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題名 僑生留台意願及有關政策之研究
The study of overseas Chinese students’ willingness to stay in Taiwan and related policies
作者 吳佳恩
Wu, Chia-En
貢獻者 劉梅君
吳佳恩
Wu, Chia-En
關鍵詞 僑生留台意願
僑生就業政策
留才久用方案
評點制
Overseas Chinese students’ willingness to stay in Taiwan
Employment policy for overseas Chinese students
Long-term retention of skilled foreign workers program
Points system for foreign and overseas Chinese students to work in Taiwan
日期 2024
上傳時間 1-Jul-2024 12:36:58 (UTC+8)
摘要 自我國正式成立僑務委員會起,對僑民教育及經濟事務投入大量資源,吸引了許多僑生來台就學、就業,並培養出眾多專業人才。然而,近年來我國面臨勞動力流失的挑戰,尤其在少子化和高齡化問題下,勞動力供應逐漸短缺。《中華民國人口推估(2022至2070年)報告》預測,我國將於2028年結束人口紅利時期,勞動力供應將急劇下降,因此政府需要採取措施吸引外籍勞動力及留住本國畢業的專業人才。 過去,我國移民政策偏向短期工作,導致訓練好的專業人才流失。然而,在全球化趨勢下,許多國家紛紛推出吸引外籍勞動力的政策,而我國的移民政策則顯得不夠吸引力。雖然在2018年提出了「新經濟移民法草案」,但因未獲立法院通過而作罷。目前,政府將焦點轉向吸引僑外生及留住移工,推出相應的政策。其中「移工留才久用方案」針對已來台工作的外籍移工及取得我國學位的僑外生提供中階技術人才留用機會,此舉旨在減緩勞動市場衝擊,同時兼顧本國勞工權益。此外,僑生具有較高的就業穩定性及留台意願,成為留台的重要群體。 本研究將目前在我國就學中且即將畢業的僑生作為研究對象,以人口遷移理論作為開端,探討僑生在即將進入職場之階段,有何因素將會影響其留台工作意願,並以「移工留才久用方案」與原有之評點制及各國就業政策比較,從中發現我國現行制度之缺點,以做為未來修正、優化我國移民政策的依據。
Since the establishment of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission (OCAC) under the "Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Organization Act," our country has allocated significant resources towards the education and economic affairs of overseas Chinese. This initiative aimed to attract overseas Chinese students to study and work in Taiwan, resulting in the cultivation of numerous skilled professionals. However, in recent years, Taiwan has faced challenges in labor force retention, exacerbated by a declining birth rate and an aging population. According to the "Republic of China Population Projection (2022-2070)" report, Taiwan is expected to end its population dividend period by 2028, leading to a sharp decrease in the labor force supply. Consequently, the government needs to adopt measures to attract foreign labor and retain local talent. Historically, Taiwan's immigration policies have favored shortterm employment, resulting in a brain drain of trained professionals. However, amidst the global trend of globalization, many countries have introduced attractive immigration policies to lure foreign labor, highlighting the inadequacy of Taiwan's immigration policies. Although the "New Economic Immigration Act" was proposed in 2018, it failed to pass the legislature. Currently, the government has shifted its focus to attracting overseas Chinese students and retaining migrant workers by implementing relevant policies. The " Long-term retention of skilled foreign workers program" targets foreign workers already in Taiwan and overseas Chinese students with degrees, offering opportunities for skilled professionals to stay. This approach aims to mitigate the impact on the labor market while safeguarding the rights of local workers. Additionally, overseas Chinese students demonstrate higher job stability and willingness to stay in Taiwan, making them a vital group for retention. Strengthening the employment willingness of overseas Chinese students is crucial to addressing Taiwan's current labor shortage and yielding long-term benefits. This study focuses on overseas Chinese students currently studying in Taiwan and about to graduate. Drawing on theories of population migration, it aims to explore the factors influencing their willingness to work in Taiwan as they transition into the workforce. By comparing Taiwan's existing policies, including the " Long-term retention of skilled foreign workers program," with the Points System and employment policies of other countries, the study seeks to identify shortcomings in Taiwan's current system. This analysis will serve as a basis for future revisions and optimizations of Taiwan's immigration policies.
