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題名 東亞的凍卵補助方案：政策目標與說辭
Government Subsidies for Elective Egg Freezing: Comparing Policy Objectives and Rhetoric in East Asia作者 安宜
Peterson, Annika貢獻者 Simandjuntak, Deasy Rumondang Priscilla
安宜
Annika Peterson關鍵詞 冷凍卵子
政策分析
輔助生殖技術
生育力
東亞
Oocyte Cryopreservation
Policy Analysis
Assisted Reproductive Technology
Fertility
East Asia日期 2024 上傳時間 1-Jul-2024 12:09:46 (UTC+8) 摘要 東亞國家的一些生育率是過去 20 年來世界上最低的。由於生育率仍然較低，各國政府已開始利用輔助生殖技術來糾正生育率下降的趨勢。隨著許多輔助生殖技術程序變得更加容易取得，輔助生殖技術的普及和使用量激增。同時，醫學性不孕症病例不斷增加，使得更多的人訴諸輔助生殖技術來生育。不同國家獲得選擇性凍卵的機會仍然存在很大差異，一些國家公開資助該程序，而另一些國家則完全禁止該程序。除了韓國、日本和台灣之外，法國和塞浦路斯最近也實施了政府計劃，為選擇性冷凍卵提供補貼。當政策制定者採用輔助生殖技術時，政策目標通常分為以下三類：增加獲得該程序的平等機會、減少相關的健康風險以及增加獲得機會以提高出生率。各國政府根據每個國家認為最重要的目標和社會議題，利用這些框架來補貼和限制輔助生殖技術的可用性。 透過研究韓國、日本和台灣對選擇性凍卵的政府補貼，我認為，針對選擇性程序（例如凍卵）的輔助生殖技術的生育框架對婦女和兒童有害，而且在以下情況下也不具有成本效益：目標是提高活產率。 透過批判性分析韓國、日本和台灣擴大選擇性凍卵的政策，本研究解釋了以提高出生率為目標的選擇性凍卵政策的弱點。我還提出了政策建議，重點是政策目標的根本轉變和生育教育的大幅增加。各國政府應與醫療專業人員繼續合作，以推動未來婦女和生殖健康政策的改變。
Countries in East Asia have reported some of the lowest fertility rates in the world in the last 20 years. As fertility rates remain concerningly low, governments have begun to utilize assisted reproductive technology (ART) to rectify the decline. ART popularity and usage have skyrocketed as many ART procedures become more readily available. One form of ART that has increased in popularity in recent years is elective egg freezing (EEF). Access to EEF still varies dramatically by country with some publicly funding the procedure and others banning it altogether. In the cases of South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, local governments have implemented subsidy programs for EEF with the explicit goal of increasing birth rates by removing some of the social and monetary burdens that make child-rearing increasingly difficult. When policymakers approach ART, the policy goals often fall into the following three categories: increasing equal access to the procedure, reducing the associated health risks, and expanding access to increase birth rates. Governments use these frameworks to subsidize and restrict ART availability depending on the goals and social issues deemed most important by each country. Through examining the government subsidies for EEF in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, I argue that a fertility framework towards ART for elective procedures, such as EEF, is harmful to women and children while also not being cost-effective when the goal is to increase live birth rates. By critically analyzing the policies for EEF expansion in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, this research explains the weaknesses in approaching EEF policy through the goal of increasing birth rates. I also propose policy recommendations focusing on a fundamental shift in policy goals and a dramatic increase in fertility education. 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國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
111926044資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926044 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor Simandjuntak, Deasy Rumondang Priscilla zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 安宜 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Annika Peterson en_US dc.creator (作者) 安宜 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Peterson, Annika en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2024 12:09:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2024 12:09:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2024 12:09:46 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111926044 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/151961 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111926044 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 東亞國家的一些生育率是過去 20 年來世界上最低的。由於生育率仍然較低，各國政府已開始利用輔助生殖技術來糾正生育率下降的趨勢。隨著許多輔助生殖技術程序變得更加容易取得，輔助生殖技術的普及和使用量激增。同時，醫學性不孕症病例不斷增加，使得更多的人訴諸輔助生殖技術來生育。不同國家獲得選擇性凍卵的機會仍然存在很大差異，一些國家公開資助該程序，而另一些國家則完全禁止該程序。除了韓國、日本和台灣之外，法國和塞浦路斯最近也實施了政府計劃，為選擇性冷凍卵提供補貼。當政策制定者採用輔助生殖技術時，政策目標通常分為以下三類：增加獲得該程序的平等機會、減少相關的健康風險以及增加獲得機會以提高出生率。各國政府根據每個國家認為最重要的目標和社會議題，利用這些框架來補貼和限制輔助生殖技術的可用性。 透過研究韓國、日本和台灣對選擇性凍卵的政府補貼，我認為，針對選擇性程序（例如凍卵）的輔助生殖技術的生育框架對婦女和兒童有害，而且在以下情況下也不具有成本效益：目標是提高活產率。 透過批判性分析韓國、日本和台灣擴大選擇性凍卵的政策，本研究解釋了以提高出生率為目標的選擇性凍卵政策的弱點。我還提出了政策建議，重點是政策目標的根本轉變和生育教育的大幅增加。各國政府應與醫療專業人員繼續合作，以推動未來婦女和生殖健康政策的改變。