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題名 台灣學科領域與職業適配對早期薪資之影響
The effects of horizontal matching between fields of study and occupations on early job salary in Taiwan作者 吳毓章
Wu, Yu-Chang貢獻者 張峯彬
Chang, Feng-Bin
吳毓章
Wu, Yu-Chang關鍵詞 科系選擇
水平不適配
教育階層化
IPTW
field of study
horizontal mismatch
educational stratification
IPTW日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Feb-2024 11:41:32 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著高學歷者在發達國家青年勞動力中的占比上升，學生學科領域與職業間的水平適配也對勞力市場早期的分層機制產生重要影響。然而，既存的文獻多聚焦於歐美情境下的水平適配效果，且多關注勞動力市場的動態，而忽略了造成水平適配的前置教育因素。台灣不僅比其他東亞國家經歷了更快速的高等教育擴張歷程，近年高技術勞力更集中於特定專業領域。上述狀況雖然為台灣帶來兩極化的教育進路，但同時也貢獻一個驗證水平適配效果在東亞社會的契機。本研究使用台灣長期教育追蹤資料庫（Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS）以及其後續調查（Taiwan Education Panel Survey and Beyond, TEPS-B）的縱貫資料，搭配兩階段逆概率處方加權法（Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting）分別估計主觀和客觀衡量下的水平適配度對大學畢業生於30－31歲時現職工資的效果。結果發現，透過自我評估法（Self-Assessment, SA）與實際適配法（Realized Match, RM）測量的水平適配度皆與薪資存在正向關係。一單位SA適配度及一個百分點的RM適配度增加分別能帶來4%與3.4%的薪資增長。而藉由後續分群分析也能得知，水平適配度增長有助於縮減性別以及家戶間的不平等。女性較男性更能透過水平適配取得薪資增長，而家戶所得於25%百分位數以下者也能藉由提升水平適配度獲得較顯著的薪資增益。但在其他依據教育特質區分的分群分析中，水平適配度則根據不同的測量方法而顯示不等的效果。提升SA適配度對於一般大學畢業者，以及出身「社會科學、商業與法律學門」、「科學學門」、「醫療與福利學門」者的薪資增長較有幫助。另一方面，RM適配度則較能提升私立大學畢業者，以及出身「科學學門」及「醫療與福利學門」學生的早期薪資。
Recent literatures have gradually noticed the importance of horizontal matching between student’s selection into field of study and occupation. Taiwan exhibits a rapid expansion in higher education as well as a disciplinal-concentrated industry structure, which create unique setting for horizontal matching effect examination. Although previous studies have provided insights into the labor market consequences of (mis)matching, less research has been done on how the matching process is shaped by prior educational trajectories and how results differ under measurements of matching. Using a nationally representative longitudinal data set combination of the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) and its follow-up survey (TEPS-B), this study identified the causal relationship between the continuous level of horizontal matching and job salary at individual’s age between 30 and 31. Estimates of two-stage inverse probability treatment weighting reveal the positive effects across measures of Self-assessment (SA) and Realized match (RM), which a unit increase lead to approximately 3% salary growth. Subgroup analyses show that while a higher level of horizontal matching mitigates the earning disparities between students of different genders and levels of household income, it is less competent to close the gap between students of given schooling characteristics of institute privacy and education types. 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國立政治大學
社會學系
110254007資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110254007 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張峯彬 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Feng-Bin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳毓章 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Yu-Chang en_US dc.creator (作者) 吳毓章 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wu, Yu-Chang en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Feb-2024 11:41:32 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Feb-2024 11:41:32 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Feb-2024 11:41:32 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110254007 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/149649 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110254007 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著高學歷者在發達國家青年勞動力中的占比上升，學生學科領域與職業間的水平適配也對勞力市場早期的分層機制產生重要影響。然而，既存的文獻多聚焦於歐美情境下的水平適配效果，且多關注勞動力市場的動態，而忽略了造成水平適配的前置教育因素。台灣不僅比其他東亞國家經歷了更快速的高等教育擴張歷程，近年高技術勞力更集中於特定專業領域。上述狀況雖然為台灣帶來兩極化的教育進路，但同時也貢獻一個驗證水平適配效果在東亞社會的契機。本研究使用台灣長期教育追蹤資料庫（Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS）以及其後續調查（Taiwan Education Panel Survey and Beyond, TEPS-B）的縱貫資料，搭配兩階段逆概率處方加權法（Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting）分別估計主觀和客觀衡量下的水平適配度對大學畢業生於30－31歲時現職工資的效果。結果發現，透過自我評估法（Self-Assessment, SA）與實際適配法（Realized Match, RM）測量的水平適配度皆與薪資存在正向關係。一單位SA適配度及一個百分點的RM適配度增加分別能帶來4%與3.4%的薪資增長。而藉由後續分群分析也能得知，水平適配度增長有助於縮減性別以及家戶間的不平等。女性較男性更能透過水平適配取得薪資增長，而家戶所得於25%百分位數以下者也能藉由提升水平適配度獲得較顯著的薪資增益。