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題名 在日本越南移工的經驗和不/能動性之探索性研究
Exploratory Research on the Experiences and Im/mobilities of Vietnamese Migrant Workers in Japan作者 阮寶石
THACH, NGUYEN BAO貢獻者 王明聖
WANG, MING-SHENG
阮寶石
NGUYEN BAO THACH關鍵詞 越南移民工人
技能實習生
特定技能工人
勞動力短缺
移民政策
日本移民工人
經濟移民
Vietnamese migrant worker
technical intern trainees
specified skilled workers
shortage of labor
immigration policies
economic migration日期 2024 上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 13:01:10 (UTC+8) 摘要 這篇文章探討了越南勞工參與日本計畫的不穩定性，研究將追蹤越南遷移勞工從出國前到在日本工作期間的經驗與工作面臨困境時所面臨的不能動性及能動性而改變之工作路徑。然後評估日本政府提出的解決方案是否能解決越南移工所面臨的困境與問題。重點是兩個主要的勞工計畫：技能實習制度（TITP）和特定技能制度（SSWP）。最初旨在向發展中國家的工人傳授技術技能的TITP，往往被日本企業利用來填補低技能勞動力短缺，使勞工易受剝削。2019年出現了一個重大轉折，特定技能制度（SSWP）的引入旨在解決TITP的不足之處。這個新計畫為移工提供了更好的機會和福利，包括在日本長期工作和家庭團聚的可能性。本研究評估了這些解決方案在處理現行方案上所產生系統所辨識出的議題的有效性，並討論對勞工遷移政策的更廣泛意涵。
This thesis examines the precariousness of Vietnamese laborers participating in Japan's foreign worker programs. The research follows the path of Vietnamese migrant laborers from the pre-departure stage and through their working period in Japan and then assesses whether the solutions proposed by the Japanese government address the key identified issues. The focus is on two main labor programs: the older Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) and the subsequent Specific Skilled Workers Program (SSWP). The TITP was originally intended to impart technical skills to workers in developing countries but has often been exploited by Japanese companies to fill low-skill labor shortages, leaving workers vulnerable to exploitation. A significant turning point occurred in 2019 with the introduction of the SSWP, which aimed to address the obvious shortcomings of the TITP. This new program offers better opportunities and benefits for workers, including the possibility of long-term careers and family reunification in Japan. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these solutions in addressing the systemic issues identified and discusses the broader implications for labor migration policy.參考文獻 Bélanger, D., & Tran, G.L. (2013). Precarity, Gender, and Work: Vietnamese Migrant Workers in Asia. Diversities, 15(1), 5–20. Bélanger, D., Ueno, K., Hong, K. T., & Ochiai, E. (2011). From Foreign Trainees to Unauthorized Workers: Vietnamese Migrant Workers in Japan. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 20(1), 31–53. Brooks, W. (2020). The Socioeconomic Impact of the Transition from Technical Intern Trainees (TIT) to Specified Skilled Workers (SSW) in Japan. AICHI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 25-62. Chinhphu (2023). Tuyên bố chung nâng cấp quan hệ Việt Nam - Nhật Bản lên Đối tác Chiến lược toàn diện (Joint statement upgrading Vietnam - Japan relations to comprehensive strategic partnership). Retrieved from Xay dung chinh sach: https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/toan-van-tuyen-bo-chung-ve-viec-nang-cap-quan-he-viet-nam-nhat-ban-len-doi-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien-119231127212221484.htm Donaghy T. (2016). Human Trafficking In Japan: A Case Study on the ‘Technical Intern Training Program’. Retrieved from humantraffickingsearch.org Exum, O. A. (2023). Japan panel compiles new system for foreign technical interns. Retrieved from the japantimes: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/10/18/japan/society/foreign-trainees-draft-report/ Fukuyama, H., & Hashimoto, Y. (2023). Origins and Evolution of Japan's Technical Intern Training Program (Japanese). (No. 23019). Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI). Geji K. (2022) Japan failing to eliminate human trafficking in intern program. Retrieved from The Asahi Shimbun: https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14675668 Google Finance. (2024). JPY / USD • CURRENCY. Retrieved from Google Finance: https://www.google.com/finance/quote/JPY-USD?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiT-YHS0fOFAxUOePUHHWAHDjcQmY0JegQIKBAw&window=MAX Ha, K. & Sieg, L. (2019). Buddhist nun prays for Vietnamese workers who died in Japan. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-immigration-vietnamese-temple-idUSKCN1RA020/ ILO. (2019). More choices, more power: Opportunities for women’s empowerment in labour migration from Viet Nam . Retrieved from International Labour Organization: https://webapps.