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Countries in East Asia have reported some of the lowest fertility rates in the world in the last 20 years. As fertility rates remain concerningly low, governments have begun to utilize assisted reproductive technology (ART) to rectify the decline. ART popularity and usage have skyrocketed as many ART procedures become more readily available. One form of ART that has increased in popularity in recent years is elective egg freezing (EEF). Access to EEF still varies dramatically by country with some publicly funding the procedure and others banning it altogether. In the cases of South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, local governments have implemented subsidy programs for EEF with the explicit goal of increasing birth rates by removing some of the social and monetary burdens that make child-rearing increasingly difficult. When policymakers approach ART, the policy goals often fall into the following three categories: increasing equal access to the procedure, reducing the associated health risks, and expanding access to increase birth rates. Governments use these frameworks to subsidize and restrict ART availability depending on the goals and social issues deemed most important by each country. Through examining the government subsidies for EEF in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, I argue that a fertility framework towards ART for elective procedures, such as EEF, is harmful to women and children while also not being cost-effective when the goal is to increase live birth rates. By critically analyzing the policies for EEF expansion in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, this research explains the weaknesses in approaching EEF policy through the goal of increasing birth rates. I also propose policy recommendations focusing on a fundamental shift in policy goals and a dramatic increase in fertility education. Governments should use continued collaboration with medical professionals for any women and reproductive health policy changes in the future. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents List of Abbreviations 7 List of Tables and Figures 8 Chapter 1: Introduction and Background 9 1.1 Motivation 9 1.2. Purpose and Background 10 1.3 Research Question and Hypothesis 17 1.4 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 18 1.4.1 Policies on Fertility and Women's Reproductive Health 18 1.4.2 Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy 21 1.4.3 Medical and Elective Egg Freezing Policy 24 1.5 Methodology and Limitations 27 1.6 Thesis Chapter Outline 28 Chapter 2: Evolution of Egg Freezing Policy 31 2.1 Oocyte Cryopreservation (Egg Freezing) 31 2.2 Egg Freezing Policy in the West 33 2.3 Social Policy, Health Policy, Fertility Policy 37 2.4 Obstacles to Elective Egg Freezing 40 Chapter 3: South Korea 43 3.1 ART Policy Evolution 43 3.2 Elective Egg Freezing (EEF) Policy 45 3.3 Involvement and Public Discourse 47 3.4 Framework Concerns 49 Chapter 4: Japan 52 4.1 ART Policy Evolution 52 4.2 Elective Egg Freezing (EEF) Policy 54 4.3 Involvement and Public Discourse 56 4.4 Framework Concerns 58 Chapter 5: Taiwan 60 5.1 ART Policy Evolution 60 5.2 Elective Egg Freezing (EEF) Policy 62 5.3 Involvement and Public Discourse 64 5.4 Framework Concerns 65 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Policy Recommendations 67 6.1 Conclusion 67 6.2 Policy Recommendations 72 References 76 zh_TW dc.format.extent 6964637 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926044 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 冷凍卵子 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政策分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 輔助生殖技術 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生育力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 東亞 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Oocyte Cryopreservation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Policy Analysis en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Assisted Reproductive Technology en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fertility en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) East Asia en_US dc.title (題名) 東亞的凍卵補助方案：政策目標與說辭 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Government Subsidies for Elective Egg Freezing: Comparing Policy Objectives and Rhetoric in East Asia en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ando, S., et al(2013). 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