行政比較研究。臺北:台灣書店。 黃啟峯(2006)。派出所主管核心職能之研究-以台北市政府警察局為例。淡江大學公共行政學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 黃秀珍、鄭瀛川(2008)。校外機構線上諮商工作者之核心職能初探研究-以張老師基金會某分事務所為例。輔導與諮商學報,30(1),61-87。 黃上驊(2020)。警察派出所所長心理韌性之研究。中央警察大學行政警察研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。 喻小月(2009)。勞動假期角色模糊與角色衝突問題之研究。中國文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 葉至誠(2006)。教育社會學(初版)。新北:威仕曼文化。 新北市政府警察局編印(2003)。分駐(派出)所所長每日應行辦理事項檢視表。新北。 楊永年(1998)。中央警察大學畢業生分發基層警員可行性之分析。中央警察大學警學叢刊,31(6),1-10。 楊啟賢(2019)。派出所經營管理成功關鍵因素-以桃園市政府警察局某分局為調查對象。開南大學商學院碩士在職專班研究所論文,未出版,桃園。 趙璟瑄(2002)。中高階公務人員管理發展核心能力之初探。人事月刊,35(4),49-57。 彰化縣警察局(2004)。分駐(派出)所長手冊。彰化:彰化縣警察局。 鄭喜夫(1972)。日據時期台灣之警察。自由青年,47(4)。 鄭晉昌、劉曉雯、林俊宏、陳春希(2006)。多向度之管理職能評鑑與主管級員工績效及績效改善之關係:一項結合橫貫面與縱貫面之研究。人力資源管理學報,6(4),1-21。 蔡萬來(2006)。臺北市基層警察主管領導之研究。國立臺灣大學政治學研究所論文,未出版,臺北。 蔡良文(2011)。論文官核心職能-教考訓用觀點。T&D飛訊,121,3-15 。 蔡松純(2016)。企業選才的關鍵:職能的理論與應用。生涯電子報,21,1-8。 臺灣警察專科學校(2018)。專科警員班第37期正期招生簡章。臺北:臺灣警察專科學校。 潘淑滿(2003)。質性研究-理論與應用。臺北:心理。 賴春金、李隆盛 (2011)。職能分析的方法與選擇。T&D飛訊,114,1-22。 蕭建宏(2019)。探討警察派出所所長之取材困境,以臺北市政府警察局為例。國立臺北大學社會學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 薛芝蕙(2006)。主計人員角色衝突之研究。世新大學行政管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 薛昭義、薛榮棠、孔仁奕(2014)。物業管理公司現場主管管理職能量表之建立。物業管理學報,5(2),15。 謝博賢(2006)。我國警察機關派出所所長遴選之研究:以籃中演練為例。淡江大學公共行政學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。 謝詠翔(2020)。一年期志願役預備軍官制度推動對基層軍官的工作壓力研究探討-以東部某單位為例。長榮大學職業安全與衛生學系在職專班研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺南。 英文文獻 Ashford, S. J., & Cummings, L. L. (1983). Feedback as an individual resource: Personal strategies of creating information. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32, 370-398. Adler, P., & Adler, P. A. (1987). Role conflict and identity salience: College athletics and the academic role. The Social Science Journal, 24(4), 450. Ashford, S. J., & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 199-214. Alain, M., & Grégoire, M. (2008). Can Ethics Survive the Shock of the Job? Quebec’s police recruits confront reality. Policing and Society, 18(2), 169-189. Amin, A., & Roberts, J. (2008). Knowing in Action: Beyond communities of practice. Research Policy, 37, 353-369. Annell, S., Sverke, M., Gustavsson, P., & Lindfors, P. (2022). On the same path? Profiles of proximal socialization outcomes among new police officers. Nordic Psychology, DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2014350 Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competence manager: A model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Biddle, B. J., & Thomas, E. J. (1966). Role theory: Concepts and research. New York: John Wiley. Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brief, A. P., Schrler, R. S., & Van Sell, M. (1981). Managing job stress. Boston: Little Brown. Bennett, R. (1984). Becoming Blue: A longitudinal study of police recruit occupational socialization. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 12(1), 47-58. Brown, L., & Willis, A. (1985). Authoritarianism in British police recruits: Importation, socialization or myth? Journal of Occupational Psychology, 58, 97-108. Britz, M. (1997). The police subculture and occupational socialization: Exploring individual and demographic characteristics. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 21(2), 127-146. Barmania, S., & Aljunid, S. M. (2016). Navigating HIV prevention policy and Islam in Malaysia: contention, compatibility or reconciliation? Findings from in-depth interviews among key stakeholders. BMC Public Health, 16(1). Charmaz, K. (1990).’Discovering’ chronic illness: Using grounded theory. Social Science & Medicine, 30(11). Caplow, T. (1964). Principles of organization. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Campbell, S. J. (1999). Role theory foreign policy advisors and U. S. foreign policymaking. The 40th Meeting of the International Studies Association, Washington. Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435-62. Cable, D., & Parsons, C. (2001). Socialization tactics and person-organization fit. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 1-23. Chan, J. (2003). Fair cop: Learning the art of policing. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Cooper‐Thomas, H. D., & Anderson, N. (2006). Organizational socialization: A new theoretical model and recommendations for future research and HRM practices in organizations. Journal of managerial psychology. 