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_738372.pdf ILO. (2023). TRIANGLE in ASEAN Quarterly Briefing Note Viet Nam. Retrieved from International Labour Organization: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/genericdocument/wcms_735109.pdf ISA. (2023). Specified skill workers system operation status as of the end of June 2023 [令和5年6月末の特定技能制度運用状況]. Retrieved from Immigration Service Agency: https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/001359454.pdf ISA. (2023). Number of foreign residents with specified skills workers as of June 2023 [令和５年６月末特定技能在留外国人数]. Retrieved from Immigration Services Agency: https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/001402075.pdf JAC. (2024). Exam information and application. Retrieved from Japan Association for Construction Human Resources: https://jac-skill.or.jp/en/exam/ JICA. (2022). Toward an Inclusive Society Where Diverse People, Regardless of Their Nationality, Can Thrive Together: Research Outcomes Discussed at a Symposium on Foreign Worker Acceptance. Retrieved from Japan International Cooperation Agency: https://www.jica.go.jp/english/jica_ri/news/topics/2022/20220203_02.html JITCO. (2017). What is the Technical Intern Training Program? Retrieved from Japan International Trainee & Skilled Worker Cooperation Organization: https://www.jitco.or.jp/en/regulation/index.html JITCO. (2021). Japan International Trainee & Skilled Worker Cooperation Organization. Retrieved from JITCO: https://www.jitco.or.jp/en/service/guidebook/ Kazumichi, K. (2023). Replacement plan would allow job changes for foreign trainees. Retrieved from The Ashahi Shimbun: https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15032238 Kondo, T. (2022). Is it possible for Specified Skilled Workers to change jobs? Is it difficult? Summary of procedures to be taken by new and current accepting organizations [特定技能外 国人の転職は可能?難しい?新旧受入れ企業が行う手続きまとめ]. Retrieved from My Navi: https://global-saponet.mgl.mynavi.jp/visa/6473 Korekawa, Y. & Tanabe, K. (supervise) [田辺国昭, 是川夕, (監修)]. (2022). National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (Ed.). Japan in the International Labour Network [国際労働移動ネットワークの中の日本]. Nihon Hyōronsha. Kurematsu, S. (2017). From the "SNS Consultation Room" for Foreign Trainees— Japan's Darkest Labor Situation. Fubaisha. Lan, P. C. (2022). Contested skills and constrained mobilities: migrant carework skill regimes in Taiwan and Japan. Comparative Migration Studies, 10(1), 37. Lang, E. (2023). Japan can't locate 12,000 foreign workers in troubled intern program. Retrieved from NikkeiAisa: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-immigration/Japan-can-t-locate-12-000-foreign-workers-in-troubled-intern-program Macrotrends. (2024). Vietnam GNI Per Capita 1960-2024. Retrieved from Macrotrends: https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/VNM/vietnam/gni-per-capita MAFF. (2024). 食品産業分野(飲食料品製造業分野及び外食業分野)の特定技能2号に関するQ&A - Q&A regarding Specified Skill No. 2 in the food industry (food and beverage manufacturing industry and restaurant industry). Retrieved from Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: https://www.maff.go.jp/j/shokusan/gaisyoku/attach/pdf/gaikokujinzai-18.pdf Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. (2017). Status of Supervision, Guidance, Inspection of Foreign Technical Intern Trainees. Tokyo: Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. MLHW (2022). Summary of notification status of "Foreign employment status" (as of the end of October 2021) [「外国人雇用状況」の届出状況まとめ（令和３年10月末現在）]. Retrieved from Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_23495.html MOJ. (2023). About the foreign Technical intern training system [外国人技能実習制度について]. Retrieved from The Ministry of Justice (Japan): https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/930005177.pdf MOLISA. (2019). Cần trả bao nhiêu tiền để đi Nhật? (How much do you need to pay to go to Japan?). Retrieved from Embassy of Japan in Vietnam: https://www.vn.