1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Science
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 以每日情緒及睡眠紀錄探討安眠藥物渴想的預測因子
The Predictability of Hypnotic Craving Based on Emotion and Sleep with Daily Measures
作者 吳宇婷
Wu, Yu-Ting
貢獻者 楊建銘
Yang, Chien-Ming
吳宇婷
Wu, Yu-Ting
關鍵詞 安眠藥
渴想
每日測量
Hypnotics
Craving
Daily measures
日期 2024
上傳時間 3-Jun-2024 11:45:36 (UTC+8)
摘要 研究目的：渴想在物質使用和戒斷後的復發扮演重要的角色，雖然安眠藥的使用與其他成癮物質的使用不同，但過去研究顯示安眠藥在長期使用下仍會出現對安眠藥物的渴想。本研究旨在進一步探討安眠藥物渴想的相關因素，透過部分減藥的操弄與每日的評估，以瞭解減藥、情緒與壓力以及睡眠狀況與安眠藥渴想的關聯性。 研究方法：研究招募33位長期服用安眠藥的失眠者（男：女＝15：18；平均年齡41.6歲，標準差11.55歲），進行七天基礎期以及七天減藥期共兩週的研究。在研究期間，研究者每天透過社群媒體（LINE官方帳號）發送線上問卷連結，請研究參與者紀錄其安眠藥渴想、壓力程度、情緒價性（正負向情緒）、情緒強度（激發程度）以及各式睡眠指標。資料分析以階層線性模型（Hierarchical Linear Modeling）來區分受試者間與受試者內的預測效果。 研究結果：研究結果發現，減藥期並不會讓研究參與者經驗到更高程度的渴想，但相較基礎期有較負向的情緒以及較差的睡眠品質。受試者內之平均情緒價性（β = -0.24, p = .03）、睡前情緒價性（β = -0.21, p < .01）可預測當天的安眠藥渴想；且減藥期在睡前情緒價性具有調節效果（β = 0.25, p = .01），顯示睡前情緒價性僅在基礎期對渴想具有預測力，在減藥期則無。此外，安眠藥渴想具有個體差異的特性，若參與者失眠嚴重程度指標較高，與睡眠有關的受試者間因素較能夠預測渴想（例如，更負向的睡前情緒價性、更強烈的睡前情緒強度、更差的白天精神）；若參與者失眠嚴重程度指標較低，與情緒有關的受試者內因素較能夠預測渴想（例如，更高的壓力程度、較低的情緒強度）。 結論：本研究顯示，渴想不會因為部分減藥而提升。在安眠藥渴想的預測因素方面，從受試者內的資料顯示，個人經驗到的情緒狀態能夠預測安眠藥的渴想；然而從受試者間的資料顯示，渴想不會因個體之間的狀態而有所不同；與睡眠有關之因素則對渴想無顯著預測力。整體而言，安眠藥物的渴想與物質使用有類似之特性，會受到情緒及壓力等非睡眠因素及非藥物本身的因素所影響。再者，若有專業人員協助下減藥，能減少渴想的阻礙。未來在協助失眠者減藥時，應考量其渴想的特性、失眠嚴重程度，以及日常壓力及情緒變化的重要性。
Background:Craving plays a crucial role in the persistence and relapse of substance use. While the use of hypnotics may differ from addictive substances, previous research has reported that long-term use of hypnotics is associated with a craving for hypnotics among individuals with insomnia. The current study aimed to further explore the factors associated with hypnotic craving. By manipulating partial tapering and collecting daily measures, this study investigated the relationship between hypnotic craving and hypnotic tapering, stress, emotions, as well as sleep. Method:Thirty-three participants (Male: Female= 15: 18; age= 41.6±11.55) with insomnia disorder, who had been taking hypnotics for over three months, were recruited for a two-week study consisting of a seven-day usual dosage phase and a seven-day reduced dosage phase. Throughout the study, participants were asked to record their level of hypnotic craving, stress, emotion valence (positive and negative emotions), emotion arousal and to keep a sleep diary every day. Data were collected through responses to questions delivered via a social media app (Line). Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was employed to examine the relationship between emotion, sleep and craving, for both between-subject and within-subject associations. Results:The findings revealed that participants did not experience heightened craving during the reduced dosage phase compared to the usual dosage phase. However, they reported higher negative emotions and poorer sleep quality during the reduced dosage phase. At the intra-individual level, daily emotional valence (β = -0.24, p = .03) and bedtime emotional valence (β = -0.21, p < .01) were associated with craving. Reducing hypnotic dosage had a moderating effect on bedtime emotional valence (β = 0.25, p = .01), indicating that bedtime emotional valence was predictive only during the usual dosage phase and not during the reduced dosage phase. Furthermore, individual differences were observed in hypnotic craving. Sleep-related predictors (e.g., more negative bedtime emotional valence, heightened bedtime emotional arousal, and poorer daytime vitality) were associated with carving at the between-subject level among participants with higher insomnia severity index (ISI) scores; while emotion-related predictors (e.g., elevated daily stress level and reduced daily emotion arousal) were associated with craving at the within-subject level among participants with lower ISI scores. Conclusions:This study showed that partial tapering of hypnotics did not lead to an increase of hypnotic craving. Regarding predictors of hypnotic craving, negatively-weighted emotions correlated with heightened craving at the within-subject level, while craving did not fluctuated based on emotions at the between-subject level; also, sleep-related factors did not exhibit significantly correlations with increased craving. These results indicated that hypnotic craving shared similarities with substance use, as it was affected by stress and emotions rather than sleep or the hypnotic itself. These findings underscored the advantages of tapering with professional guidance, and the importance of incorporating the management of emotions and stress in reducing craving for hypnotics in individuals with insomnia.
參考文獻 行政院衛生署（2007）。苯二氮平類（Benzodiazepines）藥品用於鎮靜安眠之使用指引。 李昇晃（2019）。安眠藥使用頻率的發展軌跡與其相關因子：電話追蹤研究〔碩士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 沈武典（2001）。醫院院所Benzodiazepine藥物不當使用的初步分析。行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局九十年度委託科技研究計劃報告。台北市；台北醫院。 車先蕙、盧孟良、陳錫中、張尚文、李宇宙（2006）。中文版貝克焦慮量表之信效度。台灣醫學，10(4)，447—454。 https://doi.org/10.6320/FJM.2006.10(4).05 林郁秀（2015）。以注意力偏誤探討負向情感對安眠藥物的渴求之影響〔碩士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 陳心怡（2000）。貝克憂鬱量表第二版（BDI-II）中文版。台北：中國行為科學社。 陳昌偉（2014）。安眠藥物長期使用型態之探討〔博士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 陳琬渝（2013）。以失眠的認知模型探討失眠患者每日睡眠與情緒狀態的關聯性〔碩士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 楊建銘、許世杰、林詩淳、周映妤、陳瑩明（2009期數/2011出版）。失眠嚴重度量表中文版的信、效度探討 (Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of insomnia severity index). 臨床心理學刊 (Archives of Clinical Psychology)，4(2)，95—104。 衛生福利部中央健康保險署（107年）。藥品使用量分析。https://www.nhi.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=5AA7CAFFF61CB16D&topn=3FC7D09599D25979 賴羽琁（2015）。以計劃行為理論及渴想探討長期助眠藥物使用之心理因素〔碩士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 國家衛生研究院（110年5月）。臺灣鎮靜安眠藥不當使用之防治策略建言書。財團法人國家衛生研究院。 Atkin, T., Comai, S., & Gobbi, G. (2018). Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery. Pharmacological reviews, 70(2), 197–245. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.117.014381 Almeida, D. M., Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2002). The Daily Inventory of Stressful Events: An interview-based approach for measuring daily stressors. Assessment, 9(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191102009001006 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author. Back, S. E., Gros, D. F., McCauley, J. L., Flanagan, J. C., Cox, E., Barth, K. S., & Brady, K. T. (2014). Laboratory-induced cue reactivity among individuals with prescription opioid dependence. Addictive behaviors, 39(8), 1217–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.007 Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R., & Fiore, M. C. (2004). Addiction Motivation Reformulated: An Affective Processing Model of Negative Reinforcement. Psychological Review, 111(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.33 Baker, T., Morse, E., & Sherman, J. (1986). The motivation to use drugs: a psychobiological analysis of urges. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 34, 257–323. Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep medicine, 2(4), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893 Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Bélanger, L., Belleville, G., & Morin, C. M. (2009). Management of hypnotic discontinuation in chronic insomnia. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 4(4), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2009.07.011 Belleville, G., Guay, C., Guay, B., & Morin, C. M. (2007). Hypnotic taper with or without self-help treatment of insomnia: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 75(2), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.75.2.325 Bradley, M. M. & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9 Buysse, D. J., Thompson, W., Scott, J., Franzen, P. L., Germain, A., Hall, M., Douglas, E. M., Eric, A. N., & Kupfer, D. J. (2007). Daytime symptoms in primary insomnia: a prospective analysis using ecological momentary assessment. Sleep Medicine, 8(3), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2006.10.006 Bylsma, L. M., Taylor-Clift, A., & Rottenberg, J. (2011). Emotional reactivity to daily events in major and minor depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(1), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021662 Carskadon, M. A., Seidel, W. F., Greenblatt, D. J., & Dement, W. C. (1982). Daytime carryover of triazolam and flurazepam in elderly insomniacs. Sleep, 5(4), 361–371. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/5.4.361. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587 Charles, J., Harrison, C., & Britt, H. (2009). Insomnia. Australian Family Physician, 38, 283–283. Chen, C.W., Yang, C.M., Lin, Y.S., & Tsai, Y.L. (2016). Qualitative Study of Long-Term Sedative-Hypnotic use Patterns. Journal of Sleep Disorders: Treatment Care, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9639.1000184 Chiu, H. Y. , Lee, H. C., Liu, J. W., Hua, S. J., Chen, P. Y., Tsai, P., S., & Tu, Y. K. (2020). Comparative efficacy and safety of hypnotics for insomnia in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Sleep, 44(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa260 Cooney, N. L., Litt, M. D., Morse, P. A., Bauer, L. O., & Gaupp, L. (1997). Alcohol cue reactivity, negative-mood reactivity, and relapse in treated alcoholic men. