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題名 極端女權的言說論戰——新浪微博中「反女權」論述的分析
The Discursive Contention of Extreme Feminism in China: Discourse Analysis of “Anti-Feminism” on Sina Weibo作者 單蔓婷
Shan, Man-Ting貢獻者 方念萱
Fang, Nien-Hsuan
單蔓婷
Shan, Man-Ting關鍵詞 女性主義在中國
女性主義污名化
反女性主義
線上厭女
性別論戰
極端女權
女性主義數位行動
女性主義批判言說分析
新浪微博
中國社群媒體
中國網路民族主義
Feminism in China
Stigmatization of feminism
Anti-feminism
Online misogyny
Gender-issue debate
Extreme feminism
Digital feminism activism
Feminist critical discourse analysis
Weibo
Chinese social media
Chinese cyber nationalism日期 2024 上傳時間 1-Mar-2024 13:49:54 (UTC+8) 摘要 近年中國社群網站中的性別論戰空前激烈，「女權主義」遭污名與抹黑都已不是新鮮事，但在2022年4月12日「@共青團中央」官媒發文批「極端女權已成網絡毒瘤！」，仍在微博引發巨大爭議。本研究使用爬蟲軟體，收集4月12日「@共青團中央」發文後的24小時中，微博上與「極端女權」相關的網友討論。總計獲得23,507則貼文，經資料清洗，還原出2,140組網友對話。 本研究嘗試搭配量化語料庫與女性主義批判言說分析（FCDA），先通過語料庫工具識別出文本的用詞概況，分析「極端女權」系列論述形成的輿論氛圍，在網民無數次轉發過程中，「女權」論述被框定為何種樣貌；再回到關鍵詞所在的上下文中，分析網民一來一回的言說論戰如何呈現出當前中國社會的性別對立議題，網民又會如何理解、附和、或回擊官方污名「女權主義」的手段；最後將言說特徵放入中國當代政治、社會脈絡進行詮釋。 研究發現，雖然女權一詞的污名用法仍是主流，但特別強調「真女權」與「假女權、田園女權」之分的用法已明顯減少，取而代之的是直接將女權定調為「極端」。同時，看似與「@共青團中央」發文無關的婚姻家庭（如彩禮、聘金、婚前婚後財產等）與生育議題（如生育偏好、子女從姓、家事勞動分工），也成為這次性別論戰的熱點話題，男性網民將其標定為女性剝削、欺壓男性的罪證，女性網民則以反諷等策略點出女性的生存困境，這側面反應出女權主義已成為中國社會結構問題的替罪羔羊。最後，本研究也發現以民族主義為特徵的厭女話語被構建出來，女權主義被污名為出於政治目與西方勢力同流合污的極端主義，女權主義者則是非我族類的「他者」。這種民族主義話語與厭女言論的協同作用，使得反女權主義者們更加團結，提升偏見言論的正當性。
Lately, the gender-issue debate on Chinese social media has been exceptionally intense. Feminism often faces stigma and shame, but on April 12, 2022, the official media of "@The Communist Youth League" issued a document criticizing the idea that "extreme feminism has become the cancer", sparking controversy on Weibo. This study utilized Web-Crawler software to gather netizen discussions related to "extreme feminism" on Weibo within 24 hours after the document was issued by The Communist Youth League on April 12. A total of 23,507 posts were made. Following the data cleaning, 2,140 groups of online conversations by netizens were recovered. This study uses quantitative corpus and Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA). The text's profile is first recognized using a corpus tool to analyze the public opinion atmosphere created by discussions on "extreme feminism" series. Through numerous forwards by netizens, the discussion on "feminism" took on a concrete form. This study revisits the context of keywords to analyze how discourse controversy among netizens reflects gender antagonism in contemporary Chinese society, and how netizens interpret, respond to, or challenge the official stigma surrounding "feminism." The speech feature is finally explained in the context of Chinese contemporary political and social. This study found that although the stigma of feminism is still mainstream, the use of the term that emphasizing the difference between "true feminism" and "false feminism" has apparently decreased. In contrast, feminism is directly deemed as "extremity." In addition, marriage and family matters (such as bride price, dowry, pre-marital and postnuptial property, etc.) and fertility issues (such as reproductive preferences, child's surname, and division of domestic labor) seemingly unrelated to the document issued by The Communist Youth League, have also become hot topics in the gender debate. Male netizens see it as evidence of crime that females exploit and oppress males, while female netizens use irony and other strategies to point out the plight of women's survival, which reflects that feminism has become the scapegoat of Chinese social problems. This study also found that a misogynistic discourse characterized by nationalism was constructed, whereby feminism was stigmatized as an extremist that was complicit with the West for political purposes, and feminists were the "other" who were not part of our community. 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國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