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_ja/CantrabaonhieutiendediNhat.html Morita, L. (2023). Japan's Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) to be Abolished/ Thesis. Nagoya University. NBC. (2023). History of the "Technical Intern Training Program" seen from Japan's foreign policy [日本の外国人政策からみる 「技能実習制度」の歴史]. Retrieved from NBC Organization for Technical Intern Training: https://www.nbc.or.jp/blog/20220921_3357/ Nguyen, H. (2023). Vietnam, Japan Expected to Deepen Ties as China Concerns Grow. Retrieved from VOA NEWS: https://www.voanews.com/a/vietnam-and-japan-expected-to-deepen-ties-as-china-concerns-grow-/7334038.html NHK. (2023). Japan govt. panel draws up proposal for new technical trainee program. Retrieved from NHK World-Japan: https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20231018_22/ Ochavillo, M. R. (2022). Unveiling Japan's Technical Intern Training and Specified Skilled Workers Programs: Are they substitutes or mutually reinforcing?. International University of Japan. Oono, M. & Asakuma, M. (2021, April 14) Foreign trainees in Japan face sexual harassment and abuse. Retrieved from NHK World – Japan. https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/1587/ Osumi, M. (2019). Probe reveals 759 cases of suspected abuse and 171 deaths of foreign trainees in Japan. Retrieved from the Japan Times: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/03/29/national/probe-reveals-759-cases-suspected-abuse-foreign-trainees-japan-171-deaths/ OTIT. (2022). LIST OF APPROVED VIETNAMESE SENDING ORGANIZATIONS. Retrieved from Organization for Technical Intern Training 外国人技能実習機構: https://www.otit.go.jp/files/user/240426_VNM.pdf OTIT. (2023). Technical Intern Training Program FY2022. Retrieved from Organization for Technical Intern Training: https://www.otit.go.jp/files/user/230804_ENG.pdf Rivers, D. J. (2018). "Introverted psychosis" and the psychology of native-speaker interaction: Social representation, status and threat perception. In S. A. Houghton, D. J. Rivers and K. Hashimoto (Eds.), Beyond Native-Speakerism: Current Explorations and Future Visions (pp. 59-81). New York: Routledge. Sieg, L. & Miyazaki, A. (2023). Vietnamese workers, streaming to Japan, face risks as labour system opens up. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-immigration-vietnamese-idUSKCN1QZ2PU SMG. (2024). Employment Procedures (General Foreigner). Retrieved from SEOUL METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT: https://english.seoul.go.kr/service/living/working/employment/2-employment-procedures-ordinary-foreigner/ SSWP. (2024). Information on Tests Related to the Specified Skilled Worker Program. Retrieved from Support Website for the Specified Skilled Worker Program: https://www.ssw.go.jp/en/about/sswv/exam/ Sunai, N. (2019). Don't Call It "Disappearance" : The Resistance of Technical Intern Trainees, Gendai Shiso, 47(5), 18-33. Sunai, N. (2019). Slave Labor: The Reality of Vietnamese Technical Intern Trainees. Tokyo: Kadensha. Sunai, N. (2020). Runaway and Resistance against and within Migration Infrastructures: The cases of Vietnamese migrant workers in Japan and Taiwan. Proceedings of the Next Generation Global Workshop 2020, 13: 1-35: 15. Tamura, A. (2022). Business and Human Rights in Domestic Implementation Technical Intern Training and Specified Skilled Worker Programmes in Japan as Case Studies, University of Tokyo. Tatarski, M. (2021). Vietnam's severe Covid-19 outbreak relents amid huge economic damage. Retrieved from The Telegraph: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/vietnams-severe-covid-19-outbreak-relents-amid-huge-economic/ Tauchi, K. (2022). Technical intern program will be overhauled, says justice minister. Retrieved from The Asahi Shimbun: https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14682662 Tauchi, K. (2023). Japan proposes to end problem-filled technical intern program. Retrieved from The Ashahi Shimbun: https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14882268 The Mainichi (2023). Japan panel proposal would let trainee workers change jobs after 1 yr to curb exploitation. Retrieved from The Mainichi. https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20231018/p2a/00m/0na/025000c Tran, B. Q. (2020). Vietnamese Technical Trainees in Japan Voice Concerns Amidst COVID-19. The Asia-Pacific Journal, Volume 18, Issue 18, Number 11. 1- 15 Wang, H. & Bélanger, D. (2011). The recruitment process of migrant workers in Asia: From Vietnam to Taiwan. In A. Chan (Eds.), Vietnam update: Labor in Vietnam. Canberra: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 309–334 Weather and Climate. (2024). Hokkaido, Japan Climate. Retrieved from Weather and Climate: https://weatherandclimate.com/japan/hokkaido#google_vignette Yasuda, K. (2007) Murder of Foreign Trainees. Tokyo: Nanatsumorishokan. Yomiuri Shimbun. (2023). Call to Abolish Japan's Foreign Intern Program Reflects Battle for Manpower. Retrieved from The Yomiuri Shimbun: https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/politics-government/20230411-102920/ Zentekkin. ( 2021). Zentkkin conducted the Vietnam specific skills test for the first time in all fields. [全分野初のベトナム特定技能の試験を全鉄筋が実施致しました。]. Retrieved from National Steel Industry Association: https://www.zentekkin.or.jp/210323_news/ 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
