Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
Google ScholarTM
NCCU Library
Citation Infomation
Related Publications in TAIR
題名 邁向2050年淨零碳排:整合政策促進可持續發展與能源韌性
Enhancing Energy Resilience Through Integrated Policies for Sustainable Development: A Roadmap Towards Net-Zero Emissions by 2050作者 張正穎
Chang, Cheng-Ying貢獻者 湯京平
Tang, Ching-Ping
張正穎
Chang, Cheng-Ying關鍵詞 台灣
德國
能源政策
可再生能源
能源韌性
可持續發展
Taiwan
Germany
Energy policy
Renewable energy
Energy resilience
Sustainable development日期 2024 上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 13:29:15 (UTC+8) 摘要 為了環境保護和能源韌性，可持續能源系統面臨多方面的挑戰。雖然可再生能源以其減少碳足跡的優勢提供了有希望的替代方案，但對其可靠性和持續可用性的擔憂依然存在。此外，像自然災害和地緣政治衝突等因素強調了能源韌性的必要性，倡導多元化和分散化的能源組合。本文旨在探討確保能源系統在長期發展中既具有韌性又永續的可行性，同時討論潔淨能源與韌性之間的兼容性。 全球對清潔能源解決方案的轉變正在因應氣候變化的擔憂而加速。德國於2010年啟動的能源轉型（Energiewende）計劃是顯著的成功案例，塑造了全球能源政策，並鞏固了可再生能源在德國能源格局中的角色。受德國方法的啟發，台灣也在追求增加可再生能源生產和減少排放的目標，旨在2050年前實現碳中和。通過對兩國能源政策和基礎設施的檢視和比較獲得全面的理解，再透過與學者和專家的訪談進一步闡明德國和台灣在能源轉型和可持續發展路徑中面臨的策略和挑戰。
Sustainable energy systems striving for environmental preservation and resilience encounter multifaceted challenges. While renewable energy sources offer a promising alternative with their reduced carbon footprint, concerns persist regarding their reliability and ongoing availability. Furthermore, factors like natural disasters and geopolitical conflicts underscore the necessity of energy resilience, advocating for a diverse and decentralized energy mix. This paper seeks to explore the viability of ensuring energy systems are both resilient and environmentally sustainable for long-term development, while also questioning the compatibility of clean energy with resilience. The global shift towards clean energy solutions is accelerating in response to climate change concerns. Germany's Energiewende initiative, launched in 2010, stands as a significant success story, shaping global energy policy and solidifying renewable energy's role in the German energy landscape. Inspired by Germany's approach, Taiwan is pursuing similar goals of increasing renewable energy production and reducing emissions, aiming to achieve carbon neutrality before 2050. Through an examination and comparison of the energy policies and infrastructure of both nations, this paper seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding. Interviews with scholars and experts will further illuminate the strategies and challenges faced by Germany and Taiwan in navigating energy transition and sustainable development pathways.參考文獻 English: Annabel, S. (2023, June 29). Germany sets out plans to expand power grids. Power Technology. https://www.power-technology.com/news/germany-to-expand-power-grids/?cf-view Aslanturk, O., & Kıprızlı, G. (2020). The Role of Renewable Energy in Ensuring Energy Security of Supply and Reducing Energy-Related Import. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(2), 354–359. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8414 Bhatt, G. (2022, December 1). Climate Security and Energy Security Must Go Hand-in-Hand. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/12/01/climate-security-and-energy-security-must-go-hand-in-hand Boychev, B. (2022). Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/bulef56479.2022.10021212 Bauer, J. (2015, May 15). p-Watch—The German Energy Transition: best practices in renewable energy and energy efficiency - APO. Asian Productivity Organization (APO). https://www.apo-tokyo.org/articles/p-watch-the-german-energy-transition-best-practices-in-renewable-energy-and-energy-efficiency/ Building sustainability and resilience in the energy sector. (2021). Development Asia. https://development.asia/summary/building-sustainability-and-resilience-energy-sector Bundesnetzagentur - Rückblick: Gasversorgung im Jahr 2022. (n.d.). https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Gasversorgung/a_Gasversorgung_2022/start.html BMWi, B. M. U. (2010). Energy Concept for an Environmentally Sound, Reliable, and Affordable Energy Supply. Berlin: BMWi. Can Europe survive painlessly without Russian gas? (2024, January 16). Bruegel | the Brussels-based Economic Think Tank. https://www.bruegel.org/blog-post/can-europe-survive-painlessly-without-russian-gas Carlarne, P. (2010). Climate change law and policy: EU and US approaches. Oxford University Press. Choe, J. (1981). Energy Demand Elasticities: Concept Evidence and Implications. The World Bank, DWC-8102. Charquet, C. (2024, March 4). Germany’s energy transition: the Energiewende. Meer. https://www.meer.com/en/77779-germanys-energy-transition-the-energiewende#:~:text=Hereafter%2C%20we%20use%20Germany's%20energy,affordable%20EU%20energy%20supply13. Chiba, M., & Katsuma, Y. (2022). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as international norms. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 3–12). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003205951-2 Department of Investment Services, Ministry of Economic Affairs. (2022). Key innovative industries in Taiwan-Green energy. In InvesTaiwan. https://investtaiwan.nat.gov.tw/showIndInfo?guid=8&lang=eng### DR and Resilience to Extreme Weather | Enel North America. (2023, January 20). https://www.enelnorthamerica.com/insights/blogs/what-is-energy-resilience Demirbaş, A. (2002). Energy Conservation and Storage Systems. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 20(5), 391–399. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43754599 Energy resilience. (n.d.). Energy.gov. https://www.energy.gov/eere/energy-resilience Epstein, A. (n.d.). Energy talking points - Resilience. https://energytalkingpoints.com/resilience/#:~:text=Natural%20gas%20is%20not%20usually,gas%20plants%20will%20go%20down. European natural gas imports. (2024, January 12). Bruegel | the Brussels-based Economic Think Tank. https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/european-natural-gas-imports Energy Resilience Framework. (n.d.). Arup. https://www.arup.com/energy-resilience-framework Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. (2023, June 7). What is the current status of international energy cooperation involving Taiwan? What is the prospect of the cooperation? https://www.moeaea.gov.tw/ECW/English/content/Content.aspx?menu_id=1680 Eloy, P., Iñigo, M., & Jaime, S. (2016). The German Energy Transition (Energiewende) policy, energy transformation and industrial development (ISSN2340‐7638). Cuadernos Orkestra. https://www.orkestra.deusto.es/images/investigacion/publicaciones/informes/cuadernos-orkestra/Energiewende_English.pdf Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. (2017). Electricity 2030. https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/electricity-2030-concluding-paper.