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(2), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.2.243 Cox, W. M., & Klinger, E. (1988). A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(2), 168–180. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.97.2.168 de Timary, P., de Sousa Uva, M. C., Denoël, C., Hebborn, L., Derely, M., Desseilles, M., & Luminet, O. (2013). The associations between self-consciousness, depressive state and craving to drink among alcohol dependent patients undergoing protracted withdrawal. Public Library of Science One, 8(8), 71560. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071560 Díaz-Gutiérrez, M. J., Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M., Sáez de Adana, E., Cano, A. I., Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M. T., Besga, A., Segarra, R., & González-Pinto, A. (2017). Relationship between the use of benzodiazepines and falls in older adults: a systematic review. Maturitas, 101, 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.002 Dolder, C. R., & Nelson, M. H. (2008). Hypnosedative-Induced Complex Behaviours. CNS drugs, 22(12), 1021–1036. https://doi.org/10.2165/0023210-200822120-00005 Drummond, D. C., Cooper, T., & Glautier, S. P. (1990). Conditioned learning in alcohol dependence: implications for cue exposure treatment. British Journal of Addiction, 85(6), 725–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01685.x Epstein, D. H., Marrone, G. F., Heishman, S. J., Schmittner, J., & Preston, K. L. (2010). Tobacco, cocaine, and heroin: Craving and use during daily life. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 318–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.11.003 Espie, C. A., Broomfield, N. M., MacMahon, K. M., Macphee, L. M., & Taylor, L. M. (2006). The attention-intention-effort pathway in the development of psychophysiologic insomnia: a theoretical review. Sleep Medicine Review, 10(4), 215-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2006.03.002 Fatseas, M., Denis, C., Massida, Z., Verger, M., Franques-Rénéric, P., & Auriacombe, M. (2011). Cue-induced reactivity, cortisol response and substance use outcome in treated heroin dependent individuals. Biological Psychiatry, 70(8), 720–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.015 Fichten, C. S., Libman, E., Creti, L., Amsel, R., Tagalakis, V., & Brender, W. (1998). Thoughts during awake times in older good and poor sleepers: The Self-Statement Test:60+. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018756618012 Ford, E. S., Cunningham, T. J., Giles, W. H., & Croft, J. B. (2015). Trends in insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness among U.S. adults from 2002 to 2012. Sleep Medicine, 16(3), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.008 Frankenhaeuser, M. (1980). Psychobiological Aspects of Life Stress. Coping and Health, 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1042-6_10 Fronk, G. E., Sant'Ana, S. J., Kaye, J. T., & Curtin, J. J. (2020). Stress Allostasis in Substance Use Disorders: Promise, Progress, and Emerging Priorities in Clinical Research. Annual review of clinical psychology, 16, 401–430. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-102419-125016 Greeley, J.D., Swift, W., & Heather, N. (1992). Depressed affect as a predictor of increased desire for alcohol in current drinkers of alcohol. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 1005–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb03117.x Grüsser, S. M., Mörsen, C. P., Wölfling, K., & Flor, H. (2007). The relationship of stress, coping, effect expectancies and craving. European Addiction Research, 13, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1159/000095813 Gunter, R. G., Szeto, E. H., Suh, S., Kim, Y., Jeong, S. H., & Waters, A. J. (2020). Associations between affect, craving, and smoking in Korean smokers: An ecological momentary assessment study. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 12, 100301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100301 Hallgren, K. A., Delker, B. C., & Simpson, T. L. (2018). Effects of Initiating Abstinence from Alcohol on Daily Craving and Negative Affect: Results from a Pharmacotherapy Clinical Trial. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 42(3), 634–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13591 Harvey, A. G. (2000). Pre-sleep cognitive activity: a comparison of sleep-onset insomniacs and good sleepers. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466500163284 Higgins, R. L., & Marlatt, G. A. (1975). Fear of interpersonal evaluation as a determinant of alcohol consumption in male social drinkers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84(6), 644–651. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.84.6.644 Hintze, J. P., & Edinger, J. D. (2018). Hypnotic Discontinuation in Chronic Insomnia. Sleep medicine clinics, 13(2), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2018.02.008 Hsiao, F.-Y., Hsieh, P.-H., & Gau, C.-S. (2013). Ten-year trend in prescriptions of z-hypnotics among the elderly: a nationwide, cross-sectional study in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Gerontology Geriatrics, 4, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcgg.2012.12.001 Hyman, S. M., Fox, H., Hong, K. A., Doebrick, C., & Sinha, R. (2007). Stress and drug- cue-induced craving in opioid-dependent individuals in naltrexone treatment. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15(2), 134–143. http://doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.15.2.134 Jacobs, G. D., Pace-Schott, E. F., Stickgold, R., & Otto, M. W. (2004). Cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial and direct comparison. Archives of internal medicine, 164(17), 1888–1896. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.17.1888 Jen, C. H., Yang, C. M., Chen, C. W., Yu, H. T., Lai, Y. S., Lee, H. C., & Sung, J. Y. (2019). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Hypnotic-Use Urge Scale. Sleep Biological Rhythms, 17, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-018-0183-5 Kao, C. C., Huang, C. J., Wang, M. Y., & Tsai, P. S. (2008). Insomnia: prevalence and its impact on excessive daytime sleepiness and psychological well-being in the adult Taiwanese population. Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 17(8), 1073–1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-008-9383-9 Kassam, A., & Patten, S. B. (2006). Hypnotic use in a population-based sample of over thirty- five thousand interviewed Canadians. Population Health Metrics, 4, 15–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-7954-4-15 Khantzian E. J. (1997). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications. Harvard review of psychiatry, 4(5), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.3109/10673229709030550 Konopka, A., Pełka-Wysiecka, J., Grzywacz, A., & Samochowiec, J. (2013). Psychosocial characteristics of benzodiazepine addicts compared to not addicted benzodiazepine users. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biological Psychiatry, 40, 229–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.09.001 Kurko, T. A. T., Saastamoinen, L. K., Tähkäpää, S., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Taiminen, T., Tiihonen, J., Airaksinen, M. S., & Hietala, H. (2015). Long-term use of benzodiazepines: definitions, prevalence and usage patterns - a systematic review of register-based studies. European Psychiatry, 30(8), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.003 Lader, M., Tylee, A., & Donoghue, J. (2009). Withdrawing benzodiazepines in primary care. CNS Drugs, 23(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.2165/0023210-200923010-00002 Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer, New York. Littner, M., Kushida, C. A., Anderson, W. M., Bailey, D., Berry, R. B., Davila, D. G., Hirshkowitz, M., Kapen, S., Kramer, M., Loube, D., Wise, M., Johnson, S. F., & Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2003). Practice parameters for the role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms: an update for 2002. Sleep, 26(3), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.3.337 Lou, B. X., & Oks, M. (2021). Insomnia: Pharmacologic Treatment. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 37(3), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2021.04.003 Lovallo, W. (2016). Health implications of exaggerated and blunted stress reactivity. In Stress and health (pp. 227-252). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801390.n11 Lugoboni, F., Mirijello, A., Faccini, M., Casari, R., Cossari, A., Musi, G., Bissoli, G., Quaglio, G., & Addolorato, G. (2014). Quality of life in a cohort of high-dose benzodiazepine dependent patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 142, 105–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.020 Marlatt, G. A. (1985). Cognitive factors in the relapse process. Relapse Prevention, 128–200. McHugh, R. K., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Griffin, M. L., Anton, R. F., & Weiss, R. D. (2016). Association between a brief alcohol craving measure and drinking in the following week. Addiction, 111(6), 1004–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13311. McHugh, R. K., Korte, F. M., McCarthy, M. D., & Geyer, R. B. (2022). A pilot study of benzodiazepine cue-induced craving. Drug and alcohol dependence, 235, 109443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109443 McHugh, R. K., Park, S., & Weiss, R. D. (2014). Cue-induced craving in dependence upon prescription opioids and heroin. The American journal on addictions, 23(5), 453–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12129.x Mets, M. A., de Vries, J. M., de Senerpont Domis, L. M., Volkerts, E. R., Olivier, B., & Verster, J. C. (2011). Next-day effects of ramelteon (8 mg), zopiclone (7.5 mg), and placebo on highway driving performance, memory functioning, psychomotor performance, and mood in healthy adult subjects. Sleep, 34(10), 1327–1334. https://doi.org/10.5665/SLEEP.1272 Mol, A. J., Gorgels, W. J., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Breteler, M. H., van Balkom, A. J., van de Lisdonk, E. H., Kan, C. C., & Zitman, F. G. (2005). Associations of benzodiazepine craving with other clinical variables in a population of general practice patients. Comprehensive psychiatry, 46(5), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.01.002 Mol, A. J., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Gorgels, W. J., Breteler, M. H., van Balkom, A. J., van de Lisdonk, E. H., Kan, C. C., Mulder, J., & Zitman, F. G. (2006). The absence of benzodiazepine craving in a general practice benzodiazepine discontinuation trial. Addictive behaviors, 31(2), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.04.024 Mol, A. J., Voshaar, R. C. O., Gorgels, W. J., Breteler, M. H., Balkom, A. J. v., Lisdonk, E. H. v. d., Kann, C. C., & Zitman, F. G. (2007). The role of craving in relapse after discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine use. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(12), 1894-1900. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v68n1209 Mol, A., Voshaar, R., Gorgels, W., Breteler, M., van Balkom, A., van de Lisdonk, E., van der Ven, A. H. G. S. & Zitman, F. G. (2003). Development and psychometric evalua- tion of the Benzodiazepine Craving Questionnaire. Addiction, 98, 1143–1152. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00428.x Montgomery, P., Lilly, J. (2007). Insomnia in the elderly. BMJ Clinical Evidence, 10, 1–16. Moran, L. M., Kowalczyk, W. J., Phillips, K. A., Vahabzadeh, M., Lin, J. L., Mezghanni, M., Epstein, D. H., & Preston, K. L. (2018). Sex differences in daily life stress and craving in opioid-dependent patients. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 44(5), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2018.1454934 Morgan, K., Dixon, S., Mathers, N., Thompson, J., & Tomeny, M. (2003). Psychological treatment for insomnia in the management of long-term hypnotic drug use: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of General Practice, 53(497), 923–928. Morin, C. M. (1993). Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management. Guilford Press. Morin, C. M., Bastien, C., Guay, B., Radouco-Thomas, M., Leblanc, J., & Vallières, A. (2004). Randomized clinical trial of supervised tapering and cognitive behavior therapy to facilitate benzodiazepine discontinuation in older adults with chronic insomnia. The American journal of psychiatry, 161(2), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.332 Morin, C. M., Bélanger, L., & Bernier, F. (2004). Correlates of benzodiazepine use in individuals with insomnia. Sleep Medicine, 5, 457–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2004.04.001 Morin, C. M., Bélanger, L., Bastien, C., & Vallières, A. (2005). Long-term outcome after discontinuation of benzodiazepines for insomnia: a survival analysis of relapse. Behaviour Research, 43, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.002 Morin, C. M., Colecchi, C., Stone, J., Stood, R., & Brink, D. (1999). Behavioral and pharmacological therapies for late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 991–999. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.11.991 Morin, C. M., Jarrin, D. C., Ivers, H., Mérette, C., LeBlanc, M., & Savard, J. (2020). Incidence, Persistence, and Remission Rates of Insomnia Over 5 Years. JAMA network open, 3(11), e2018782. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18782 Morin, C. M., LeBlanc, M., Daley, M., Gregoire, J., & Mérette, C. (2006). Epidemiology of insomnia: prevalence, self-help treatments, consultations, and determinants of help- seeking behaviors. Sleep Medicine, 7, 123–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2005.08.008 Myin‐Germeys, I., Peeters, F., Havermans, R., Nicolson, N., DeVries, M. W., Delespaul, P., & Van Os, J. (2003). Emotional reactivity to daily life stress in psychosis and affective disorder: an experience sampling study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107(2), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.02025.x National Institutes of Health (2005). National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference statement on Manifestations and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults, June 13-15, 2005. Sleep, 28(9), 1049–1057. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/28.9.1049 Nordfjærn, T., Bjerkeset, O., Bratberg, G., Moylan, S., Berk, M., & Gråwe, R. (2014). Sociodemographic, lifestyle and psychological predictors of benzodiazepine and z-hypnotic use patterns. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 68, 107–116. https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2013.775342 O'Connor, K. P., Marchand, A., Bélanger, L., Mainguy, N., Landry, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Dupuis, G., Harel, F., & Lachance, L. (2004). Psychological distress and adaptational problems associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal and outcome: a replication. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 583–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.01.001 Omvik, S., Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Sivertsen, B., Havik, O. E., & Nordhus, I. H. (2010). Patient characteristics and predictors of sleep medication use. International clinical psychopharmacology, 25, 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1097/yic.0b013e328334e5e6 Panlilio, L. V., Stull, S. W., Kowalczyk, W. J., Phillips, K. A., Schroeder, J. R., Bertz, J. W., Vahabzadeh, M., Lin, J., Mezghanni, M., Nunes, E. V., Epstein, D. H., & Preston, K. L. (2019). Stress, craving and mood as predictors of early dropout from opioid agonist T therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 202(1), 200¬–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.026 Parr, J. M., Kavanagh, D. J., Cahill, L., Mitchell, G., & Young, R. M. (2009). Effectiveness of current treatment approaches for benzodiazepine discontinuation: a meta-analysis. Addiction, 104(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02364.x Pe ́tursson, H. (1994). The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Addiction, 89(11), 1455–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03743.x Petit, G., Luminet, O., de Sousa Uva, M. C., Monhonval, P., Leclercq, S., Spilliaert, Q., Zammit, F., Maurage, P., & de Timary, P. (2017). Gender Differences in Affects and Craving in Alcohol-Dependence: A Study During Alcohol Detoxification. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 41(2), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13292 Piazza, P. V., & Le Moal, M. L. (1996). Pathophysiological basis of vulnerability to drug abuse: role of an interaction between stress, glucocorticoids, and dopaminergic neurons. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 36, 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.002043 Picton, J. D., Marino, A. B., & Nealy, K. L. (2018). Benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline in the elderly. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 75(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp160381 Pombo, S., Figueira, M. L., Walter, H., & Lesch, O. (2016). Motivational factors and negative affectivity as predictors of alcohol craving. Psychiatry Research, 243, 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.064 Pomerleau, C. S., & Pomerleau, O. F. (1987). The effects of a psychological stressor on cigarette smoking and subsequent behavioral and physiological responses. Psychophysiology, 24(3), 278–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00295.x Qaseem, A., Kansagara, D., Forciea, M. A., Cooke, M., & Denberg, T. D. (2016). Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 165(2), 125–33. https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2175 Ramsey, N. F., & Van Ree, J. M. (1993). Emotional but not physical stress enhances intravenous cocaine self-administration in drug-naive rats. Brain research, 608(2), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91461-z Riemann, D., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C., Bjorvatn, B., Groselj, L. D., Ellis, J. G., Espie, C. A., Garcia-Borreguero, D., Gjerstad, M., Gonçalves, M., Hertenstein, E., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Jennum, P. J., Leger, D., Nissen, C., Parrino, L., Paunio, T., Pevernagie, Verbraecken, J., … Spiegelhalder, K. (2017). European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(6), 675–700. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12594 Robinson, T., & Berridge, K. (1993). The neural basis of craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18(3), 247–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-P Roehrs, T., Bonahoom, A., Pedrosi, B., Rosenthal, L., & Roth, T. (2002). Disturbed sleep predicts hypnotic self-administration. Sleep Medicine, 3, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9457(01)00125-3 Roehrs, T., Zorick, F., Wittig, R., & Roth, T. (1985). Efficacy of a reduced triazolam dose in elderly insomniacs. Neurobiology of Aging, 6(4), 293–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(85)90006-5 Roth, T., Coulouvrat, C., Hajak, G., Lakoma, M. D., Sampson, N. A., Shahly, V., Shillington, A. C., Stephenson, J. J., Walsh, J. K., & Kessler, R. C. (2011). Prevalence and perceived health associated with insomnia based on DSM-IV- TR; International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision; and research diagnostic criteria/international classification of sleep disorders, second edition criteria: results from the America insomnia survey. Biological Psychiatry, 69(6), 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.023 Sadeh, A., Hauri, P. J., Kripke, D. F., & Lavie, P. (1995). The role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders. Sleep, 18(4), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.4.288 Sateia, M. J., Buysse, D. J., Krystal, A. D., Neubauer, D. N., & Heald, J. L. (2017). Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13, 307–49. http://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6470 Schneekloth, T. D., Biernacka, J. M., Hall-Flavin, D. K., Karpyak, V. M., Frye, M. A., Loukianova, L. L., Stevens, S. R., Drews, M. S., Geske, J. R., Mrazek, D. A., & MD, & FRCPsych. (2012). Alcohol Craving as a Predictor of Relapse. The American Journal on Addictions, 21, 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00297.x Schutte-Rodin, S., Broch, L., Buysse, D., Dorsey, C., & Sateia, M. (2008). Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Journal of Sleep Medicine, 4(5), 487–504. Serrea, F., Fatseasa, M., Swendsena, J., & Auriacombea, M. (2015). Ecological momentary assessment in the investigation of craving and substance use in daily life: A systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.024 Shaham, Y., Stewart, J. (1995). Stress reinstates heroin-seeking in drug-free animals: An effect mimicking heroin, not withdrawal. Psychopharmacology, 119, 334–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02246300 Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Hergueta, T., Baker, R., & Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 59 Suppl 20, 22–57. Sher, K. J. (1987). Stress response dampening In Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism, ed. Blane HT, Leonard KE, pp. 227–71. New York: Guilford. Shiffman S. (1982). Relapse following smoking cessation: a situational analysis. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 50(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.50.1.71 Shiffman, S., Stone, A. A., & Hufford, M. R. (2008). Ecological Momentary Assessment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415 Shiyko, M. P., & Ram, N. (2011). Conceptualizing and estimating process speed in studies employing ecological momentary assessment designs: A multilevel variance decomposition approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(6), 875-899. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.625310 Sinha, R. (2007). The role of stress in addiction relapse. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9(5), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-007-0050-6 Skinner, M. D., & Aubin, H. J. (2010). Craving's place in addiction theory: contributions of the major models. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(4), 606–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.024 Spoormaker, V. I., Verbeek, I., van den Bout, J., & Klip, E. C. (2005). Initial validation of the SLEEP-50 questionnaire. Behavioral sleep medicine, 3(4), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15402010bsm0304_4 Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984). Role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91(2), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.91.2.251 Tiffany, S. T. (1990). A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: role of automatic and nonautomatic processes. Psychological Review, 97, 147–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.2.147 Tiffany, S. T. (1999). Cognitive concepts of craving. Alcohol Research & Health, 23(3), 215–224. Tiffany, S. T., & Drobes, D. J. (1991). The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges. British journal of addiction, 86(11), 1467–1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01732.x Tiffany, S. T., & Drobes, D. J. (1991). The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges. British Journal of Addiction, 86(11), 1467–1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01732.x Treves, N., Perlman, A., Geron, L. K., Asaly, A, & Matok, I. (2018). Z-drugs and risk for falls and fractures in older adults-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing, 47(2), 201–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afx167 Tseng, H. Y., Yu, S. H., Lee, C. Y., Huang, W. H., Huang, S. L., Wu, C. S., Chiu, Y. F., & Hsiung, C. A. (2018). Sedative–hypnotic drug use among community-dwelling elderly in Taiwan. International Psychogeriatrics, 30, 957–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610217002940 Vgontzas AN, Kales A, Bixler EO, & Myers, D. C. (1994). Temazepam 7.5 mg: effects on sleep in elderly insomniacs. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 46(3), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192550. Wemm, S. E., Larkin, C., Hermes, G., Tennen, H., & Sinha, R. (2019). A day-by-day prospective analysis of stress, craving and risk of next day T alcohol intake during alcohol use disorder treatment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 204, 107569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107569 Yang, C. M., Lai, Y. S., Huang, Y. H., Huang, Y. C., & Lee, H. C. (2022). Predicting Hypnotic Use among Insomnia Patients with the Theory of Planned Behavior and Craving. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 12(7), 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070209 Yang, C. M., Lin, Y. S., Tu, A. Y., Huang, Y. C., & Sung, J. Y. (2020). Attentional Bias Assessed With Event-Related Potentials in Long-term Hypnotic Users. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 40(4),391–395. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001216 Yang, C. M., Spielman, A. J., & Glovinsky, P. (2006). Nonpharmacologic strategies in the management of insomnia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29(4), 895–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2006.09.005 Zammit, G. (2009). Comparative tolerability of newer agents for insomnia. Drug Safety, 32(9), 735–748. https://doi.org/10.2165/11312920-000000000-00000 Zandstra, S., Van Rijswijk, E., Rijnders, C., Van De Lisdonk, E., Bor, J., Van Weel, C., & Zitman. (2004). Long-term benzodiazepine users in family practice: differences from short-term users in mental health, coping behaviour and psychological characteristics. Family Practice, 21, 266–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmh309
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
109752007