106464078資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106464078 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 方念萱 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Fang, Nien-Hsuan en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 單蔓婷 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Shan, Man-Ting en_US dc.creator (作者) 單蔓婷 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Shan, Man-Ting en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2024 13:49:54 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Mar-2024 13:49:54 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2024 13:49:54 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106464078 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/150193 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106464078 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年中國社群網站中的性別論戰空前激烈，「女權主義」遭污名與抹黑都已不是新鮮事，但在2022年4月12日「@共青團中央」官媒發文批「極端女權已成網絡毒瘤！」，仍在微博引發巨大爭議。本研究使用爬蟲軟體，收集4月12日「@共青團中央」發文後的24小時中，微博上與「極端女權」相關的網友討論。總計獲得23,507則貼文，經資料清洗，還原出2,140組網友對話。 本研究嘗試搭配量化語料庫與女性主義批判言說分析（FCDA），先通過語料庫工具識別出文本的用詞概況，分析「極端女權」系列論述形成的輿論氛圍，在網民無數次轉發過程中，「女權」論述被框定為何種樣貌；再回到關鍵詞所在的上下文中，分析網民一來一回的言說論戰如何呈現出當前中國社會的性別對立議題，網民又會如何理解、附和、或回擊官方污名「女權主義」的手段；最後將言說特徵放入中國當代政治、社會脈絡進行詮釋。 研究發現，雖然女權一詞的污名用法仍是主流，但特別強調「真女權」與「假女權、田園女權」之分的用法已明顯減少，取而代之的是直接將女權定調為「極端」。同時，看似與「@共青團中央」發文無關的婚姻家庭（如彩禮、聘金、婚前婚後財產等）與生育議題（如生育偏好、子女從姓、家事勞動分工），也成為這次性別論戰的熱點話題，男性網民將其標定為女性剝削、欺壓男性的罪證，女性網民則以反諷等策略點出女性的生存困境，這側面反應出女權主義已成為中國社會結構問題的替罪羔羊。最後，本研究也發現以民族主義為特徵的厭女話語被構建出來，女權主義被污名為出於政治目與西方勢力同流合污的極端主義，女權主義者則是非我族類的「他者」。這種民族主義話語與厭女言論的協同作用，使得反女權主義者們更加團結，提升偏見言論的正當性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Lately, the gender-issue debate on Chinese social media has been exceptionally intense. Feminism often faces stigma and shame, but on April 12, 2022, the official media of "@The Communist Youth League" issued a document criticizing the idea that "extreme feminism has become the cancer", sparking controversy on Weibo. This study utilized Web-Crawler software to gather netizen discussions related to "extreme feminism" on Weibo within 24 hours after the document was issued by The Communist Youth League on April 12. A total of 23,507 posts were made. Following the data cleaning, 2,140 groups of online conversations by netizens were recovered. This study uses quantitative corpus and Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA). The text's profile is first recognized using a corpus tool to analyze the public opinion atmosphere created by discussions on "extreme feminism" series. Through numerous forwards by netizens, the discussion on "feminism" took on a concrete form. This study revisits the context of keywords to analyze how discourse controversy among netizens reflects gender antagonism in contemporary Chinese society, and how netizens interpret, respond to, or challenge the official stigma surrounding "feminism." The speech feature is finally explained in the context of Chinese contemporary political and social. This study found that although the stigma of feminism is still mainstream, the use of the term that emphasizing the difference between "true feminism" and "false feminism" has apparently decreased. In contrast, feminism is directly deemed as "extremity." In addition, marriage and family matters (such as bride price, dowry, pre-marital and postnuptial property, etc.) and fertility issues (such as reproductive preferences, child's surname, and division of domestic labor) seemingly unrelated to the document issued by The Communist Youth League, have also become hot topics in the gender debate. Male