探究語境因素與個人語境敏銳度對於選擇華語否定詞「不」與「沒」的影響

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題名	探究語境因素與個人語境敏銳度對於選擇華語否定詞「不」與「沒」的影響 Investigating the effects of sentential context and individual context-sensitivity in the choice between negators bu and mei in Mandarin
作者	陳薌如 Chen, Xiang-Ru
貢獻者	賴瑶鍈 Lai, Yao-Ying 陳薌如 Chen, Xiang-Ru
關鍵詞	華語否定詞語句處理語境整合個體差異語境敏銳度 Mandarin negators sentence processing contextual integration individual differences context sensitivity
日期	2023
上傳時間	1-Feb-2024 10:53:15 (UTC+8)
摘要	「不」與「沒」作為最常使用的否定詞，兩否定詞的使用常因為語境的不同而產生差異，這便造成華語學習者使用兩否定詞上的困難。一般而言，「不」的語意特徵包括 [＋意願性] 和 [－有界性] ，「沒」的語意特徵為 [－意願性] 和 [＋有界性]。本研究旨在探討語境因素 [±意願性] 、 [±有界性] 和個人語境敏銳度對華語母語者使用「不」與「沒」的影響，以及處理負荷上的差異。研究者操控 [±意願性] 和 [±有界性] 兩項自變項於目標句前的語境句，以計時問卷 (timed questionnaire) 記錄實驗參與者 (i) 目標句所選擇的否定詞 (「不」或「沒」) ，以及 (ii) 作答反應時間。另考量到每個人語境敏銳度的不同，本研究以自閉症指數量表 (Autism-spectrum Quotient, AQ) 作為語境敏銳度的指標，探討個人差異是否影響兩否定詞的選擇。實驗結果發現，語境中的 [±有界性] 顯著影響否定詞的選擇，而 [±意願性] × [±有界性] ，以及高低AQ組 × [±意願性] 的交互作用，亦顯著影響否定詞的選擇。在處理負荷上， [±意願性] 顯著影響反應時間，且AQ組別 × [±意願性] × [±有界性] 三者呈顯著交互作用。研究結果主要發現有三： (i) 語境中的 [±有界性] 訊息對選擇「不」或「沒」的影響強度大於 [±意願性] ； (ii) 低AQ組 (語境敏銳度高) 選擇否定詞時，因較易考量語境中的主語 [±意願性] ，而較容易選擇與 [＋意願性] 語意特徵相符的「不」; (iii) 高AQ組在面對需要思考主語 [＋意願性] 時，會產生較大的處理負荷。華語教學時，可先就兩否定詞在 [±有界性] 的語意差異進行教學，當學習者程度提高時，再帶入 [±意願性] 的解讀。由於個人對語句的解讀存在差異，教師應以更大的語境脈絡釐清學習者欲表達的內容，選出最合適的否定詞。本研究不僅在語言層次上看到選擇「不」或「沒」時，語境中 [±有界性] 訊息的影響力大於 [±意願性] ，也從個人對 [±意願性] 敏銳度的差異中看到個人語境敏銳度對語言使用的影響，以及語句解讀中處理負荷的差異。 This study investigates the influence of contextual factors [±volition], [±boundedness] and individuals’ context-sensitivity on the choice of two negators, bu and mei, among native Mandarin speakers, as well as differences in processing load. Generally, bu matches the semantic features of [+volition] and [-boundedness], while mei is characterized by [-volition] and [+boundedness]. However, individuals may interpret sentences containing bu and mei differently. The investigator manipulated two semantic features, [±volition] and [±boundedness], in context sentences preceding target negative sentences. Recording the participants' (i) choice of bu and mei in the target sentences and (ii) response times. Considering variations in individuals’ context-sensitivity, the investigator measured the participants’ Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) as an index and examined its effect on negator processing. The main findings are threefold: (i) the influence of [±boundedness] in context was greater than that of [±volition] on the choice between bu and mei; (ii) lower-AQ individuals (indexing higher context sensitivity) were more inclined to consider [±volition] in context, choosing bu more often when the context signaled [+volition] of the subject referent; and (iii) higher-AQ individuals took longer when incorporating this [+volition] feature in context. This study shows that the influence of contextual [±boundedness] information is greater than [±volition] when choosing between bu and mei for negative sentences. Additionally, results reveal the influence of individuals’ context-sensitivity to [±volition] in context when sentence processing requires contextual integration.