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109752007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 楊建銘zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yang, Chien-Mingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳宇婷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Yu-Tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳宇婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Yu-Tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Jun-2024 11:45:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Jun-2024 11:45:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Jun-2024 11:45:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109752007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/151512-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109752007zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 研究目的：渴想在物質使用和戒斷後的復發扮演重要的角色，雖然安眠藥的使用與其他成癮物質的使用不同，但過去研究顯示安眠藥在長期使用下仍會出現對安眠藥物的渴想。本研究旨在進一步探討安眠藥物渴想的相關因素，透過部分減藥的操弄與每日的評估，以瞭解減藥、情緒與壓力以及睡眠狀況與安眠藥渴想的關聯性。 研究方法：研究招募33位長期服用安眠藥的失眠者（男：女＝15：18；平均年齡41.6歲，標準差11.55歲），進行七天基礎期以及七天減藥期共兩週的研究。在研究期間，研究者每天透過社群媒體（LINE官方帳號）發送線上問卷連結，請研究參與者紀錄其安眠藥渴想、壓力程度、情緒價性（正負向情緒）、情緒強度（激發程度）以及各式睡眠指標。資料分析以階層線性模型（Hierarchical Linear Modeling）來區分受試者間與受試者內的預測效果。 研究結果：研究結果發現，減藥期並不會讓研究參與者經驗到更高程度的渴想，但相較基礎期有較負向的情緒以及較差的睡眠品質。受試者內之平均情緒價性（β = -0.24, p = .03）、睡前情緒價性（β = -0.21, p < .01）可預測當天的安眠藥渴想；且減藥期在睡前情緒價性具有調節效果（β = 0.25, p = .01），顯示睡前情緒價性僅在基礎期對渴想具有預測力，在減藥期則無。此外，安眠藥渴想具有個體差異的特性，若參與者失眠嚴重程度指標較高，與睡眠有關的受試者間因素較能夠預測渴想（例如，更負向的睡前情緒價性、更強烈的睡前情緒強度、更差的白天精神）；若參與者失眠嚴重程度指標較低，與情緒有關的受試者內因素較能夠預測渴想（例如，更高的壓力程度、較低的情緒強度）。 結論：本研究顯示，渴想不會因為部分減藥而提升。在安眠藥渴想的預測因素方面，從受試者內的資料顯示，個人經驗到的情緒狀態能夠預測安眠藥的渴想；然而從受試者間的資料顯示，渴想不會因個體之間的狀態而有所不同；與睡眠有關之因素則對渴想無顯著預測力。整體而言，安眠藥物的渴想與物質使用有類似之特性，會受到情緒及壓力等非睡眠因素及非藥物本身的因素所影響。再者，若有專業人員協助下減藥，能減少渴想的阻礙。未來在協助失眠者減藥時，應考量其渴想的特性、失眠嚴重程度，以及日常壓力及情緒變化的重要性。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Background:Craving plays a crucial role in the persistence and relapse of substance use. While the use of hypnotics may differ from addictive substances, previous research has reported that long-term use of hypnotics is associated with a craving for hypnotics among individuals with insomnia. The current study aimed to further explore the factors associated with hypnotic craving. By manipulating partial tapering and collecting daily measures, this study investigated the relationship between hypnotic craving and hypnotic tapering, stress, emotions, as well as sleep. Method:Thirty-three participants (Male: Female= 15: 18; age= 41.6±11.55) with insomnia disorder, who had been taking hypnotics for over three months, were recruited for a two-week study consisting of a seven-day usual dosage phase and a seven-day reduced dosage phase. Throughout the study, participants were asked to record their level of hypnotic craving, stress, emotion valence (positive and negative emotions), emotion arousal and to keep a sleep diary every day. Data were collected through responses to questions delivered via a social media app (Line). Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was employed to examine the relationship between emotion, sleep and craving, for both between-subject and within-subject associations. Results:The findings revealed that participants did not experience heightened craving during the reduced dosage phase compared to the usual dosage phase. However, they reported higher negative emotions and poorer sleep quality during the reduced dosage phase. At the intra-individual level, daily emotional valence (β = -0.24, p = .03) and bedtime emotional valence (β = -0.21, p < .01) were associated with craving. Reducing hypnotic dosage had a moderating effect on bedtime emotional valence (β = 0.25, p = .01), indicating that bedtime emotional valence was predictive only during the usual dosage phase and not during the reduced dosage phase. Furthermore, individual differences were observed in hypnotic craving. Sleep-related predictors (e.g., more negative bedtime emotional valence, heightened bedtime emotional arousal, and poorer daytime vitality) were associated with carving at the between-subject level among participants with higher insomnia severity index (ISI) scores; while emotion-related predictors (e.g., elevated daily stress level and reduced daily emotion arousal) were associated with craving at the within-subject level among participants with lower ISI scores. Conclusions:This study showed that partial tapering of hypnotics did not lead to an increase of hypnotic craving. Regarding predictors of hypnotic craving, negatively-weighted emotions correlated with heightened craving at the within-subject level, while craving did not fluctuated based on emotions at the between-subject level; also, sleep-related factors did not exhibit significantly correlations with increased craving. These results indicated that hypnotic craving shared similarities with substance use, as it was affected by stress and emotions rather than sleep or the hypnotic itself. These findings underscored the advantages of tapering with professional guidance, and the importance of incorporating the management of emotions and stress in reducing craving for hypnotics in individuals with insomnia.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 前言 1 第二章 文獻回顧 4 第一節 失眠與藥物治療 4 第二節 長期使用安眠藥的特性與心理歷程 7 （一） 安眠藥物使用的個別差異 7 （二） 安眠藥物使用的心理歷程 9 （三） 安眠藥物使用的情境信念 10 第三節 壓力、負向情緒、渴想與物質使用行為之關聯 12 （一） 渴想理論 12 （二） 渴想與物質使用行為之關聯 14 （三） 壓力、負向情緒與渴想對物質使用的影響 16 第四節 壓力、負向情緒、渴想與安眠藥使用行為之關聯 20 （一） 安眠藥物與物質使用的異同 20 （二） 渴想與安眠藥物使用之關聯 21 （三） 壓力、負向情緒與渴想對安眠藥物使用的影響 23 （四） 壓力、負向情緒與安眠藥物使用之關聯 24 （五） 渴想對安眠藥物減藥的影響 25 第五節 研究問題與研究假設 27 第三章 研究方法 31 第一節 研究參與者 31 第二節 研究程序 32 第三節 研究工具 34 第四節 資料處理與統計分析 40 第四章 研究結果 45 第一節 研究參與者在各項指標之描述性統計 45 第二節 研究問題一：減藥期與基礎期之差異 50 第三節 研究問題二：壓力及情緒對安眠藥渴想之預測效果 55 第四節 研究問題三：睡眠對安眠藥渴想的預測效果 59 第五章 討論 61 第一節 減藥期的效果 62 第二節 安眠藥渴想的個別差異 63 第三節 失眠嚴重程度與安眠藥渴想 66 第四節 安眠藥渴想的特性 69 第五節 研究限制與建議 71 第六節 臨床應用 71 參考文獻 73 附錄 90zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5467494 bytes-
dc.format.extent 5467491 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109752007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 安眠藥zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 渴想zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 每日測量zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hypnoticsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cravingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Daily measuresen_US
dc.title (題名) 以每日情緒及睡眠紀錄探討安眠藥物渴想的預測因子zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Predictability of Hypnotic Craving Based on Emotion and Sleep with Daily Measuresen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院衛生署（2007）。苯二氮平類（Benzodiazepines）藥品用於鎮靜安眠之使用指引。 李昇晃（2019）。安眠藥使用頻率的發展軌跡與其相關因子：電話追蹤研究〔碩士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 沈武典（2001）。醫院院所Benzodiazepine藥物不當使用的初步分析。行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局九十年度委託科技研究計劃報告。台北市；台北醫院。 車先蕙、盧孟良、陳錫中、張尚文、李宇宙（2006）。中文版貝克焦慮量表之信效度。台灣醫學，10(4)，447—454。 https://doi.org/10.6320/FJM.2006.10(4).05 林郁秀（2015）。以注意力偏誤探討負向情感對安眠藥物的渴求之影響〔碩士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 陳心怡（2000）。貝克憂鬱量表第二版（BDI-II）中文版。台北：中國行為科學社。 陳昌偉（2014）。安眠藥物長期使用型態之探討〔博士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 陳琬渝（2013）。以失眠的認知模型探討失眠患者每日睡眠與情緒狀態的關聯性〔碩士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 楊建銘、許世杰、林詩淳、周映妤、陳瑩明（2009期數/2011出版）。失眠嚴重度量表中文版的信、效度探討 (Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of insomnia severity index). 臨床心理學刊 (Archives of Clinical Psychology)，4(2)，95—104。 衛生福利部中央健康保險署（107年）。藥品使用量分析。https://www.nhi.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=5AA7CAFFF61CB16D&topn=3FC7D09599D25979 賴羽琁（2015）。以計劃行為理論及渴想探討長期助眠藥物使用之心理因素〔碩士論文，國立政治大學心理學系〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 國家衛生研究院（110年5月）。臺灣鎮靜安眠藥不當使用之防治策略建言書。財團法人國家衛生研究院。 Atkin, T., Comai, S., & Gobbi, G. (2018). Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery. Pharmacological reviews, 70(2), 197–245. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.117.014381 Almeida, D. M., Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2002). The Daily Inventory of Stressful Events: An interview-based approach for measuring daily stressors. Assessment, 9(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191102009001006 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author. Back, S. E., Gros, D. F., McCauley, J. L., Flanagan, J. C., Cox, E., Barth, K. S., & Brady, K. T. (2014). Laboratory-induced cue reactivity among individuals with prescription opioid dependence. Addictive behaviors, 39(8), 1217–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.007 Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R., & Fiore, M. C. (2004). Addiction Motivation Reformulated: An Affective Processing Model of Negative Reinforcement. Psychological Review, 111(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.33 Baker, T., Morse, E., & Sherman, J. (1986). The motivation to use drugs: a psychobiological analysis of urges. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 34, 257–323. Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep medicine, 2(4), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893 Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Bélanger, L., Belleville, G., & Morin, C. M. (2009). Management of hypnotic discontinuation in chronic insomnia. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 4(4), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2009.07.011 Belleville, G., Guay, C., Guay, B., & Morin, C. M. (2007). Hypnotic taper with or without self-help treatment of insomnia: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 75(2), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.75.2.325 Bradley, M. M. & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9 Buysse, D. J., Thompson, W., Scott, J., Franzen, P. L., Germain, A., Hall, M., Douglas, E. M., Eric, A. N., & Kupfer, D. J. (2007). Daytime symptoms in primary insomnia: a prospective analysis using ecological momentary assessment. Sleep Medicine, 8(3), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2006.10.006 Bylsma, L. M., Taylor-Clift, A., & Rottenberg, J. (2011). Emotional reactivity to daily events in major and minor depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(1), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021662 Carskadon, M. A., Seidel, W. F., Greenblatt, D. J., & Dement, W. C. (1982). Daytime carryover of triazolam and flurazepam in elderly insomniacs. Sleep, 5(4), 361–371. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/5.4.361. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587 Charles, J., Harrison, C., & Britt, H. (2009). Insomnia. Australian Family Physician, 38, 283–283. Chen, C.W., Yang, C.M., Lin, Y.S., & Tsai, Y.L. (2016). Qualitative Study of Long-Term Sedative-Hypnotic use Patterns. Journal of Sleep Disorders: Treatment Care, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9639.1000184 Chiu, H. Y. , Lee, H. C., Liu, J. W., Hua, S. J., Chen, P. Y., Tsai, P., S., & Tu, Y. K. (2020). Comparative efficacy and safety of hypnotics for insomnia in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Sleep, 44(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa260 Cooney, N. L., Litt, M. D., Morse, P. A., Bauer, L. O., & Gaupp, L. (1997). Alcohol cue reactivity, negative-mood reactivity, and relapse in treated alcoholic men. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(2), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.2.243 Cox, W. M., & Klinger, E. (1988). A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(2), 168–180. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.97.2.168 de Timary, P., de Sousa Uva, M. C., Denoël, C., Hebborn, L., Derely, M., Desseilles, M., & Luminet, O. (2013). The associations between self-consciousness, depressive state and craving to drink among alcohol dependent patients undergoing protracted withdrawal. Public Library of Science One, 8(8), 71560. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071560 Díaz-Gutiérrez, M. J., Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M., Sáez de Adana, E., Cano, A. I., Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M. T., Besga, A., Segarra, R., & González-Pinto, A. (2017). Relationship between the use of benzodiazepines and falls in older adults: a systematic review. Maturitas, 101, 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.002 Dolder, C. R., & Nelson, M. H. (2008). Hypnosedative-Induced Complex Behaviours. CNS drugs, 22(12), 1021–1036. https://doi.org/10.2165/0023210-200822120-00005 Drummond, D. C., Cooper, T., & Glautier, S. P. (1990). Conditioned learning in alcohol dependence: implications for cue exposure treatment. British Journal of Addiction, 85(6), 725–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01685.x Epstein, D. H., Marrone, G. F., Heishman, S. J., Schmittner, J., & Preston, K. L. (2010). Tobacco, cocaine, and heroin: Craving and use during daily life. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 318–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.11.003 Espie, C. A., Broomfield, N. M., MacMahon, K. M., Macphee, L. M., & Taylor, L. M. (2006). The attention-intention-effort pathway in the development of psychophysiologic insomnia: a theoretical review. Sleep Medicine Review, 10(4), 215-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2006.03.002 Fatseas, M., Denis, C., Massida, Z., Verger, M., Franques-Rénéric, P., & Auriacombe, M. (2011). Cue-induced reactivity, cortisol response and substance use outcome in treated heroin dependent individuals. Biological Psychiatry, 70(8), 720–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.015 Fichten, C. S., Libman, E., Creti, L., Amsel, R., Tagalakis, V., & Brender, W. (1998). Thoughts during awake times in older good and poor sleepers: The Self-Statement Test:60+. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018756618012 Ford, E. S., Cunningham, T. J., Giles, W. H., & Croft, J. B. (2015). Trends in insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness among U.S. adults from 2002 to 2012. Sleep Medicine, 16(3), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.008 Frankenhaeuser, M. (1980). Psychobiological Aspects of Life Stress. Coping and Health, 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1042-6_10 Fronk, G. E., Sant'Ana, S. J., Kaye, J. T., & Curtin, J. J. (2020). Stress Allostasis in Substance Use Disorders: Promise, Progress, and Emerging Priorities in Clinical Research. Annual review of clinical psychology, 16, 401–430. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-102419-125016 Greeley, J.D., Swift, W., & Heather, N. (1992). Depressed affect as a predictor of increased desire for alcohol in current drinkers of alcohol. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 1005–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb03117.x Grüsser, S. M., Mörsen, C. P., Wölfling, K., & Flor, H. (2007). The relationship of stress, coping, effect expectancies and craving. European Addiction Research, 13, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1159/000095813 Gunter, R. G., Szeto, E. H., Suh, S., Kim, Y., Jeong, S. H., & Waters, A. J. (2020). Associations between affect, craving, and smoking in Korean smokers: An ecological momentary assessment study. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 12, 100301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100301 Hallgren, K. A., Delker, B. C., & Simpson, T. L. (2018). Effects of Initiating Abstinence from Alcohol on Daily Craving and Negative Affect: Results from a Pharmacotherapy Clinical Trial. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 42(3), 634–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13591 Harvey, A. G. (2000). Pre-sleep cognitive activity: a comparison of sleep-onset insomniacs and good sleepers. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466500163284 Higgins, R. L., & Marlatt, G. A. (1975). Fear of interpersonal evaluation as a determinant of alcohol consumption in male social drinkers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84(6), 644–651. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.84.6.644 Hintze, J. P., & Edinger, J. D. (2018). Hypnotic Discontinuation in Chronic Insomnia. Sleep medicine clinics, 13(2), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2018.02.008 Hsiao, F.-Y., Hsieh, P.-H., & Gau, C.-S. (2013). Ten-year trend in prescriptions of z-hypnotics among the elderly: a nationwide, cross-sectional study in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Gerontology Geriatrics, 4, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcgg.2012.12.001 Hyman, S. M., Fox, H., Hong, K. A., Doebrick, C., & Sinha, R. (2007). Stress and drug- cue-induced craving in opioid-dependent individuals in naltrexone treatment. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15(2), 134–143. http://doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.15.2.134 Jacobs, G. D., Pace-Schott, E. F., Stickgold, R., & Otto, M. W. (2004). Cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial and direct comparison. Archives of internal medicine, 164(17), 1888–1896. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.17.1888 Jen, C. H., Yang, C. M., Chen, C. W., Yu, H. T., Lai, Y. S., Lee, H. C., & Sung, J. Y. (2019). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Hypnotic-Use Urge Scale. Sleep Biological Rhythms, 17, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-018-0183-5 Kao, C. C., Huang, C. J., Wang, M. Y., & Tsai, P. S. (2008). Insomnia: prevalence and its impact on excessive daytime sleepiness and psychological well-being in the adult Taiwanese population. Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 17(8), 1073–1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-008-9383-9 Kassam, A., & Patten, S. B. (2006). Hypnotic use in a population-based sample of over thirty- five thousand interviewed Canadians. Population Health Metrics, 4, 15–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-7954-4-15 Khantzian E. J. (1997). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications. Harvard review of psychiatry, 4(5), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.3109/10673229709030550 Konopka, A., Pełka-Wysiecka, J., Grzywacz, A., & Samochowiec, J. (2013). Psychosocial characteristics of benzodiazepine addicts compared to not addicted benzodiazepine users. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biological Psychiatry, 40, 229–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.09.001 Kurko, T. A. T., Saastamoinen, L. K., Tähkäpää, S., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Taiminen, T., Tiihonen, J., Airaksinen, M. S., & Hietala, H. (2015). Long-term use of benzodiazepines: definitions, prevalence and usage patterns - a systematic review of register-based studies. European Psychiatry, 30(8), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.003 Lader, M., Tylee, A., & Donoghue, J. (2009). Withdrawing benzodiazepines in primary care. CNS Drugs, 23(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.2165/0023210-200923010-00002 Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer, New York. Littner, M., Kushida, C. A., Anderson, W. M., Bailey, D., Berry, R. B., Davila, D. G., Hirshkowitz, M., Kapen, S., Kramer, M., Loube, D., Wise, M., Johnson, S. F., & Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2003). Practice parameters for the role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms: an update for 2002. Sleep, 26(3), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.3.337 Lou, B. X., & Oks, M. (2021). Insomnia: Pharmacologic Treatment. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 37(3), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2021.04.003 Lovallo, W. (2016). Health implications of exaggerated and blunted stress reactivity. In Stress and health (pp. 227-252). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801390.n11 Lugoboni, F., Mirijello, A., Faccini, M., Casari, R., Cossari, A., Musi, G., Bissoli, G., Quaglio, G., & Addolorato, G. (2014). Quality of life in a cohort of high-dose benzodiazepine dependent patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 142, 105–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.020 Marlatt, G. A. (1985). Cognitive factors in the relapse process. Relapse Prevention, 128–200. McHugh, R. K., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Griffin, M. L., Anton, R. F., & Weiss, R. D. (2016). Association between a brief alcohol craving measure and drinking in the following week. Addiction, 111(6), 1004–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13311. McHugh, R. K., Korte, F. M., McCarthy, M. D., & Geyer, R. B. (2022). A pilot study of benzodiazepine cue-induced craving. Drug and alcohol dependence, 235, 109443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109443 McHugh, R. K., Park, S., & Weiss, R. D. (2014). Cue-induced craving in dependence upon prescription opioids and heroin. The American journal on addictions, 23(5), 453–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12129.x Mets, M. A., de Vries, J. M., de Senerpont Domis, L. M., Volkerts, E. R., Olivier, B., & Verster, J. C. (2011). Next-day effects of ramelteon (8 mg), zopiclone (7.5 mg), and placebo on highway driving performance, memory functioning, psychomotor performance, and mood in healthy adult subjects. Sleep, 34(10), 1327–1334. https://doi.org/10.5665/SLEEP.1272 Mol, A. J., Gorgels, W. J., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Breteler, M. H., van Balkom, A. J., van de Lisdonk, E. H., Kan, C. C., & Zitman, F. G. (2005). Associations of benzodiazepine craving with other clinical variables in a population of general practice patients. Comprehensive psychiatry, 46(5), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.01.002 Mol, A. J., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Gorgels, W. J., Breteler, M. H., van Balkom, A. J., van de Lisdonk, E. H., Kan, C. C., Mulder, J., & Zitman, F. G. (2006). The absence of benzodiazepine craving in a general practice benzodiazepine discontinuation trial. Addictive behaviors, 31(2), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.04.024 Mol, A. J., Voshaar, R. C. O., Gorgels, W. J., Breteler, M. H., Balkom, A. J. v., Lisdonk, E. H. v. d., Kann, C. C., & Zitman, F. G. (2007). The role of craving in relapse after discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine use. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(12), 1894-1900. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v68n1209 Mol, A., Voshaar, R., Gorgels, W., Breteler, M., van Balkom, A., van de Lisdonk, E., van der Ven, A. H. G. S. & Zitman, F. G. (2003). Development and psychometric evalua- tion of the Benzodiazepine Craving Questionnaire. Addiction, 98, 1143–1152. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00428.x Montgomery, P., Lilly, J. (2007). Insomnia in the elderly. BMJ Clinical Evidence, 10, 1–16. Moran, L. M., Kowalczyk, W. J., Phillips, K. A., Vahabzadeh, M., Lin, J. L., Mezghanni, M., Epstein, D. H., & Preston, K. L. (2018). Sex differences in daily life stress and craving in opioid-dependent patients. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 44(5), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2018.1454934 Morgan, K., Dixon, S., Mathers, N., Thompson, J., & Tomeny, M. (2003). Psychological treatment for insomnia in the management of long-term hypnotic drug use: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of General Practice, 53(497), 923–928. Morin, C. M. (1993). Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management. Guilford Press. Morin, C. M., Bastien, C., Guay, B., Radouco-Thomas, M., Leblanc, J., & Vallières, A. (2004). Randomized clinical trial of supervised tapering and cognitive behavior therapy to facilitate benzodiazepine discontinuation in older adults with chronic insomnia. The American journal of psychiatry, 161(2), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.332 Morin, C. M., Bélanger, L., & Bernier, F. (2004). Correlates of benzodiazepine use in individuals with insomnia. Sleep Medicine, 5, 457–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2004.04.001 Morin, C. M., Bélanger, L., Bastien, C., & Vallières, A. (2005). Long-term outcome after discontinuation of benzodiazepines for insomnia: a survival analysis of relapse. Behaviour Research, 43, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.002 Morin, C. M., Colecchi, C., Stone, J., Stood, R., & Brink, D. (1999). Behavioral and pharmacological therapies for late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 991–999. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.11.991 Morin, C. M., Jarrin, D. C., Ivers, H., Mérette, C., LeBlanc, M., & Savard, J. (2020). Incidence, Persistence, and Remission Rates of Insomnia Over 5 Years. JAMA network open, 3(11), e2018782. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18782 Morin, C. M., LeBlanc, M., Daley, M., Gregoire, J., & Mérette, C. (2006). Epidemiology of insomnia: prevalence, self-help treatments, consultations, and determinants of help- seeking behaviors. Sleep Medicine, 7, 123–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2005.08.008 Myin‐Germeys, I., Peeters, F., Havermans, R., Nicolson, N., DeVries, M. W., Delespaul, P., & Van Os, J. (2003). Emotional reactivity to daily life stress in psychosis and affective disorder: an experience sampling study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107(2), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.02025.x National Institutes of Health (2005). National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference statement on Manifestations and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults, June 13-15, 2005. Sleep, 28(9), 1049–1057. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/28.9.1049 Nordfjærn, T., Bjerkeset, O., Bratberg, G., Moylan, S., Berk, M., & Gråwe, R. (2014). Sociodemographic, lifestyle and psychological predictors of benzodiazepine and z-hypnotic use patterns. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 68, 107–116. https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2013.775342 O'Connor, K. P., Marchand, A., Bélanger, L., Mainguy, N., Landry, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Dupuis, G., Harel, F., & Lachance, L. (2004). Psychological distress and adaptational problems associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal and outcome: a replication. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 583–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.01.001 Omvik, S., Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Sivertsen, B., Havik, O. E., & Nordhus, I. H. (2010). Patient characteristics and predictors of sleep medication use. International clinical psychopharmacology, 25, 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1097/yic.0b013e328334e5e6 Panlilio, L. V., Stull, S. W., Kowalczyk, W. J., Phillips, K. A., Schroeder, J. R., Bertz, J. W., Vahabzadeh, M., Lin, J., Mezghanni, M., Nunes, E. V., Epstein, D. H., & Preston, K. L. (2019). Stress, craving and mood as predictors of early dropout from opioid agonist T therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 202(1), 200¬–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.026 Parr, J. M., Kavanagh, D. J., Cahill, L., Mitchell, G., & Young, R. M. (2009). Effectiveness of current treatment approaches for benzodiazepine discontinuation: a meta-analysis. Addiction, 104(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02364.x Pe ́tursson, H. (1994). The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Addiction, 89(11), 1455–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03743.x Petit, G., Luminet, O., de Sousa Uva, M. C., Monhonval, P., Leclercq, S., Spilliaert, Q., Zammit, F., Maurage, P., & de Timary, P. (2017). Gender Differences in Affects and Craving in Alcohol-Dependence: A Study During Alcohol Detoxification. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 41(2), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13292 Piazza, P. V., & Le Moal, M. L. (1996). Pathophysiological basis of vulnerability to drug abuse: role of an interaction between stress, glucocorticoids, and dopaminergic neurons. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 36, 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.002043 Picton, J. D., Marino, A. B., & Nealy, K. L. (2018). Benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline in the elderly. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 75(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp160381 Pombo, S., Figueira, M. L., Walter, H., & Lesch, O. (2016). Motivational factors and negative affectivity as predictors of alcohol craving. Psychiatry Research, 243, 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.064 Pomerleau, C. S., & Pomerleau, O. F. (1987). The effects of a psychological stressor on cigarette smoking and subsequent behavioral and physiological responses. Psychophysiology, 24(3), 278–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00295.x Qaseem, A., Kansagara, D., Forciea, M. A., Cooke, M., & Denberg, T. D. (2016). Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 165(2), 125–33. https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2175 Ramsey, N. F., & Van Ree, J. M. (1993). Emotional but not physical stress enhances intravenous cocaine self-administration in drug-naive rats. Brain research, 608(2), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91461-z Riemann, D., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C., Bjorvatn, B., Groselj, L. D., Ellis, J. G., Espie, C. A., Garcia-Borreguero, D., Gjerstad, M., Gonçalves, M., Hertenstein, E., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Jennum, P. J., Leger, D., Nissen, C., Parrino, L., Paunio, T., Pevernagie, Verbraecken, J., … Spiegelhalder, K. (2017). European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(6), 675–700. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12594 Robinson, T., & Berridge, K. (1993). The neural basis of craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18(3), 247–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-P Roehrs, T., Bonahoom, A., Pedrosi, B., Rosenthal, L., & Roth, T. (2002). Disturbed sleep predicts hypnotic self-administration. Sleep Medicine, 3, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9457(01)00125-3 Roehrs, T., Zorick, F., Wittig, R., & Roth, T. (1985). Efficacy of a reduced triazolam dose in elderly insomniacs. Neurobiology of Aging, 6(4), 293–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(85)90006-5 Roth, T., Coulouvrat, C., Hajak, G., Lakoma, M. D., Sampson, N. A., Shahly, V., Shillington, A. C., Stephenson, J. J., Walsh, J. K., & Kessler, R. C. (2011). Prevalence and perceived health associated with insomnia based on DSM-IV- TR; International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision; and research diagnostic criteria/international classification of sleep disorders, second edition criteria: results from the America insomnia survey. Biological Psychiatry, 69(6), 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.023 Sadeh, A., Hauri, P. J., Kripke, D. F., & Lavie, P. (1995). The role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders. Sleep, 18(4), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.4.288 Sateia, M. J., Buysse, D. J., Krystal, A. D., Neubauer, D. N., & Heald, J. L. (2017). Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13, 307–49. http://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6470 Schneekloth, T. D., Biernacka, J. M., Hall-Flavin, D. K., Karpyak, V. M., Frye, M. A., Loukianova, L. L., Stevens, S. R., Drews, M. S., Geske, J. R., Mrazek, D. A., & MD, & FRCPsych. (2012). Alcohol Craving as a Predictor of Relapse. The American Journal on Addictions, 21, 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00297.x Schutte-Rodin, S., Broch, L., Buysse, D., Dorsey, C., & Sateia, M. (2008). Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Journal of Sleep Medicine, 4(5), 487–504. Serrea, F., Fatseasa, M., Swendsena, J., & Auriacombea, M. (2015). Ecological momentary assessment in the investigation of craving and substance use in daily life: A systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.024 Shaham, Y., Stewart, J. (1995). Stress reinstates heroin-seeking in drug-free animals: An effect mimicking heroin, not withdrawal. Psychopharmacology, 119, 334–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02246300 Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Hergueta, T., Baker, R., & Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 59 Suppl 20, 22–57. Sher, K. J. (1987). Stress response dampening In Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism, ed. Blane HT, Leonard KE, pp. 227–71. New York: Guilford. Shiffman S. (1982). Relapse following smoking cessation: a situational analysis. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 50(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.50.1.71 Shiffman, S., Stone, A. A., & Hufford, M. R. (2008). Ecological Momentary Assessment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415 Shiyko, M. P., & Ram, N. (2011). Conceptualizing and estimating process speed in studies employing ecological momentary assessment designs: A multilevel variance decomposition approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(6), 875-899. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.625310 Sinha, R. (2007). The role of stress in addiction relapse. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9(5), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-007-0050-6 Skinner, M. D., & Aubin, H. J. (2010). Craving's place in addiction theory: contributions of the major models. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(4), 606–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.024 Spoormaker, V. I., Verbeek, I., van den Bout, J., & Klip, E. C. (2005). Initial validation of the SLEEP-50 questionnaire. Behavioral sleep medicine, 3(4), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15402010bsm0304_4 Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984). Role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91(2), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.91.2.251 Tiffany, S. T. (1990). A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: role of automatic and nonautomatic processes. Psychological Review, 97, 147–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.2.147 Tiffany, S. T. (1999). Cognitive concepts of craving. Alcohol Research & Health, 23(3), 215–224. Tiffany, S. T., & Drobes, D. J. (1991). The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges. British journal of addiction, 86(11), 1467–1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01732.x Tiffany, S. T., & Drobes, D. J. (1991). The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges. British Journal of Addiction, 86(11), 1467–1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01732.x Treves, N., Perlman, A., Geron, L. K., Asaly, A, & Matok, I. (2018). Z-drugs and risk for falls and fractures in older adults-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing, 47(2), 201–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afx167 Tseng, H. Y., Yu, S. H., Lee, C. Y., Huang, W. H., Huang, S. L., Wu, C. S., Chiu, Y. F., & Hsiung, C. A. (2018). Sedative–hypnotic drug use among community-dwelling elderly in Taiwan. International Psychogeriatrics, 30, 957–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610217002940 Vgontzas AN, Kales A, Bixler EO, & Myers, D. C. (1994). Temazepam 7.5 mg: effects on sleep in elderly insomniacs. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 46(3), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192550. Wemm, S. E., Larkin, C., Hermes, G., Tennen, H., & Sinha, R. (2019). A day-by-day prospective analysis of stress, craving and risk of next day T alcohol intake during alcohol use disorder treatment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 204, 107569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107569 Yang, C. M., Lai, Y. S., Huang, Y. H., Huang, Y. C., & Lee, H. C. (2022). Predicting Hypnotic Use among Insomnia Patients with the Theory of Planned Behavior and Craving. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 12(7), 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070209 Yang, C. M., Lin, Y. S., Tu, A. Y., Huang, Y. C., & Sung, J. Y. (2020). Attentional Bias Assessed With Event-Related Potentials in Long-term Hypnotic Users. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 40(4),391–395. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001216 Yang, C. M., Spielman, A. J., & Glovinsky, P. (2006). Nonpharmacologic strategies in the management of insomnia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29(4), 895–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2006.09.005 Zammit, G. (2009). Comparative tolerability of newer agents for insomnia. Drug Safety, 32(9), 735–748. https://doi.org/10.2165/11312920-000000000-00000 Zandstra, S., Van Rijswijk, E., Rijnders, C., Van De Lisdonk, E., Bor, J., Van Weel, C., & Zitman. (2004). Long-term benzodiazepine users in family practice: differences from short-term users in mental health, coping behaviour and psychological characteristics. Family Practice, 21, 266–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmh309zh_TW