netizens see it as evidence of crime that females exploit and oppress males, while female netizens use irony and other strategies to point out the plight of women's survival, which reflects that feminism has become the scapegoat of Chinese social problems. This study also found that a misogynistic discourse characterized by nationalism was constructed, whereby feminism was stigmatized as an extremist that was complicit with the West for political purposes, and feminists were the "other" who were not part of our community. This synergy between nationalist discourse and misogynistic speech has united anti-feminists and elevated the credibility of biased speech. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節、「女權主義」在中國 2 第二節、進入社群時代，微博的賦權與治理 5 第三節、夾縫中成長的女權行動與線上厭女反撲 8 第四節、文化保守主義、民族主義與反女權交織 11 第五節、理解微博「反女權」論述的四條脈絡與研究問題 14 第二章 文獻綜述 19 第一節、中國的女性主義數位行動 19 第二節、中國的女性主義污名化與反女權論述 24 第三節、網路性別論戰中的厭女反撲 28 第三章、研究方法 32 第一節、新浪微博作為觀察田野 32 第二節、資料蒐集與分析方法 35 一、語料庫分析 35 二、女性主義批判言說分析 37 三、本研究選取語料、分析方式 40 第四章、研究分析 46 第一節、「極端女權」相關討論串的熱點話題 46 一、「女權主義」污名當道，而「真女權」意涵空洞 51 二、以反諷回擊對生育文化的不滿 53 三、婚俗彩禮—中國父權制的現實實踐 54 四、難以擺脫的民族主義話語陷阱 56 第二節、網民回擊官方打壓女權 58 一、識破「真/假女權」的分化手段 58 二、串聯「江山嬌」集中展示女性困境 60 三、挪用官方與流行話語 62 第三節、網民附和官方污名女權 64 一、「男女平等」與「婦女解放」中國特色的性別平等神話 64 二、「極端」作為分辨好/壞、真/假女權的新尺度 67 三、隱喻的民族主義話語 69 第四節、變動中的壓迫等級制度 71 一、舉報文化盛行 71 二、「不是女人，又不愛女人」鄙視鏈底層的男同志 74 第五章、結論與反思 76 第一節、研究發現 76 第二節、研究限制與思考 79 參考文獻 83 中文 83 英文 86 zh_TW dc.format.extent 4323735 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106464078 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性主義在中國 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性主義污名化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反女性主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 線上厭女 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別論戰 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 極端女權 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性主義數位行動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性主義批判言說分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新浪微博 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國社群媒體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國網路民族主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Feminism in China en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Stigmatization of feminism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Anti-feminism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Online misogyny en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gender-issue debate en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Extreme feminism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Digital feminism activism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Feminist critical discourse analysis en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Weibo en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese social media en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese cyber nationalism en_US dc.title (題名) 極端女權的言說論戰——新浪微博中「反女權」論述的分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Discursive Contention of Extreme Feminism in China: Discourse Analysis of “Anti-Feminism” on Sina Weibo en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文 BBC News 中文（2020年10月2日）。〈拉姆之死：中國藏族網紅直播時遭前夫縱火身亡引爆反家暴討論〉。取自：https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-54384798 BBC News 中文（2022年4月14日）。〈中國共青團稱「極端女權已成網絡毒瘤」 引發爭議〉，《BBC News》取自：https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-61105757 王昀（2019）。〈社交網絡中的媒體間互動關係：基於新浪微博的實證分析〉。《傳播與社會學刊》，50：159-186。 甘麗華（2021）。〈父權制、網絡厭女與女權主義的中國化詮釋〉。《傳播與社會學刊》，57：159-190。 吳瑾瑋（2009）。〈從語料庫語言學觀點研究白居易詩重疊運用〉。《臺北大學中文學報》，7：67-92。 宋素鳳譯（2009）。《性別麻煩︰女性主義與身份的顛覆》。上海：上海三聯書店。（原書Butler, J. 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