但在其他依據教育特質區分的分群分析中，水平適配度則根據不同的測量方法而顯示不等的效果。提升SA適配度對於一般大學畢業者，以及出身「社會科學、商業與法律學門」、「科學學門」、「醫療與福利學門」者的薪資增長較有幫助。另一方面，RM適配度則較能提升私立大學畢業者，以及出身「科學學門」及「醫療與福利學門」學生的早期薪資。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Recent literatures have gradually noticed the importance of horizontal matching between student’s selection into field of study and occupation. Taiwan exhibits a rapid expansion in higher education as well as a disciplinal-concentrated industry structure, which create unique setting for horizontal matching effect examination. Although previous studies have provided insights into the labor market consequences of (mis)matching, less research has been done on how the matching process is shaped by prior educational trajectories and how results differ under measurements of matching. Using a nationally representative longitudinal data set combination of the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) and its follow-up survey (TEPS-B), this study identified the causal relationship between the continuous level of horizontal matching and job salary at individual’s age between 30 and 31. Estimates of two-stage inverse probability treatment weighting reveal the positive effects across measures of Self-assessment (SA) and Realized match (RM), which a unit increase lead to approximately 3% salary growth. Subgroup analyses show that while a higher level of horizontal matching mitigates the earning disparities between students of different genders and levels of household income, it is less competent to close the gap between students of given schooling characteristics of institute privacy and education types. The positive effects of education-occupation matching are only found on those majoring in “Social Science, Law, and Business”; “Science”; and “Health and Welfare.” These findings contribute to the current literature by demonstrating that the promotion of social mobility or the reproduction of inequality through education-occupation horizontal matchings is highly dependent on the fields of study determined by earlier schooling trajectories. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1 2. Theoretical and Empirical Backgrounds 11 2.1. Education- occupation Matching and Inequality 11 2.2. Empirical Approaches and Measurement Strategies 15 2.3. Taiwanese Context 20 3. Data and Measurements 25 3.1. Data 25 3.2. Measure 27 3.2.1. Outcome Variables and Treatment Variables 27 3.2.2. Control Variables 30 3.2.2.1. On the Choice of Field of study 30 3.2.2.2. On the Choice of Occupation 34 4. Analytical Strategy 40 4.1. Endogenous Selections and Randomized Controlled Trial 40 4.2. Identification of Propensity Score Analysis (PSA) and Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting (IPTW) 41 4.3. Case of Non-binary Treatments 43 4.4. Two-Stage-Weighted Treatment Effect Estimation 45 5. Descriptive Statistics 48 6. Results 52 6.1. Factors Affecting the Horizontal Matching 52 6.2. Main Analysis 54 6.2. Subgroup Analysis 56 7. Discussions and Limitations 59 REFERENCES 65 APPENDIX 93 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2062948 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110254007 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科系選擇 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 水平不適配 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教育階層化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) IPTW zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) field of study en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) horizontal mismatch en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) educational stratification en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) IPTW en_US dc.title (題名) 台灣學科領域與職業適配對早期薪資之影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The effects of horizontal matching between fields of study and occupations on early job salary in Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Non- English References Chen, Chien-Liang and Chung-Ming Kuan, 2006, “Taiwan's Wage Equation and Gender Wage Discrimination: Evidence from Quantile Regression Analysis.” Academia Economic Papers 34(4):435-468. [In Chinese] 陳建良、管中閔，2006，〈台灣工資函數與工資性別歧視的分量迴歸分析〉。 《經濟論文》34(4): 435-468. 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