參考文獻 一、中文文獻 1. 國發會 編(2022),中華民國人口推估(2022至2070年)報告。 2. 吳志揚、黃士銘、葉耕榕 (2010)。 提升僑生人才留臺服務之策略性研究(OCAC-SD-099-001)。僑務委員會。 3. 林良榮、蕭嫚琳(2019)。日本外國人勞動力政策與「特定技能制度」之建構:以2018年〈入管法〉之修正為中心。勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊,27(2)。 4. 林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花(2005)。質性研究方法:訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身心障礙研究季刊,3(2),122-136。https://doi.org/10.30072/jdr.200506.0005 5. 邱駿彥(2009)。外國人聘僱及管理法制研究計畫(PG9807-0027)。行政院勞工委員會職業訓練局。 6. 柯雨瑞、陳瓊玉 (2022年11月30日)。我國延攬與聘僱外籍中階專業技術人力機制之現況、困境與回應對策。2022年移民事務與國境管理學術研討會,桃園市,臺灣。 7. 洪子琪(2011)。僑生大學生活適應輔導之初探。學校行政,(73),145-156。https://doi.org/10.6423/HHHC.201105.0145 8. 高育幸 (2019)。強化僑外生留臺工作之策略性研究。國家發展委員會。 9. 許升洋 (2022)。緬甸僑生來台求學與就業之研究[未出版之碩士論文]。 國立政治大學企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)。 10. 陳政宇 (2023)。 中階移民留台工作意願──以越南留台生為研究對象[未出版之碩士論文]。 國立暨南國際大學東南亞學系。 11. 馮南方 (2014)。 影響外籍研究生畢業後留在台灣工作意圖之因素研究[未出版之碩士論文]。 中國文化大學國際貿易學系。 12. 劉品佑 (2007)。外國學生的生活適應與生涯發展- 以清華大學和交通大學的攻讀學位外國學生為例[未出版之碩士論文]。國立清華大學科技管理研究所。 13. 鄭伊倩 (2016)。 僑生留台工作意願之探討:以北部地區大學為例[未出版之碩士論文]。 銘傳大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班。 二、外文文獻 1. Balch, A.、Börjesson, M.、Shen, W.、De Wit, H.(2012). Mobile talent? The staying intentions of international students in five eu countries. 2. Caviggioli, F.、Jensen, P.、Scellato, G.(2020). Highly skilled migrants and technological diversification in the us and europe。Technological Forecasting & Social Change,154,119951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119951. 3. Felce, D.、Perry, J.(1995). Quality of life: Its definition and measurement。Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16(1), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(94)00028-8 4. Hawthorne, L.(2010). Two-step migration: Australia’s experience. Policy Options, 39-43. 5. Kennan, J.、Walker, J. R.(2011). The effect of expected income on individual migration decisions. Econometrica, 79(1), 211-251. 6. Kwak, Y. K.、Wang, M. S.(2022). Exclusion or inclusion: National differential regulations of migrant workers’ employment, social protection, and migrations policies on im/mobilities in east asia-examples of south korea and taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 16270. 7. Lee, E. S.(1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47-57. 8. Markey, R.、Ravenswood, K.、Webber, D. J.(2012). The impact of the quality of the work environment on employees’ intention to quit. Economics Working Paper Series, 1220, 1-33. 9. Mihi-Ramirez, A.、Kumpikaite, V.(2014). Economics reason of migration from point of view of students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 522-526. 10. Ortega, F.、Peri, G.(2013). The effect of income and immigration policies on international migration. Migration Studies, 1(1), 47-74. 11. Ravenstein, E. G. (1885). The laws of migration. Royal Statistical Society. 12. Raziq, A.、Maulabakhsh, R.(2015). Impact of working environment on job satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717-725.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
勞工研究所
111262004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111262004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉梅君zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳佳恩zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Chia-Enen_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳佳恩zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Chia-Enen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2024 12:36:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2024 12:36:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2024 12:36:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111262004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152058-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 勞工研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111262004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自我國正式成立僑務委員會起,對僑民教育及經濟事務投入大量資源,吸引了許多僑生來台就學、就業,並培養出眾多專業人才。然而,近年來我國面臨勞動力流失的挑戰,尤其在少子化和高齡化問題下,勞動力供應逐漸短缺。《中華民國人口推估(2022至2070年)報告》預測,我國將於2028年結束人口紅利時期,勞動力供應將急劇下降,因此政府需要採取措施吸引外籍勞動力及留住本國畢業的專業人才。 