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. (2020). Germany’s Energy Efficiency Strategy 2050. Feigenbaum, A., & Hou, J. (2020, April 27). Overcoming Taiwan’s energy trilemma. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/04/27/overcoming-taiwan-s-energy-trilemma-pub-81645 Findlay, K. (2020, July 2). Is renewable energy the definition of resilience? REN21. https://www.ren21.net/renewable-energy-resilient/ Garvey, D. (2015). Integrating Energy Storage with Renewable Energy Generation. Wind Engineering, 39(2), 129–140. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90007058 German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. (2023). Energy and Climate Partnerships and Energy Dialogues 2022 Annual Report. In German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Textsammlungen/Energy/international-energy-policy.html Germany - Countries & Regions - IEA. (n.d.). IEA. https://www.iea.org/countries/germany Gitelman, D., Kozhevnikov, M., & Visotskaya, Y. (2023). Diversification as a Method of Ensuring the Sustainability of Energy Supply within the Energy Transition. Resources, 12(2), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12020019 Gözgör, G., & Paramati, S. R. (2021). Does Energy Diversification Cause an Economic Slowdown? Evidence from a Newly Constructed Energy Diversification Index. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907730 Global Leadership English Challenge (GLEC). (2021, October 21). Introduction of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Introduction of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) : GLEC Global. https://gleader.org/sdgs/?q=YToyOntzOjEyOiJrZXl3b3JkX3R5cGUiO3M6MzoiYWxsIjtzOjQ6InBhZ2UiO2k6Mjt9&bmode=view&idx=8591016&t=board GOAL 7: Affordable and clean energy. (n.d.). UNEP - UN Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-7#:~:text=Target%207.1%3A%20By%202030%2C%20ensure,of%20improvement%20in%20energy%20efficiency Global electricity consumption 2022 | Statista. (2023, September 19). Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/280704/world-power-consumption/ Germany - Energy. (2023, December 6). International Trade Administration | Trade.gov. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/germany-energy#:~:text=The%20policy%20also%20includes%20phasing,likely%20be%20advanced%20to%202030 Gao, M., Fan, C., & Liao, C. (2018). Application of German energy transition in Taiwan: A critical review of unique electricity liberalization as a core strategy to achieve renewable energy growth. Energy Policy, 120, 644–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.010 Hoang, T., Sandro Nižetić, Olcer, I., Ong, C., Chen, H., Chong, T., Thomas, S., Bandh, A., & Nguyen, P. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy system and the shift progress to renewable energy: Opportunities, challenges, and policy implications. Energy policy, 154, 112322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112322 Industry - Energy System - IEA. (n.d.). IEA. https://www.iea.org/energy-system/industry IEA (2020), Germany 2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/germany-2020 , License: CC BY 4.0 Jasiūnas, J., Lund, P., & Mikkola, J. (2021). Energy system resilience – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 150, 111476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111476 Jiang, Q., Cai, B., Zhang, Y., Xie, M., & Liu, C. (2023). Resilience assessment methodology of natural gas network system under random leakage. Reliability Engineering & Systems Safety, 234, 109134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109134 KNOPF, B., PAHLE, M., KONDZIELLA, H., JOAS, F., EDENHOFER, O., & BRUCKNER, T. (2014). Germany’s Nuclear Phase-out: Sensitivities and Impacts on Electricity Prices and CO2 Emissions. Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, 3(1), 89–106. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26189266 Kurian, L. (2012). SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ENERGY SECTOR. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 73(4), 673–682. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41858875 Liu, K. (2022, October 15). Facing an energy crisis, is Europe really embracing nuclear? Common Wealth Magazine, 758. https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=3310 Ludwig, D., Walker, B., & Holling, C. S. (1997). Sustainability, Stability, and Resilience. Conservation Ecology, 1(1). http://www.jstor.org/stable/26271645 Meza, E. (2022, October 12). Germany sees slight increase of power outages for first time in years. Clean Energy Wire. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/germany-sees-slight-increase-power-outages-first-time-years Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. (2024, March 13). Taiwan’s offshore wind power installation exceeds 2GW to lead the Asia-Pacific region in 2023. Ministry of Economic Affairs. https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=176&news_id=114116 Naseer S, Khalid S, Parveen S, Abbass K, Song H and Achim MV (2023) COVID-19 outbreak: Impact on global economy. Front. Public Health 10:1009393. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009393 Nuclear explained- Nuclear power and the environment. (2022, November 7). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/nuclear/nuclear-power-and-the-environment.php#:~:text=Nuclear%20energy%20produces%20radioactive%20waste,health%20for%20thousands%20of%20years. Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. (n.d.). Promote green energy, increase nature gas, reduce coal-fired, achieve nuclear-free. https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/english/Policy/Policy.aspx?menu_id=32904&policy_id=19 Office of the President, ROC (Taiwan). (2021, November 7). President Tsai addresses COP26 Taiwan Day event. https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/6186 OECD (2023), OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels 2023, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/87dc4a55-en. Osman, I., Chen, L., Yang, M. et al. Cost, environmental impact, and resilience of renewable energy under a changing climate: a review. Environ Chem Lett 21, 741–764 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01532-8 Pegels, A., & Lütkenhorst, W. (2014). Is Germany׳s energy transition a case of successful green industrial policy? contrasting wind and solar PV. Energy Policy, 74, 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.06.031 Papathanasiou, D. (2023, October 2). Why energy storage matters for the global energy transition. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/energy/why-energy-storage-matters-global-energy-transition#:~:text=In%20this%20context%2C%20energy%20storage,while%20increasing%20security%20of%20supply. Pyke, T. (2017, April 12). The energy debate: Renewable energy cannot replace fossil fuels - DevelopmentEducation.ie. DevelopmentEducation.ie. https://developmenteducation.ie/feature/the-energy-debate-renewable-energy-cannot-replace-fossil-fuels/ Rahman, A., Farrok, O., & Haque, M. (2022). Environmental impact of renewable energy source based electrical power plants: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, ocean, and osmotic. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 161, 112279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112279 Renewables – Global Energy Review 2020 – Analysis - IEA. (n.d.). IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020/renewables#abstract Resilience with 100% renewable power (Text version). (n.d.). NREL. https://www.nrel.gov/news/video/resilience-with-100-renewable-power-text.html#:~:text=With%20the%20right%20design%20and,to%20make%20this%20a%20reality. Russo, K. (2023). What is elasticity of demand? Oracle NetSuite. https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/business-strategy/elasticity-of-demand.shtml Renewable energy market update - June 2023 – analysis - IEA. (2023, June). IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewable-energy-market-update-june-2023 Schneider, M., & Froggatt, A. (2019, September 27). The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2019 (HTML). The World Nuclear Industry Status Report. https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/The-World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2019-HTML.html Sharma, A. (2023, July 26). Fitting Germany’s nuclear phaseout into its renewable ambitions. Power Technology. https://www.power-technology.com/features/fitting-germanys-nuclear-phaseout-into-its-renewable-ambitions/?cf-view Statista. (2023, August 3). German natural gas imports from Russia monthly 2021-2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1332783/german-gas-imports-from-russia/ Statista. (2024, January 11). Natural gas supply situation in Germany 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1332667/natural-gas-supply-germany/ Storia. (2024, January 26). Alternative and Renewable Energy: A sustainable solution for a greener future - Storiacity. Storiacity. https://storiacity.com/alternative-and-renewable-energy-a-sustainable-solution-for-a-greener-future/ Sellberg, M., Wilkinson, C., & Peterson, G. D. (2015). Resilience assessment: a useful approach to navigate urban sustainability challenges. Ecology and Society, 20(1). http://www.jstor.org/stable/26269738 Surash, J. (2019). Prioritizing Energy Resilience on Army Installations. The Military Engineer, 111(724), 65–66. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26841942 Sánchez, G., Zhang, Q., Martı́N, M., & Vega, P. (2022). Towards a new renewable power system using energy storage: An economic and social analysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 252, 115056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115056 Sharifi, A., & Yamagata, Y. (2015). A Conceptual Framework for Assessment of Urban Energy Resilience. Energy Procedia, 75, 2904–2909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.586 The construction plan for enhancing power grid resilience. (2023, July 28). Taipower Sustainability Section. https://service.taipower.com.tw/csr/en/news/GK/detail Thomas, S., & Kerner, D. (2010). DEFENSE ENERGY RESILIENCE: LESSONS FROM ECOLOGY. Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11329 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2023). International Energy Outlook 2023 with projections to 2050 (No. IEO2023). https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/ The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2021, January). Price elasticity for energy use in buildings in the United States - Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/energyuse/ The Federal Network Agency publishes forecasts on the approval process for electricity network expansion. (2023, June 26). Bundesnetzagentur. https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/20230626_Netzausbau.html?nn=265778 Tyler, S., & Moench, M. (2012). A framework for urban climate resilience. Climate and Development, 4(4), 311–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.745389 United Nations Economic Commission For Europe (UNECE). (2022). Building Resilient Energy Systems: Actions for Achieving Greater Energy Security, Affordability and Net-zero in the UNECE Region (Vol. 146). UNECE. U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2016). International Energy Outlook 2016. https://www.eia.gov/ Van Trieste J. (2021b, August 11). Bureau of Energy: Taiwan can learn from Germany’s green policies. RTI Radio Taiwan International. https://en.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2005903 Wettengel, J. (2022, February 18). Temporary “price shock” for oil and gas in event of Russian invasion of Ukraine – ifo head. Clean Energy Wire. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/temporary-price-shock-oil-and-gas-event-russian-invasion-ukraine-ifo-head Wettengel, J., Appunn, K., & Wehrmann, B. (2022, February 23). What does Germany’s decision to put Nord Stream 2 on hold mean? Clean Energy Wire. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/qa-what-does-germanys-decision-put-nord-stream-2-hold-mean World Economic Forum. (2023). The Global Risks Report 2023 (18th ed.). What is Clean Energy? How Does it Work? Why is it so Important? (n.d.). TWI. https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/clean-energy#WhatDoesCleanEnergyMean What are the problems faced by renewable energy? (n.d.). Regen Power. https://regenpower.com/what-are-the-problems-faced-by-renewable-energy/#:~:text=Renewable%20energy%20sources%20generate%20most,energy%20and%20wind%20are%20unpredictable. What is energy resilience? (n.d.). Centrica Business Solutions. https://www.centricabusinesssolutions.com/us/blogpost/what-energy-resilience World electricity final consumption by sector, 1974-2017 – Charts – Data & Statistics - IEA. (n.d.). IEA. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/world-electricity-final-consumption-by-sector-1974-2019 Chinese: Huang A. (2019, August 18). At the energy conference, Ma Ying-jeou mentioned the "1234" power generation version again. The Ministry of Economic Affairs: Is it going to lift local environmental protection controls?. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/115141 Chuang D. (2023, April 19). Solar panels are expensive to produce and difficult to recycle? Don’t be afraid, use “microwaves” to solve two problems at once! -ESG Sustainability Taiwan. Businesstoday. https://esg.