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描述	碩士國立政治大學華語文教學碩博士學位學程 109161003
資料來源	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109161003
資料類型	thesis

dc.contributor.advisor	賴瑶鍈	zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor	Lai, Yao-Ying	en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors)	陳薌如	zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors)	Chen, Xiang-Ru	en_US
dc.creator (作者)	陳薌如	zh_TW
dc.creator (作者)	Chen, Xiang-Ru	en_US
dc.date (日期)	2023	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	1-Feb-2024 10:53:15 (UTC+8)	-
dc.date.available	1-Feb-2024 10:53:15 (UTC+8)	-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間)	1-Feb-2024 10:53:15 (UTC+8)	-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers)	G0109161003	en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI)	https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/149463	-
dc.description (描述)	碩士	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	國立政治大學	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	華語文教學碩博士學位學程	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	109161003	zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)	「不」與「沒」作為最常使用的否定詞，兩否定詞的使用常因為語境的不同而產生差異，這便造成華語學習者使用兩否定詞上的困難。一般而言，「不」的語意特徵包括 [＋意願性] 和 [－有界性] ，「沒」的語意特徵為 [－意願性] 和 [＋有界性]。本研究旨在探討語境因素 [±意願性] 、 [±有界性] 和個人語境敏銳度對華語母語者使用「不」與「沒」的影響，以及處理負荷上的差異。研究者操控 [±意願性] 和 [±有界性] 兩項自變項於目標句前的語境句，以計時問卷 (timed questionnaire) 記錄實驗參與者 (i) 目標句所選擇的否定詞 (「不」或「沒」) ，以及 (ii) 作答反應時間。另考量到每個人語境敏銳度的不同，本研究以自閉症指數量表 (Autism-spectrum Quotient, AQ) 作為語境敏銳度的指標，探討個人差異是否影響兩否定詞的選擇。實驗結果發現，語境中的 [±有界性] 顯著影響否定詞的選擇，而 [±意願性] × [±有界性] ，以及高低AQ組 × [±意願性] 的交互作用，亦顯著影響否定詞的選擇。在處理負荷上， [±意願性] 顯著影響反應時間，且AQ組別 × [±意願性] × [±有界性] 三者呈顯著交互作用。研究結果主要發現有三： (i) 語境中的 [±有界性] 訊息對選擇「不」或「沒」的影響強度大於 [±意願性] ； (ii) 低AQ組 (語境敏銳度高) 選擇否定詞時，因較易考量語境中的主語 [±意願性] ，而較容易選擇與 [＋意願性] 語意特徵相符的「不」; (iii) 高AQ組在面對需要思考主語 [＋意願性] 時，會產生較大的處理負荷。華語教學時，可先就兩否定詞在 [±有界性] 的語意差異進行教學，當學習者程度提高時，再帶入 [±意願性] 的解讀。由於個人對語句的解讀存在差異，教師應以更大的語境脈絡釐清學習者欲表達的內容，選出最合適的否定詞。本研究不僅在語言層次上看到選擇「不」或「沒」時，語境中 [±有界性] 訊息的影響力大於 [±意願性] ，也從個人對 [±意願性] 敏銳度的差異中看到個人語境敏銳度對語言使用的影響，以及語句解讀中處理負荷的差異。	zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)	This study investigates the influence of contextual factors [±volition], [±boundedness] and individuals’ context-sensitivity on the choice of two negators, bu and mei, among native Mandarin speakers, as well as differences in processing load. Generally, bu matches the semantic features of [+volition] and [-boundedness], while mei is characterized by [-volition] and [+boundedness]. However, individuals may interpret sentences containing bu and mei differently. The investigator manipulated two semantic features, [±volition] and [±boundedness], in context sentences preceding target negative sentences. Recording the participants' (i) choice of bu and mei in the target sentences and (ii) response times. Considering variations in individuals’ context-sensitivity, the investigator measured