過去,我國移民政策偏向短期工作,導致訓練好的專業人才流失。然而,在全球化趨勢下,許多國家紛紛推出吸引外籍勞動力的政策,而我國的移民政策則顯得不夠吸引力。雖然在2018年提出了「新經濟移民法草案」,但因未獲立法院通過而作罷。目前,政府將焦點轉向吸引僑外生及留住移工,推出相應的政策。其中「移工留才久用方案」針對已來台工作的外籍移工及取得我國學位的僑外生提供中階技術人才留用機會,此舉旨在減緩勞動市場衝擊,同時兼顧本國勞工權益。此外,僑生具有較高的就業穩定性及留台意願,成為留台的重要群體。 本研究將目前在我國就學中且即將畢業的僑生作為研究對象,以人口遷移理論作為開端,探討僑生在即將進入職場之階段,有何因素將會影響其留台工作意願,並以「移工留才久用方案」與原有之評點制及各國就業政策比較,從中發現我國現行制度之缺點,以做為未來修正、優化我國移民政策的依據。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since the establishment of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission (OCAC) under the "Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Organization Act," our country has allocated significant resources towards the education and economic affairs of overseas Chinese. This initiative aimed to attract overseas Chinese students to study and work in Taiwan, resulting in the cultivation of numerous skilled professionals. However, in recent years, Taiwan has faced challenges in labor force retention, exacerbated by a declining birth rate and an aging population. According to the "Republic of China Population Projection (2022-2070)" report, Taiwan is expected to end its population dividend period by 2028, leading to a sharp decrease in the labor force supply. Consequently, the government needs to adopt measures to attract foreign labor and retain local talent. Historically, Taiwan's immigration policies have favored shortterm employment, resulting in a brain drain of trained professionals. However, amidst the global trend of globalization, many countries have introduced attractive immigration policies to lure foreign labor, highlighting the inadequacy of Taiwan's immigration policies. Although the "New Economic Immigration Act" was proposed in 2018, it failed to pass the legislature. Currently, the government has shifted its focus to attracting overseas Chinese students and retaining migrant workers by implementing relevant policies. The " Long-term retention of skilled foreign workers program" targets foreign workers already in Taiwan and overseas Chinese students with degrees, offering opportunities for skilled professionals to stay. This approach aims to mitigate the impact on the labor market while safeguarding the rights of local workers. Additionally, overseas Chinese students demonstrate higher job stability and willingness to stay in Taiwan, making them a vital group for retention. Strengthening the employment willingness of overseas Chinese students is crucial to addressing Taiwan's current labor shortage and yielding long-term benefits. This study focuses on overseas Chinese students currently studying in Taiwan and about to graduate. Drawing on theories of population migration, it aims to explore the factors influencing their willingness to work in Taiwan as they transition into the workforce. By comparing Taiwan's existing policies, including the " Long-term retention of skilled foreign workers program," with the Points System and employment policies of other countries, the study seeks to identify shortcomings in Taiwan's current system. This analysis will serve as a basis for future revisions and optimizations of Taiwan's immigration policies.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 4 第二章 文獻回顧 5 第一節 影響僑生留台意願之因素 5 一、非經濟性遷移因素 6 二、經濟性遷移因素 10 第二節 我國僑生留台就業政策 11 一、評點制與單一薪資制雙軌併行 12 二、評點制之成效分析與後續修正 15 三、移工留才久用方案 18 第三節、小結 20 第三章 研究方法與設計 22 第一節 研究架構 22 (一)非經濟性遷移因素 23 (二)經濟性遷移因素 24 (三)我國與他國就業政策之推行 24 第二節 研究方法與對象 24 第四章 遷移因素對留台意願的影響 35 第一節 在台適應性對留台意願的影響 35 第二節 工作環境對留台意願的影響 43 第三節 生活品質對留台意願的影響 51 第四節 經濟性因素對留台意願的影響 58 第五節 各因素重要性排序 63 第六節 僑生留台就業意願與其他影響因素 64 第五章 就業政策對僑生留台就業意願的吸引力 65 第一節 評點制與留才久用方案比較 66 第二節 我國與新加坡S-Pass簽證之比較 70 第三節 我國與日本特定技能制度之比較 73 第四節 我國與韓國E-7簽證之比較 77 第六章 結論 82 第一節 研究發現 82 一、我國目前仍是僑生求學選擇之一,但未來將可能被中國取代 82 二、過往遷移因素仍具有影響力,且生活品質已成為主要因素 82 三、僑生有高度留台就業意願,但長期居留不是誘因之一 83 四、政治因素是我國特有的額外遷移因素 83 五、留才久用方案無法吸引僑生留台,且目標族群與評點制重疊 84 第二節 研究建議 84 一、增強與各國中文高中的合作,增強我國宣傳優勢 84 二、舉辦僑生生活輔導班提升僑生在台適應性 85 三、留才久用方案應檢討是否該納入僑生,並從僑生角度設計就業方案。 85 四、我國政府不應短視近利,更應將僑外生視為移民妥善規劃相關措施。 