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/180691/post/202304190029/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD%E6%9D%BF%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%98%E3%80%81%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%93%EF%BC%9F%E4%B8%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%80%95%EF%BC%8C%E7%94%A8%E3%80%8C%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E5%85%A9%E5%80%8B%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%EF%BC%81 Chen Weihong. (2022, December 19). Summary of the current situation of green power use in Taiwan》Solar and wind power generation have grown significantly. Business Weekly. https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/carbon-reduction/blog/3011317 Digital operations and community. Gao Weilun, Ruan Yiting. (2023, March 31). SDGs Lazy Pack》What are the sustainable development goals SDGs? 17 goals to master at once. Future City@World. https://futurecity.cw.com.tw/article/1867 Energy Statistics Manual 2018_Revised Edition. (n.d.). https://www.moeaboe.gov.tw/ECW_WEBPAGE/FlipBook/2018EnergyStaHandBook/#p= Energy Administration of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. (n.d.-b). Structure of Energy Supply [Dataset]. Energy Administration of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. https://www.esist.org.tw/publication/page2_detail?Id=1f4e9db436e4 Facing the 2050 net-zero transformation, the President: The energy transformation must continue, the industrial transformation must be accelerated, the life transformation must be initiated, and the social transformation must be just. (2022, March 21). Presidential Office of the Republic of China. https://www.president.gov.tw/News/26618 520th re-election anniversary: Taking stock of Tsai Ing-wen’s environmental and energy governance achievements. (2021, May 20). Environmental Information Center. https://e-info.org.tw/node/231184 Ministry of Economic Affairs. (2023). Taiwan’s 2050 Net-Zero Transition “Wind Power/Photovoltaic” Key Strategic Action Plan. In National Development Council. Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C., Statistics Division. (2023, July 17). my country's renewable energy installation capacity has increased by an average annual rate of 21.9% in the past five years, and the growth rate is higher than the global average. Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.. https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/Populace/news/News.aspx?kind=1&menu_id=40&news_id=110567#:~:text=1.%20%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%8A%E9%9B%A2,%E6%9C%88%E7%BA%8C%E5%8D%87%E8%87%B39.2%25%E3%80%82 Pacific Green Energy (Pge). (2022, December 9). [Green Energy Knowledge Base] Taiwan’s energy situation for lazy people | Understand energy policies, energy proportions and the current situation of renewable energy. PGE Pacific Green Energy | Solar panel power generation | National power plant. https://blog.pgesolar.com.tw/2021/02/25/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90 Qiu Liyan. (2023, April 7). ITRI launches easy-to-disassemble solar panels that can be fully recycled after scrapping. ESG Vision - Sustainability and Shared Good. https://esg.gvm.com.tw/article/25604 Liang Xi, & Wang Yijing. (2022). Mission: Renewable Impossible mission? Discussing Taiwan’s dilemmas in the net-zero transition. In Policy Research Indicators Database. https://pride.stpi.narl.org.tw/index/comp-result Li Sujun. (2023, January 3). The amount of photovoltaic installations in 2022 will reach 2.5GW, a record high. Environmental Information Center. https://e-info.org.tw/node/235831#:~:text=%E6%88%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%8A%9B%E8%A1%9D%E5%88%BA%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90,%E7%B4%AF%E7%A9%8D188%E5%BA%A7%E9%A2%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E7%B5%84%E3%80%82 Taipower Monthly - vol.719 Invest 564.5 billion over ten years to gauge the pulse of Taiwan’s power grid and formulate a strong plan. (n.d.). https://tpcjournal.taipower.com.tw/article/5772 Taiwan Renewable Energy Promotion Alliance. (2019, December 26). [How much do you know about green energy] Nine charts help you understand the current energy situation in Taiwan and the world. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/129232 Zhuang Maojie. (2023, July 3). Taipower invested 564.5 billion in "Strengthening Grid Resilience Plan" over 10 years, and the stock prices of related motor and cable companies tripled. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/188050 Zhang Yuping. (2022, July 6). Will "Fisheries and Electricity Symbiosis" be the dawn of energy transformation? 5 major controversies to be resolved | Social Enterprise Streaming | The most influential social innovation theme platform in the Chinese community. Social Enterprise Insights. https://www.seinsights.asia/article/8780 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
111266010資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111266010 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 湯京平 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tang, Ching-Ping en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張正穎 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Cheng-Ying en_US dc.creator (作者) 張正穎 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chang, Cheng-Ying en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 13:29:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 13:29:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 13:29:15 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111266010 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152675 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111266010 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 為了環境保護和能源韌性，可持續能源系統面臨多方面的挑戰。雖然可再生能源以其減少碳足跡的優勢提供了有希望的替代方案，但對其可靠性和持續可用性的擔憂依然存在。此外，像自然災害和地緣政治衝突等因素強調了能源韌性的必要性，倡導多元化和分散化的能源組合。本文旨在探討確保能源系統在長期發展中既具有韌性又永續的可行性，同時討論潔淨能源與韌性之間的兼容性。 全球對清潔能源解決方案的轉變正在因應氣候變化的擔憂而加速。德國於2010年啟動的能源轉型（Energiewende）計劃是顯著的成功案例，塑造了全球能源政策，並鞏固了可再生能源在德國能源格局中的角色。受德國方法的啟發，台灣也在追求增加可再生能源生產和減少排放的目標，旨在2050年前實現碳中和。通過對兩國能源政策和基礎設施的檢視和比較獲得全面的理解，再透過與學者和專家的訪談進一步闡明德國和台灣在能源轉型和可持續發展路徑中面臨的策略和挑戰。