the participants’ Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) as an index and examined its effect on negator processing. The main findings are threefold: (i) the influence of [±boundedness] in context was greater than that of [±volition] on the choice between bu and mei; (ii) lower-AQ individuals (indexing higher context sensitivity) were more inclined to consider [±volition] in context, choosing bu more often when the context signaled [+volition] of the subject referent; and (iii) higher-AQ individuals took longer when incorporating this [+volition] feature in context. This study shows that the influence of contextual [±boundedness] information is greater than [±volition] when choosing between bu and mei for negative sentences. Additionally, results reveal the influence of individuals’ context-sensitivity to [±volition] in context when sentence processing requires contextual integration.	en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents	圖表目錄 6 第一章、緒論 8 1.1 研究動機 8 1.2 研究範圍 11 1.3 研究目的與問題 12 第二章、文獻探討 13 2.1 否定詞「不」與「沒」的語意特徵 13 2.1.1 [±意願性] 13 2.1.2 [±有界性] 14 2.1.3 [±動態性] 18 2.1.4 [±已然] 20 2.2 處理否定句的認知歷程 24 2.3 不同動詞類型與否定詞的搭配 25 2.4 個人語境敏銳度對語意理解之影響 29 2.4.1 語言理解的語境敏銳度與個人社會認知能力的關係 29 2.4.2 個人社會認知能力與自閉症特徵傾向的關係 30 2.4.3 語言處理時語境敏銳度之個體差異──心智理論觀點 33 第三章、前測問卷實驗 35 3.1 前測實驗材料 35 3.1.1 動詞篩選 35 3.1.2 前測設計條件 42 3.2 前測實驗受試者 43 3.3 前測實驗程序 43 3.4 前測實驗分析及結果 43 第四章、主實驗 46 4.1 主實驗材料 46 4.2 主實驗受試者 49 4.3 主實驗程序 49 4.4 主實驗數據分析 51 4.4.1 選擇「不」與「沒」的比例分析 52 4.4.2 選擇否定詞的分析 53 4.4.3 主實驗中否定詞選擇時的反應時間分析 55 4.4.4 AQ、語境中 [±意願性] 和 [±有界性] 三者與否定詞選擇和反應時間的分析 58 第五章、研究結果討論 64 5.1 語境對否定詞選擇的影響 64 5.2 語境敏銳度與否定詞選擇的處理負荷 65 5.3 華語教學的應用 66 第六章、結論與研究限制 67 參考書目 68 附錄 73 附錄1 三個語料庫中各動詞與「不」和「沒」搭配的比例 73 附錄2 主實驗：語境因素 [±意願性] 和 [±有界性] 與選擇否定詞的分析 75 附錄3 主實驗：AQ、語境中 [±意願性] 和 [±有界性] 三者與否定詞選擇的分析 77	zh_TW
dc.format.extent	3318727 bytes	-
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	-
dc.source.uri (資料來源)	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109161003	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	華語否定詞	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	語句處理	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	語境整合	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	個體差異	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	語境敏銳度	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	Mandarin negators	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	sentence processing	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	contextual integration	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	individual differences	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	context sensitivity	en_US
dc.title (題名)	探究語境因素與個人語境敏銳度對於選擇華語否定詞「不」與「沒」的影響	zh_TW
dc.title (題名)	Investigating the effects of sentential context and individual context-sensitivity in the choice between negators bu and mei in Mandarin	en_US
dc.type (資料類型)	thesis	en_US
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