86 五、依照職業或職位調整永久居留門檻 86 第三節 研究限制 87 第七章 參考文獻 88 一、中文文獻 88 二、外文文獻 89 附錄一 訪談大綱 90 附錄二 韓國F-5簽證種類 92zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1453652 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111262004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 僑生留台意願zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 僑生就業政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 留才久用方案zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 評點制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Overseas Chinese students’ willingness to stay in Taiwanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Employment policy for overseas Chinese studentsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Long-term retention of skilled foreign workers programen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Points system for foreign and overseas Chinese students to work in Taiwanen_US
dc.title (題名) 僑生留台意願及有關政策之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The study of overseas Chinese students’ willingness to stay in Taiwan and related policiesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻 1. 國發會 編(2022),中華民國人口推估(2022至2070年)報告。 2. 吳志揚、黃士銘、葉耕榕 (2010)。 提升僑生人才留臺服務之策略性研究(OCAC-SD-099-001)。僑務委員會。 3. 林良榮、蕭嫚琳(2019)。日本外國人勞動力政策與「特定技能制度」之建構:以2018年〈入管法〉之修正為中心。勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊,27(2)。 4. 林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花(2005)。質性研究方法:訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身心障礙研究季刊,3(2),122-136。https://doi.org/10.30072/jdr.200506.0005 5. 邱駿彥(2009)。外國人聘僱及管理法制研究計畫(PG9807-0027)。行政院勞工委員會職業訓練局。 6. 柯雨瑞、陳瓊玉 (2022年11月30日)。我國延攬與聘僱外籍中階專業技術人力機制之現況、困境與回應對策。2022年移民事務與國境管理學術研討會,桃園市,臺灣。 7. 洪子琪(2011)。僑生大學生活適應輔導之初探。學校行政,(73),145-156。https://doi.org/10.6423/HHHC.201105.0145 8. 高育幸 (2019)。強化僑外生留臺工作之策略性研究。國家發展委員會。 9. 許升洋 (2022)。緬甸僑生來台求學與就業之研究[未出版之碩士論文]。 國立政治大學企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)。 10. 陳政宇 (2023)。 中階移民留台工作意願──以越南留台生為研究對象[未出版之碩士論文]。 國立暨南國際大學東南亞學系。 11. 馮南方 (2014)。 影響外籍研究生畢業後留在台灣工作意圖之因素研究[未出版之碩士論文]。 中國文化大學國際貿易學系。 12. 劉品佑 (2007)。外國學生的生活適應與生涯發展- 以清華大學和交通大學的攻讀學位外國學生為例[未出版之碩士論文]。國立清華大學科技管理研究所。 13. 鄭伊倩 (2016)。 僑生留台工作意願之探討:以北部地區大學為例[未出版之碩士論文]。 銘傳大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班。 二、外文文獻 1. Balch, A.、Börjesson, M.、Shen, W.、De Wit, H.(2012). Mobile talent? The staying intentions of international students in five eu countries. 2. Caviggioli, F.、Jensen, P.、Scellato, G.(2020). Highly skilled migrants and technological diversification in the us and europe。Technological Forecasting & Social Change,154,119951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119951. 3. Felce, D.、Perry, J.(1995). Quality of life: Its definition and measurement。Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16(1), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(94)00028-8 4. Hawthorne, L.(2010). Two-step migration: Australia’s experience. Policy Options, 39-43. 5. Kennan, J.、Walker, J. R.(2011). The effect of expected income on individual migration decisions. Econometrica, 79(1), 211-251. 6. Kwak, Y. K.、Wang, M. S.(2022). Exclusion or inclusion: National differential regulations of migrant workers’ employment, social protection, and migrations policies on im/mobilities in east asia-examples of south korea and taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 16270. 7. Lee, E. S.(1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47-57. 8. Markey, R.、Ravenswood, K.、Webber, D. J.(2012). The impact of the quality of the work environment on employees’ intention to quit. Economics Working Paper Series, 1220, 1-33. 9. Mihi-Ramirez, A.、Kumpikaite, V.(2014). Economics reason of migration from point of view of students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 522-526. 10. Ortega, F.、Peri, G.(2013). The effect of income and immigration policies on international migration. Migration Studies, 1(1), 47-74. 11. Ravenstein, E. G. (1885). The laws of migration. Royal Statistical Society. 12. Raziq, A.、Maulabakhsh, R.(2015). Impact of working environment on job satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717-725.zh_TW