21(5), 492-516. Chappell, A., & Lanza-Kaduce, L. (2009). Police Academy Socialization: Understanding the Lessons Learned in a Paramilitary-Bureaucratic Organization. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 39(2), 187-214. Charman, S (2017) Police socialisation, identity and culture: Becoming blue. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Canary, A. (2019). How to analyze interview transcripts in qualitative research. Retrieved May 1, 2022, from https://www.rev.com/blog/analyze-interview-transcripts-in-qualitative-research. Doyle, S. T. (2019). How senior police leaders learn the art of leadership. Unpublished doctorate dissertation, Department of Philosophy, Central Queensland University, Brisbane. Ellis, R. (1991). Perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of police recruits. Canadian Police College Journal, 15(2), 95-117. Eraut, M. (2004). Informal learning in the workplace. Studies in Continuing Education, 26(2), 247-273. Fisher, C. D. (1986). Organizational socialisation an integrative review. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 4, 101-145. Fielding, N. (1988a). Joining forces: Police training, socialization, and occupational competence. London: Routledge. Fielding, N. (1988b). Joining forces: Police training, socialization, and occupational competence. London: Routledge. Fielding, N., & Fielding, J. (1991). Police attitudes to crime and punishment. British Journal of Criminology, 31(1), 39-53. Ford, R. (2003). Saying one thing, meaning another: The role of parables in police training. Police Quarterly, 6(1), 84-110. Fekjær, S. (2014). Police students’ social background, attitudes and career plans. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 37(3), 467-483. Getzels, J. W., & Guba, E. G. (1954). Role, role Conflict, and effectiveness: An empirical study. American Sociological Review, 19(2), 164-175. Goffman, F. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday. Guglieliemino, P. J. (1979). Developing the top-level executive for the 1980’s and beyond. Training and Development Journal, 33(4), 12-14. Griffin, A. E. C., Colella, A., & Goparaju, S. (2000). Newcomer and organizational socialization tactics: An interactionist perspective. Human Resource Management Review, 10(4), 453-474. Garner, R. (2005). Police Attitudes: The impact of experience after training. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 1(1), 56-70. Hughes, E. (1958). Men and their work. Glencoe: Free Press. Hayes, J. L. (1979). A new look at managerial competence: the AMA model of worthy performance. Management Review, 68(11),2-3. Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (1982). Education administration-theory, research and practice. New York: Radom House. Heslop, R. (2011). Community engagement and learning as ‘Becoming’: Findings from a Study of British police recruit training. Policing and Society, 21(3), 327-342. Hoggett, J., Redford, P., Toher, D. & White, P. (2019). Challenges for police leadership: Identity, experience, legitimacy and direct entry. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 34, 145-155. Jones, G. (1986). Socialization tactics, self-efficacy, and newcomers’ adjustments to organizations. The Academy of Management Journal, 29(2), 262–279. Jessup, Harlan R. (1990). New roles in team leadership. Training & Development Journal, 44, 79-83. Jamie, A. G., Alan, M. S., & David, I., Z (2006). Organizational socialization tactics and newcomer proactive behaviors: An integrative study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 90-104. Johansson, R., Danielsson, E., Eriksson, K., Kvarnlöf, L., & Karlsson, R. (2018). At the external boundary of a disaster response operation: The dynamics of volunteer inclusion. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26,519-529 Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal. R. A. (1964). Organization stress: Study in role conflict and ambiguity. New York, NY: John Wiley. Lucia, A. D. & Lepsinger, R., (1999). The art and science of competency models: Pinpointing critical success factors in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer. Linton, R. (1945). The cultural background of personality. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts. Lipham, J. M. & Hoeh, J. A. (1974). The principalship: Foundation and functions. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. Mintzberg, H. (1973). The nature of managerial work. New York: Harper & Row Publisher. Marianne, H (1977). Becoming a policeman: Socialization of cadets in a police academy. Urban Life, 6(2), 149-170 Morrison, E. W. (1993a). Newcomer information seeking: exploring types, modes, sources, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 557-589. Morrison, E. W. (1993b). Longitudinal study of the effects of information seeking on newcomer socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(2), 173-183. McNulty, E. (1994). Generating common sense knowledge among police officers. Symbolic Interaction, 17(3), 281-294. Moon, B. (2006). The influence of occupational socialization on police officers’ acceptance of community policing. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 29, 704-722. Ostroff, C., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (1992). Organizational socialization as a learning process: the role of informa tion acquisition. Personnel Psychology, 45(4), 849-874. Owens, R. G. (1998). Organizational behavior in education (6th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-92. Parsons, T. (1952). The social system. Illinois: The Free Press. Parsons, T. (1961). The school class as a social system – some of its function in American society. New York: Free Press. Paoline, E. (2001). Rethinking police culture: Officers’ occupational attitudes. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing. Paoline, E., & Terrill, W. (2014). Police culture: Adapting to the strains of the Job. Durham: Carolina Academic Press. Quinn, R. E. (1988). Beyond rational management: Mastering the paradoxes and competing demands of high performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Louis, M. R. (1980). Surprise and sense making: What newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational settings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 226-251. Lahti, R. K. (1999). Identifying and integrating individual level and organizational level core competencies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(1), 59-75. Robert, A., & David, D. V F. (1983). Organizational behavior: A managerial viewpoint. Chicago: Dryden Press. Robbins, S.P. (1993). Organizational behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Skolnick, J. (1966). Justice without trial: Law enforcement in democratic society. New York: Wiley and Sons. Sarbin, T.R., & Allen, V.L. (1968). Role theory. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology Vol. 1. Reading. Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Spencer, L.M., & Spencer, S.M. (1993). Competence at work: Model for superior performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Sato, M. (2003). Police recruits’ training and the socialisation process: From the network perspective. The Police Journal, 76, 289-303. Van Maanen, J. (1975). Police socialization: A longitudinal examination of job attitudes in an urban police department. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20(2), 207-228. Van Maanen, J. (1976). Breaking in: Socialization to work. In R. Dubin (Ed.), Handbook of Work, Organization and Society, 67-130. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Company. Van Maanen, J., & Schein, E. (1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. Staw (Ed.), Research in Organizational Behaviour (1), 209-264). Wharton, A.S., & Erickson, R.J. (1993). Managing emotions on the job and at home: Understanding the consequences of multiple emotional roles. Academy of Management Review, 18(3), 457-486. Weick, K. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks: Jossey-Bass. Wanberg, C. R., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of proactivity in the socialization process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 373-385. Williams, E., Norman, J., & Boag-Munroe, F. (2021). Direct entry: fairness, resilience and the impact on regular cops. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 64, 100442. Yuksel, Y., & Tosun, H. (2015). Understanding organizational socialization process of police officers and job satisfaction. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14(52).zh_TW