111926038資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926038 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王明聖 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor WANG, MING-SHENG en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 阮寶石 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) NGUYEN BAO THACH en_US dc.creator (作者) 阮寶石 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) THACH, NGUYEN BAO en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 13:01:10 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 13:01:10 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 13:01:10 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111926038 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152632 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111926038 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 這篇文章探討了越南勞工參與日本計畫的不穩定性，研究將追蹤越南遷移勞工從出國前到在日本工作期間的經驗與工作面臨困境時所面臨的不能動性及能動性而改變之工作路徑。然後評估日本政府提出的解決方案是否能解決越南移工所面臨的困境與問題。重點是兩個主要的勞工計畫：技能實習制度（TITP）和特定技能制度（SSWP）。最初旨在向發展中國家的工人傳授技術技能的TITP，往往被日本企業利用來填補低技能勞動力短缺，使勞工易受剝削。2019年出現了一個重大轉折，特定技能制度（SSWP）的引入旨在解決TITP的不足之處。這個新計畫為移工提供了更好的機會和福利，包括在日本長期工作和家庭團聚的可能性。本研究評估了這些解決方案在處理現行方案上所產生系統所辨識出的議題的有效性，並討論對勞工遷移政策的更廣泛意涵。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis examines the precariousness of Vietnamese laborers participating in Japan's foreign worker programs. The research follows the path of Vietnamese migrant laborers from the pre-departure stage and through their working period in Japan and then assesses whether the solutions proposed by the Japanese government address the key identified issues. The focus is on two main labor programs: the older Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) and the subsequent Specific Skilled Workers Program (SSWP). The TITP was originally intended to impart technical skills to workers in developing countries but has often been exploited by Japanese companies to fill low-skill labor shortages, leaving workers vulnerable to exploitation. A significant turning point occurred in 2019 with the introduction of the SSWP, which aimed to address the obvious shortcomings of the TITP. This new program offers better opportunities and benefits for workers, including the possibility of long-term careers and family reunification in Japan. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these solutions in addressing the systemic issues identified and discusses the broader implications for labor migration policy. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents OUTLINE CHAP 1. INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Why is this topic important? 8 1.2 Research Gap 13 1.3 Research Question 15 CHAP 2. JAPAN’S MIGRANT WORKERS’ POLICY AND LITERATURE REVIEW 17 2.1 Precariousness of the pre-departure and initial stages of Vietnamese workers arriving in Japan 17 2.1.1 During pre-departure 17 Pre-Departure Exploitation 17 2.1.2 The situation of Vietnamese labor workers in Japan 18 2.1.3 TITP Framework and flow 19 2.1.4 Challenges of the TITP for Vietnamese Technical Intern Trainees 21 Misleading Training Programs and Exploitative Working Conditions 22 Financial Exploitation 23 Limited Mobility and Employment Restrictions 23 Social and Human Rights Issues 24 Inadequate Legal Safeguards 25 2.2 The solutions of the Japanese government: policies and regulations to address the shortcomings. 25 2.2.1 Japan's Specific Skilled Workers Program (SSWP) 25 2.2.2 New TITP (from 2024) 29 2.3 Do these policies truly address existing issues? a case study of Vietnamese workers 30 2.3.1 Vietnamese in the SSWP 30 2.3.2 Specialized skills exam 33 2.3.3 Language Eligibility Test 34 2.3.4 Employment Contract 34 CHAP 3. METHODOLOGY 36 3.1. Rationale for the Research Approach 37 3.2. Research Questions 37 3.3. Research Design 39 CHAP 4. FINDINGS 42 4.1 The difficulties faced by interviewees before coming to Japan 42 4.1.1 The reason interviewees choose Japan as their working destination. 42 4.1.2 Preparation process before going to Japan 45 4.2 The challenges during the initial period of working in Japan (first 3 years with TITP) 49 4.2.1 Challenges faced in daily life 50 Difficult work conditions under extremely cold weather 51 Inconvenience in daily activities 53 4.2.2 Challenges encountered during the initial phases of work 54 Lack of support from seniors 54 Mental and Physical Abuse 55 The difficulty of transferring jobs after leaving a company 56 Support from TIT unions and supervising organizations 58 4.3 The transition to the new visa status, is it as effective as proposed by the Japanese government? 