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Sustainable energy systems striving for environmental preservation and resilience encounter multifaceted challenges. While renewable energy sources offer a promising alternative with their reduced carbon footprint, concerns persist regarding their reliability and ongoing availability. Furthermore, factors like natural disasters and geopolitical conflicts underscore the necessity of energy resilience, advocating for a diverse and decentralized energy mix. This paper seeks to explore the viability of ensuring energy systems are both resilient and environmentally sustainable for long-term development, while also questioning the compatibility of clean energy with resilience. The global shift towards clean energy solutions is accelerating in response to climate change concerns. Germany's Energiewende initiative, launched in 2010, stands as a significant success story, shaping global energy policy and solidifying renewable energy's role in the German energy landscape. Inspired by Germany's approach, Taiwan is pursuing similar goals of increasing renewable energy production and reducing emissions, aiming to achieve carbon neutrality before 2050. Through an examination and comparison of the energy policies and infrastructure of both nations, this paper seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding. Interviews with scholars and experts will further illuminate the strategies and challenges faced by Germany and Taiwan in navigating energy transition and sustainable development pathways. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter One: Energy Security and Sustainable Development 1. Emerging Energy Challenge 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Can Energy Be Clean and Resilient? 3 Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 An Explanation of An Energy Resilience System 6 2.2 Key Components of an Energy Resilient System 6 2.2.1 Energy Demand 7 2.2.1.1 Dependence of Industrial Structure on Energy 7 2.2.1.2 Demand Elasticity 9 2.2.2 Energy Storage and Transmission 10 2.2.3 Energy Supply 12 2.2.3.1 Energy Security 13 2.2.3.2 Energy Diversification 14 2.3 Renewable Energy is Resilient Energy 15 2.4 The Contradiction Between Resilient and Clean 16 2.5 The Balance Between Energy Resilience and the Objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 17 2.6 Conceptual Framework 20 2.6.1 Building Resilience in Socio-Ecological Systems: A Framework for Urban Sustainability 21 2.6.2 Urban Energy Resilience: Integrating Sustainability and Adaptive Capacity 22 2.7 Research Framework 24 2.8 Using Germany as a Case Study to Analyze the Case of Taiwan 26 2.8.1 Germany 27 2.8.2 Taiwan 28 2.9 Methodology 33 2.10 Scope of Research 35 Chapter Three: The Germany Case 3.1 Germany’s Energy Policy-“Energiewende” 39 3.2 Problems Facing in Europe 41 3.3 Germany After the Russo-Ukrainian War 44 Chapter Four: The Case of Taiwan 4.1 Energy Deployment in Taiwan 51 4.2 Hidden Concerns about Taiwan’s Renewable Energy Development 53 4.3 Implications for Taiwan’s Energy After the COVID-19 Epidemic 57 4.4 Insights from Germany: A Reflection on Taiwan 58 4.4.1 Renewable Energy Targets & Energy Mix Composition 59 4.4.2 Grid Infrastructure 59 4.4.3 Policy Instruments & Energy Security 60 4.4.4 International Cooperation & Future Outlook 62 Chapter Five: Conclusion 5.1 Taiwan’s Energy Security Challenges and Responses 67 5.2 Energy Supply Stability and Reliability 68 5.3 Disaster Response and Energy Storage 69 5.4 Recommendations for Taiwan’s Future Sustainable Development 71 5.5 Limitations and Future Research Recommendations 74 References 77 zh_TW dc.format.extent 4192340 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111266010 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 德國 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能源政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可再生能源 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能源韌性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可持續發展 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Germany en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Energy policy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Renewable energy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Energy resilience en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sustainable development en_US dc.title (題名) 邁向2050年淨零碳排:整合政策促進可持續發展與能源韌性 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Enhancing Energy Resilience Through Integrated Policies for Sustainable Development: A Roadmap Towards Net-Zero Emissions by 2050 en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) English: Annabel, S. (2023, June 29). Germany sets out plans to expand power grids. Power Technology. https://www.power-technology.com/news/germany-to-expand-power-grids/?cf-view Aslanturk, O., & Kıprızlı, G. (2020). The Role of Renewable Energy in Ensuring Energy Security of Supply and Reducing Energy-Related Import. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(2), 354–359. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8414 Bhatt, G. (2022, December 1). Climate Security and Energy Security Must Go Hand-in-Hand. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/12/01/climate-security-and-energy-security-must-go-hand-in-hand Boychev, B. (2022). Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/bulef56479.2022.10021212 Bauer, J. (2015, May 15). p-Watch—The German Energy Transition: best practices in renewable energy and energy efficiency - APO. Asian Productivity Organization (APO). https://www.apo-tokyo.org/articles/p-watch-the-german-energy-transition-best-practices-in-renewable-energy-and-energy-efficiency/ Building sustainability and resilience in the energy sector. (2021). Development Asia. https://development.asia/summary/building-sustainability-and-resilience-energy-sector Bundesnetzagentur - Rückblick: Gasversorgung im Jahr 2022. (n.d.). https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Gasversorgung/a_Gasversorgung_2022/start.html BMWi, B. M. U. (2010). Energy Concept for an Environmentally Sound, Reliable, and Affordable Energy Supply. Berlin: BMWi. Can Europe survive painlessly without Russian gas? (2024, January 16). Bruegel | the Brussels-based Economic Think Tank. https://www.bruegel.org/blog-post/can-europe-survive-painlessly-without-russian-gas Carlarne, P. (2010). Climate change law and policy: EU and US approaches. Oxford University Press. Choe, J. (1981). Energy Demand Elasticities: Concept Evidence and Implications. The World Bank, DWC-8102. Charquet, C. (2024, March 4). Germany’s energy transition: the Energiewende. Meer. https://www.meer.com/en/77779-germanys-energy-transition-the-energiewende#:~:text=Hereafter%2C%20we%20use%20Germany's%20energy,affordable%20EU%20energy%20supply13. Chiba, M., & Katsuma, Y. (2022). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as international norms. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 3–12). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003205951-2 Department of Investment Services, Ministry of Economic Affairs. (2022). Key innovative industries in Taiwan-Green energy. In InvesTaiwan. https://investtaiwan.nat.gov.tw/showIndInfo?guid=8&lang=eng### DR and Resilience to Extreme Weather | Enel North America. (2023, January 20). https://www.enelnorthamerica.com/insights/blogs/what-is-energy-resilience Demirbaş, A. (2002). Energy Conservation and Storage Systems. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 20(5), 391–399. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43754599 Energy resilience. (n.d.). Energy.gov. https://www.energy.gov/eere/energy-resilience Epstein, A. (n.d.). Energy talking points - Resilience. https://energytalkingpoints.com/resilience/#:~:text=Natural%20gas%20is%20not%20usually,gas%20plants%20will%20go%20down. European natural gas imports. (2024, January 12). Bruegel | the Brussels-based Economic Think Tank. https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/european-natural-gas-imports Energy Resilience Framework. (n.d.). Arup. https://www.arup.com/energy-resilience-framework Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. (2023, June 7). What is the current status of international energy cooperation involving Taiwan? What is the prospect of the cooperation? https://www.moeaea.gov.tw/ECW/English/content/Content.aspx?menu_id=1680 Eloy, P., Iñigo, M., & Jaime, S. (2016). The German Energy Transition (Energiewende) policy, energy transformation and industrial development (ISSN2340‐7638). Cuadernos Orkestra. https://www.orkestra.deusto.es/images/investigacion/publicaciones/informes/cuadernos-orkestra/Energiewende_English.pdf Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. (2017). Electricity 2030. https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/electricity-2030-concluding-paper.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. (2020). Germany’s Energy Efficiency Strategy 2050. Feigenbaum, A., & Hou, J. (2020, April 27). Overcoming Taiwan’s energy trilemma. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/04/27/overcoming-taiwan-s-energy-trilemma-pub-81645 Findlay, K. (2020, July 2). Is renewable energy the definition of resilience? REN21. https://www.ren21.net/renewable-energy-resilient/ Garvey, D. (2015). Integrating Energy Storage with Renewable Energy Generation. Wind Engineering, 39(2), 129–140. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90007058 German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. (2023). Energy and Climate Partnerships and Energy Dialogues 2022 Annual Report. In German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Textsammlungen/Energy/international-energy-policy.html Germany - Countries & Regions - IEA. (n.d.). IEA. https://www.iea.org/countries/germany Gitelman, D., Kozhevnikov, M., & Visotskaya, Y. (2023). Diversification as a Method of Ensuring the Sustainability of Energy Supply within the Energy Transition. Resources, 12(2), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12020019 Gözgör, G., & Paramati, S. R. (2021). Does Energy Diversification Cause an Economic Slowdown? Evidence from a Newly Constructed Energy Diversification Index. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907730 Global Leadership English Challenge (GLEC). (2021, October 21). Introduction of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Introduction of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) : GLEC Global. https://gleader.org/sdgs/?q=YToyOntzOjEyOiJrZXl3b3JkX3R5cGUiO3M6MzoiYWxsIjtzOjQ6InBhZ2UiO2k6Mjt9&bmode=view&idx=8591016&t=board GOAL 7: Affordable and clean energy. (n.d.). UNEP - UN Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-7#:~:text=Target%207.1%3A%20By%202030%2C%20ensure,of%20improvement%20in%20energy%20efficiency Global electricity consumption 2022 | Statista. (2023, September 19). Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/280704/world-power-consumption/ Germany - Energy. (2023, December 6). International Trade Administration | Trade.gov. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/germany-energy#:~:text=The%20policy%20also%20includes%20phasing,likely%20be%20advanced%20to%202030 Gao, M., Fan, C., & Liao, C. (2018). Application of German energy transition in Taiwan: A critical review of unique electricity liberalization as a core strategy to achieve renewable energy growth. Energy Policy, 120, 644–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.010 Hoang, T., Sandro Nižetić, Olcer, I., Ong, C., Chen, H., Chong, T., Thomas, S., Bandh, A., & Nguyen, P. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy system and the shift progress to renewable energy: Opportunities, challenges, and policy implications. Energy policy, 154, 112322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112322 Industry - Energy System - IEA. (n.d.). IEA. https://www.iea.org/energy-system/industry IEA (2020), Germany 2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/germany-2020 , License: CC BY 4.0 Jasiūnas, J., Lund, P., & Mikkola, J. (2021). Energy system resilience – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 150, 111476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111476 Jiang, Q., Cai, B., Zhang, Y., Xie, M., & Liu, C. (2023). Resilience assessment methodology of natural gas network system under random leakage. Reliability Engineering & Systems Safety, 234, 109134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109134 KNOPF, B., PAHLE, M., KONDZIELLA, H., JOAS, F., EDENHOFER, O., & BRUCKNER, T. (2014). Germany’s Nuclear Phase-out: Sensitivities and Impacts on Electricity Prices and CO2 Emissions. Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, 3(1), 89–106. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26189266 Kurian, L. (2012). SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ENERGY SECTOR. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 73(4), 673–682. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41858875 Liu, K. (2022, October 15). Facing an energy crisis, is Europe really embracing nuclear? Common Wealth Magazine, 758. https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=3310 Ludwig, D., Walker, B., & Holling, C. S. (1997). Sustainability, Stability, and Resilience. Conservation Ecology, 1(1). http://www.jstor.org/stable/26271645 Meza, E. (2022, October 12). Germany sees slight increase of power outages for first time in years. Clean Energy Wire. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/germany-sees-slight-increase-power-outages-first-time-years Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. (2024, March 13). Taiwan’s offshore wind power installation exceeds 2GW to lead the Asia-Pacific region in 2023. Ministry of Economic Affairs. https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=176&news_id=114116 Naseer S, Khalid S, Parveen S, Abbass K, Song H and Achim MV (2023) COVID-19 outbreak: Impact on global economy. Front. Public Health 10:1009393. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009393 Nuclear explained- Nuclear power and the environment. (2022, November 7). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/nuclear/nuclear-power-and-the-environment.php#:~:text=Nuclear%20energy%20produces%20radioactive%20waste,health%20for%20thousands%20of%20years. Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. (n.d.). Promote green energy, increase nature gas, reduce coal-fired, achieve nuclear-free. https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/english/Policy/Policy.aspx?menu_id=32904&policy_id=19 Office of the President, ROC (Taiwan). (2021, November 7). President Tsai addresses COP26 Taiwan Day event. https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/6186 OECD (2023), OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels 2023, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/87dc4a55-en. Osman, I., Chen, L., Yang, M. et al. Cost, environmental impact, and resilience of renewable energy under a changing climate: a review. Environ Chem Lett 21, 741–764 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01532-8 Pegels, A., & Lütkenhorst, W. (2014). Is Germany׳s energy transition a case of successful green industrial policy? contrasting wind and solar PV. Energy Policy, 74, 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.06.031 Papathanasiou, D. (2023, October 2). Why energy storage matters for the global energy transition. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/energy/why-energy-storage-matters-global-energy-transition#:~:text=In%20this%20context%2C%20energy%20storage,while%20increasing%20security%20of%20supply. Pyke, T. (2017, April 12). The energy debate: Renewable energy cannot replace fossil fuels - DevelopmentEducation.ie. DevelopmentEducation.ie. https://developmenteducation.ie/feature/the-energy-debate-renewable-energy-cannot-replace-fossil-fuels/ Rahman, A., Farrok, O., & Haque, M. (2022). Environmental impact of renewable energy source based electrical power plants: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, ocean, and osmotic. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 161, 112279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112279 Renewables – Global Energy Review 2020 – Analysis - IEA. (n.d.). IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020/renewables#abstract Resilience with 100% renewable power (Text version). (n.d.). NREL. https://www.nrel.gov/news/video/resilience-with-100-renewable-power-text.html#:~:text=With%20the%20right%20design%20and,to%20make%20this%20a%20reality. Russo, K. (2023). What is elasticity of demand? Oracle NetSuite. https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/business-strategy/elasticity-of-demand.shtml Renewable energy market update - June 2023 – analysis - IEA. (2023, June). IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewable-energy-market-update-june-2023 Schneider, M., & Froggatt, A. (2019, September 27). The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2019 (HTML). The World Nuclear Industry Status Report. https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/The-World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2019-HTML.html Sharma, A. (2023, July 26). Fitting Germany’s nuclear phaseout into its renewable ambitions. Power Technology. https://www.power-technology.com/features/fitting-germanys-nuclear-phaseout-into-its-renewable-ambitions/?cf-view Statista. (2023, August 3). German natural gas imports from Russia monthly 2021-2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1332783/german-gas-imports-from-russia/ Statista. (2024, January 11). Natural gas supply situation in Germany 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1332667/natural-gas-supply-germany/ Storia. (2024, January 26). Alternative and Renewable Energy: A sustainable solution for a greener future - Storiacity. Storiacity. https://storiacity.com/alternative-and-renewable-energy-a-sustainable-solution-for-a-greener-future/ Sellberg, M., Wilkinson, C., & Peterson, G. D. (2015). Resilience assessment: a useful approach to navigate urban sustainability challenges. Ecology and Society, 20(1). http://www.jstor.org/stable/26269738 Surash, J. (2019). Prioritizing Energy Resilience on Army Installations. The Military Engineer, 111(724), 65–66. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26841942 Sánchez, G., Zhang, Q., Martı́N, M., & Vega, P. (2022). Towards a new renewable power system using energy storage: An economic and social analysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 252, 115056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115056 Sharifi, A., & Yamagata, Y. (2015). A Conceptual Framework for Assessment of Urban Energy Resilience. Energy Procedia, 75, 2904–2909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.586 The construction plan for enhancing power grid resilience. (2023, July 28). Taipower Sustainability Section. https://service.taipower.com.tw/csr/en/news/GK/detail Thomas, S., & Kerner, D. (2010). DEFENSE ENERGY RESILIENCE: LESSONS FROM ECOLOGY. Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11329 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2023). International Energy Outlook 2023 with projections to 2050 (No. IEO2023). https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/ The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2021, January). Price elasticity for energy use in buildings in the United States - Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/energyuse/ The Federal Network Agency publishes forecasts on the approval process for electricity network expansion. (2023, June 26). Bundesnetzagentur. https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/20230626_Netzausbau.html?nn=265778 Tyler, S., & Moench, M. (2012). A framework for urban climate resilience. Climate and Development, 4(4), 311–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.745389 United Nations Economic Commission For Europe (UNECE). (2022). Building Resilient Energy Systems: Actions for Achieving Greater Energy Security, Affordability and Net-zero in the UNECE Region (Vol. 146). UNECE. U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2016). International Energy Outlook 2016. https://www.eia.gov/ Van Trieste J. (2021b, August 11). Bureau of Energy: Taiwan can learn from Germany’s green policies. RTI Radio Taiwan International. https://en.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2005903 Wettengel, J. (2022, February 18). Temporary “price shock” for oil and gas in event of Russian invasion of Ukraine – ifo head. Clean Energy Wire. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/temporary-price-shock-oil-and-gas-event-russian-invasion-ukraine-ifo-head Wettengel, J., Appunn, K., & Wehrmann, B. (2022, February 23). What does Germany’s decision to put Nord Stream 2 on hold mean? Clean Energy Wire. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/qa-what-does-germanys-decision-put-nord-stream-2-hold-mean World Economic Forum. (2023). The Global Risks Report 2023 (18th ed.). What is Clean Energy? How Does it Work? Why is it so Important? (n.d.). TWI. https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/clean-energy#WhatDoesCleanEnergyMean What are the problems faced by renewable energy? (n.d.). Regen Power. https://regenpower.com/what-are-the-problems-faced-by-renewable-energy/#:~:text=Renewable%20energy%20sources%20generate%20most,energy%20and%20wind%20are%20unpredictable. What is energy resilience? (n.d.). Centrica Business Solutions. https://www.centricabusinesssolutions.com/us/blogpost/what-energy-resilience World electricity final consumption by sector, 1974-2017 – Charts – Data & Statistics - IEA. (n.d.). IEA. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/world-electricity-final-consumption-by-sector-1974-2019 Chinese: Huang A. (2019, August 18). At the energy conference, Ma Ying-jeou mentioned the "1234" power generation version again. The Ministry of Economic Affairs: Is it going to lift local environmental protection controls?. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/115141 Chuang D. (2023, April 19). Solar panels are expensive to produce and difficult to recycle? Don’t be afraid, use “microwaves” to solve two problems at once! -ESG Sustainability Taiwan. Businesstoday. https://esg.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/180691/post/202304190029/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD%E6%9D%BF%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%98%E3%80%81%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%93%EF%BC%9F%E4%B8%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%80%95%EF%BC%8C%E7%94%A8%E3%80%8C%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E5%85%A9%E5%80%8B%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%EF%BC%81 Chen Weihong. (2022, December 19). Summary of the current situation of green power use in Taiwan》Solar and wind power generation have grown significantly. Business Weekly. https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/carbon-reduction/blog/3011317 Digital operations and community. Gao Weilun, Ruan Yiting. (2023, March 31). SDGs Lazy Pack》What are the sustainable development goals SDGs? 17 goals to master at once. Future City@World. https://futurecity.cw.com.tw/article/1867 Energy Statistics Manual 2018_Revised Edition. (n.d.). https://www.moeaboe.gov.tw/ECW_WEBPAGE/FlipBook/2018EnergyStaHandBook/#p= Energy Administration of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. (n.d.-b). Structure of Energy Supply [Dataset]. Energy Administration of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. https://www.esist.org.tw/publication/page2_detail?Id=1f4e9db436e4 Facing the 2050 net-zero transformation, the President: The energy transformation must continue, the industrial transformation must be accelerated, the life transformation must be initiated, and the social transformation must be just. (2022, March 21). Presidential Office of the Republic of China. https://www.president.gov.tw/News/26618 520th re-election anniversary: Taking stock of Tsai Ing-wen’s environmental and energy governance achievements. (2021, May 20). Environmental Information Center. https://e-info.org.tw/node/231184 Ministry of Economic Affairs. (2023). Taiwan’s 2050 Net-Zero Transition “Wind Power/Photovoltaic” Key Strategic Action Plan. In National Development Council. Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C., Statistics Division. (2023, July 17). my country's renewable energy installation capacity has increased by an average annual rate of 21.9% in the past five years, and the growth rate is higher than the global average. Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.. https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/Populace/news/News.aspx?kind=1&menu_id=40&news_id=110567#:~:text=1.%20%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%8A%E9%9B%A2,%E6%9C%88%E7%BA%8C%E5%8D%87%E8%87%B39.2%25%E3%80%82 Pacific Green Energy (Pge). (2022, December 9). [Green Energy Knowledge Base] Taiwan’s energy situation for lazy people | Understand energy policies, energy proportions and the current situation of renewable energy. PGE Pacific Green Energy | Solar panel power generation | National power plant. https://blog.pgesolar.com.tw/2021/02/25/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90 Qiu Liyan. (2023, April 7). ITRI launches easy-to-disassemble solar panels that can be fully recycled after scrapping. ESG Vision - Sustainability and Shared Good. https://esg.gvm.com.tw/article/25604 Liang Xi, & Wang Yijing. (2022). Mission: Renewable Impossible mission? Discussing Taiwan’s dilemmas in the net-zero transition. In Policy Research Indicators Database. https://pride.stpi.narl.org.tw/index/comp-result Li Sujun. (2023, January 3). The amount of photovoltaic installations in 2022 will reach 2.5GW, a record high. Environmental Information Center. https://e-info.org.tw/node/235831#:~:text=%E6%88%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%8A%9B%E8%A1%9D%E5%88%BA%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90,%E7%B4%AF%E7%A9%8D188%E5%BA%A7%E9%A2%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E7%B5%84%E3%80%82 Taipower Monthly - vol.719 Invest 564.5 billion over ten years to gauge the pulse of Taiwan’s power grid and formulate a strong plan. (n.d.). https://tpcjournal.taipower.com.tw/article/5772 Taiwan Renewable Energy Promotion Alliance. (2019, December 26). [How much do you know about green energy] Nine charts help you understand the current energy situation in Taiwan and the world. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/129232 Zhuang Maojie. (2023, July 3). Taipower invested 564.5 billion in "Strengthening Grid Resilience Plan" over 10 years, and the stock prices of related motor and cable companies tripled. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/188050 Zhang Yuping. (2022, July 6). Will "Fisheries and Electricity Symbiosis" be the dawn of energy transformation? 5 major controversies to be resolved | Social Enterprise Streaming | The most influential social innovation theme platform in the Chinese community. Social Enterprise Insights. https://www.seinsights.asia/article/8780 zh_TW