60 4.3.1 Motivations for Switching to SSWP 60 4.3.2 Job Search and Transition Process 64 Path 1: Transition within the Same Company from TITP 64 Path 2: Transition to Another Company in the Same Industry 65 Path 3: Transition to a Completely New Industry 66 4.3.4 Issues are still being improved within the SSWP 70 Allowances to improve higher levels of Japanese proficiency 70 Equal work for equal pay compared to local Japanese workers 71 Longer work permit with strict requirements 71 4.4 More options but limited choice 72 4.4.1 The choice of Vietnamese labor workers when coming to Japan for work: Will SSWP completely replace TITP? 73 4.4.2 Trends in the mobility of Vietnamese labor workers 74 4.4.3 Does SSWP require better skills than TITP? 75 4.4.4 A remarkable case: How SSWP provides new opportunities to overcome hardship 77 CHAP 5. CONCLUSION 80 References 88 Appendix 94 FIGURE AND TABLE OUTLINE Figure 1. Top 5 Countries with the highest number of Foreign Workers in Japan 10 Figure 2. Current research and research gap 13 Figure 3. TITP Stakeholder (Supervising Organization ) 21 Figure 4. Percentage of SSWP Visa Holders through the TITP Route vs Non-TITP Route 27 Figure 5. Data on the Number of Vietnam SSWP Visa Holders from June 2019 to June 2023 31 Figure 6. Research framework 36 Figure 7. The paths of foreign labor workers in Japan 61 Table 1. Breakdown of Vietnamese SSWP Visa Holders by Industry (Data as of June 2023) 32 Table 2. Research questions 38 Table 3. 14 interviewee information 41 Table 4. Brokerage costs for the applicants and the region of the sending organization 47 Table 5. Training location and industry in TITP of interviewees 51 Table 6. Reason for changing company during TITP 57 Table 7. Transition process from TITP to SSWP 64 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2127416 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926038 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 越南移民工人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 技能實習生 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 特定技能工人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 勞動力短缺 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 移民政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日本移民工人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟移民 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Vietnamese migrant worker en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) technical intern trainees en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) specified skilled workers en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) shortage of labor en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) immigration policies en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) economic migration en_US dc.title (題名) 在日本越南移工的經驗和不/能動性之探索性研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Exploratory Research on the Experiences and Im/mobilities of Vietnamese Migrant Workers in Japan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bélanger, D., & Tran, G.L. (2013). Precarity, Gender, and Work: Vietnamese Migrant Workers in Asia. Diversities, 15(1), 5–20. Bélanger, D., Ueno, K., Hong, K. T., & Ochiai, E. (2011). From Foreign Trainees to Unauthorized Workers: Vietnamese Migrant Workers in Japan. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 20(1), 31–53. Brooks, W. (2020). The Socioeconomic Impact of the Transition from Technical Intern Trainees (TIT) to Specified Skilled Workers (SSW) in Japan. AICHI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 25-62. Chinhphu (2023). Tuyên bố chung nâng cấp quan hệ Việt Nam - Nhật Bản lên Đối tác Chiến lược toàn diện (Joint statement upgrading Vietnam - Japan relations to comprehensive strategic partnership). Retrieved from Xay dung chinh sach: https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/toan-van-tuyen-bo-chung-ve-viec-nang-cap-quan-he-viet-nam-nhat-ban-len-doi-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien-119231127212221484.htm Donaghy T. (2016). Human Trafficking In Japan: A Case Study on the ‘Technical Intern Training Program’. Retrieved from humantraffickingsearch.org Exum, O. A. (2023). 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