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題名 科技供應商如何影響海港競爭力: 以 AI 在歐洲碼頭的應用為例
The Role of Technology Suppliers in Shaping Competitive Dynamics: The Usage of AI in European Seaport Terminals
作者 李鈺祥
Lee, Yu-Hsiang
貢獻者 蔡政憲
Tsai, Cheng-Hsien
李鈺祥
Lee, Yu-Hsiang
關鍵詞 影像辨識
智慧碼頭
科技
競爭力
AI
Competitive Advantage
Seaport
Strategy
VRIN
日期 2024
上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 13:45:56 (UTC+8)
摘要 這篇論文探討科技技術供應商，特別是人工智慧（AI）軟體提供商在歐洲港口碼頭競爭力提升上的關鍵角色。隨著全球貨物運輸量的持續增加，採用AI策略成為一個關鍵重要的解決方案。論文提供了證據和示例，說明港口碼頭如何有效利用AI並與AI提供商合作以提高效率、服務質量和安全性。 此外，論文深入研究了大港口和小港口之間的差異和競爭，旨在加深我們對AI在競爭優勢長期影響的理解。通過波特(Michael Porter)的差異化策略和VRIN框架的理論基礎，研究提供了技術供應商如何影響和塑造港口碼頭行業長期競爭優勢的見解。 通過定性分析，研究說明AI提供商可以幫助港口碼頭獲得和維持長期競爭優勢，特別是在效率和服務差異化方面。然而，這些優勢並非在所有碼頭之間均勻分佈。AI提供廠商會策略性地選擇客戶，影響優勢的分配。研究也明確指出，對於港口碼頭來說，並不存在立即可以使用的AI解決方案。AI提供商和港口碼頭必須緊密合作，以培育深入的港口-AI供應商關係。這種合作可以確保港口獲得量身定制的服務、解決方案以及過渡到AI智慧港口所需的所有幫助。
This paper explores the pivotal role of technology suppliers, particularly AI providers, in shaping competitive dynamics within European seaport terminals. As the global volume of cargo shipments continues to surge, adopting AI strategies emerges as a compelling solution to manage the increasing volume of containers on a daily basis. The thesis provides evidence and examples illustrating how seaport terminals can effectively utilize AI and collaborate with AI providers to enhance efficiency, service quality, and safety. Furthermore, the thesis delves into the disparities and competition between large and small port terminals, seeking to deepen our understanding of AI's long-term impact on competitive advantage downstream. By examining the theoretical frameworks of Michael Porter's Differentiation Strategy and the VRIN framework, the research offers insights into how technology suppliers can influence and shape long-term competitive advantage in the seaport terminal industry. Through qualitative analysis, the research shows that AI providers can help seaport terminals gain and sustain a long-term competitive advantage, especially in efficiency and service differentiation. However, the benefits are not evenly distributed among all terminals. AI providers strategically select their customers, significantly influencing the distribution of advantages. The study also makes it clear that there is no out-of-the-box AI solution for seaport terminal. Both AI providers and seaport terminals have to work closely together to nurture strong seaport-AI supplier relationships. This collaboration can guarantee the seaport receives tailored services, solutions, and all the assistance needed to transition to an AI seaport.
參考文獻 Abdelaziz, T. A. I., & Fazil, U. (2023, November 8). Applications of integration of AI-based Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Generative AI in Document Understanding and Processing. https://researchberg.com/index.php/araic/article/view/171 Aiello, G., Giallanza, A., & Mascarella, G. (2020). Towards Shipping 4.0. A preliminary gap analysis. Procedia Manufacturing, 42, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.019 Alshenqeeti, H. (2014). Interviewing as a Data Collection Method: A Critical review. English Linguistics Research, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v3n1p39 A.P. Møller - Mærsk A/S. (2023). Sustainability Report 2023. https://www.maersk.com/sustainability Bahrami, Z., Zhang, R., Rayhana, R., & Liu, Z. (2021, August 16). Deep learning-based framework for shipping container security Seal Detection. IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9564154 Barney, J. B. (2004). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. In Advances in strategic management (pp. 203–227). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4 Baştuğ, S., Arabelen, G., Vural, C. A., & Deveci, D. A. (2020). A value chain analysis of a seaport from the perspective of Industry 4.0. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 12(4), 367. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijstl.2020.108405 Berg, B. (2007). An Introduction to Content Analysis. In B. L. Berg (Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (pp. 238-267). Allyn and Bacon, Boston. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1370538 Camco Technologies. (2022, June 21). Camco Technologies on LinkedIn: #containers #ai #terminals #containershipping #containerhandling. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/camco-technologies_containers-ai-terminals-activity-6944935200749441024-ilrW?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop Carbone, V., & Marcella, D. M. (2003). The changing role of ports in supply-chain management: an empirical analysis. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/tafmarpmg/v_3a30_3ay_3a2003_3ai_3a4_3ap_3a305-320.htm CERTUS Automation. (2022, September 20). References - CERTUS Automation. https://certusautomation.com/references/ CERTUS Automation. (2023, November 22). CERTUS Automation on LinkedIn: multi-user AutoGate solution for Cooperative City Terminal Rotterdam. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/certus-automation_multi-user-autogate-solution-for-cooperative-activity-7133011337701404673-1956?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop CERTUS Automation. (2024, January 8). Gate OCR Portal - CERTUS Automation. https://certusautomation.com/gate-ocr-portal/ Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage Publications. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1690485 Chen, Y.-G. (2023, September 5). 安恩嘉攜手長榮海運 導入國際級海港智慧 AI 貨櫃辨識. 工商時報. https://www.ctee.com.tw/news/20220802700540-431202 Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage, Thousand Oaks. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1991473 Cutmore, N., Liu, Y., & Tickner, J. (2010). Development and commercialization of a fast-neutron/x-ray Cargo Scanner. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ths.2010.5655030 De Langen, P. W. (2007). Port competition and selection in contestable hinterlands; the case of Austria. In EJTIR (Vols. 7–7, Issue 1, pp. 1–14). Demirbas, D., Flint, H., & Bennett, D. (2014). Supply chain interfaces between a port utilizing organisation and port operator. Supply Chain Management, 19(1), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-04-2013-0137 European Commission. (2020). Putting European transport on track for the future. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-04/2021-mobility-strategy-and-action-plan.pdf European Labour Authority. (2023, November 14). Persistent labour shortages in Europe: latest insights from the ESDE report. https://www.ela.europa.eu/en/news-event/newsroom/persistent-labour-shortages-europe-latest-insights-esde-report Eurostat. (2023, December 15). Labour Cost Index - news release [Press release]. Federal Ministry Republic of Austria, Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology. (n.d.). Rules and categories. https://www.bmk.gv.at/en/topics/mobility/transportation/dangerousgoods/rules.html Guan, C. Q. (2009). Analysis of marine container terminal gate congestion, truck waiting cost, and system optimization. In Dissertations. https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/902 Jin, J., Ma, M., Jin, H., Cui, T., & Bai, R. (2023). Container terminal daily gate in and gate out forecasting using machine learning methods. Transport Policy, 132, 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.11.010 McKinsey & Company. (2017). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE NEXT DIGITAL FRONTIER? In DISCUSSION PAPER. McKinsey & Company. (2023, August 1). The state of AI in 2023: Generative AI’s breakout year. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai-in-2023-generative-ais-breakout-year Mooij, C. (2024a, February 5). How Linescan is changing the way we see damage. CERTUS Automation. https://certusautomation.com/blog/linescan-blog/ Mooij, C. (2024b, February 5). How Linescan is changing the way we see damage. CERTUS Automation. https://certusautomation.com/blog/linescan-blog/ Mooij, C. (2024c, April 3). Eimskip Iceland: how automation changed everything in a terminal. CERTUS Automation. https://certusautomation.com/news/eimskip-iceland/ Notteboom, T., Pallis, A. A., & Rodrigue, J. (2021). Port Economics, Management and Policy. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429318184 OECD. (2017). OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017: The digital transformation. OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264268821-en Pallis, A. A., Vitsounis, T. K., De Langen, P. W., & Notteboom, T. E. (2011). PORT Economics, Policy and Management: Content Classification and survey. Transport Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2010.530699 Park, N. K., & Suh, S. C. (2019). Tendency toward Mega Containerships and the Constraints of Container Terminals. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(5), 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7050131 Porter, M. E. (1980). Industry structure and competitive strategy: keys to profitability. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(4), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v36.n4.30 PwC. (2018). 2018 AI predictions. In PwC AI Predictions for 2018. https://pwc.com/us/AI2018 Ransbotham, S., Kiron, D., Gerbert, P., & Reeves, M. (2017, September 6). Reshaping business with artificial intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/projects/reshaping-business-with-artificial-intelligence/ Shaheen, A., & Abd El-All, H. M. (2014). The competitive advantage of seaports and applied to the East Port Said - Port Said. In Impact Journals, IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences (pp. 111–120 ). Slack, B., & Frémont, A. (2005). Transformation of port terminal operations: from the local to the global. Transport Reviews, 25(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164042000206051 Song, D. H., & Panayides, P. M. (2008). Global supply chain and port/terminal: integration and competitiveness. Maritime Policy & Management, 35(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830701848953 Wang, Z., Gao, J., Zeng, Q., & Sun, Y. (2021). Multitype damage detection of container using CNN based on transfer learning. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5395494 World Shipping Council. (2021). Top 50 ports — World Shipping Council. https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports WorldCargo News. (2024, April 23). What does gate automation look like for the people involved? ‣ WorldCargo News. https://www.worldcargonews.com/automation/2024/04/what-does-gate-automation-look-like-for-the-people-involved/?gdpr=accept Zicari, R. (2017, August 6). Artificial intelligence, the next digital frontier, McKinsey Global Institute study – ODBMS.org. https://www.odbms.org/2017/08/artificial-intelligence-the-next-digital-frontier-mckinsey-global-institute-study/
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
111933002
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111933002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蔡政憲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Cheng-Hsienen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李鈺祥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Yu-Hsiangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李鈺祥zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lee, Yu-Hsiangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 13:45:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 13:45:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 13:45:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111933002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152741-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111933002zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 這篇論文探討科技技術供應商，特別是人工智慧（AI）軟體提供商在歐洲港口碼頭競爭力提升上的關鍵角色。隨著全球貨物運輸量的持續增加，採用AI策略成為一個關鍵重要的解決方案。論文提供了證據和示例，說明港口碼頭如何有效利用AI並與AI提供商合作以提高效率、服務質量和安全性。 此外，論文深入研究了大港口和小港口之間的差異和競爭，旨在加深我們對AI在競爭優勢長期影響的理解。通過波特(Michael Porter)的差異化策略和VRIN框架的理論基礎，研究提供了技術供應商如何影響和塑造港口碼頭行業長期競爭優勢的見解。 通過定性分析，研究說明AI提供商可以幫助港口碼頭獲得和維持長期競爭優勢，特別是在效率和服務差異化方面。然而，這些優勢並非在所有碼頭之間均勻分佈。AI提供廠商會策略性地選擇客戶，影響優勢的分配。研究也明確指出，對於港口碼頭來說，並不存在立即可以使用的AI解決方案。AI提供商和港口碼頭必須緊密合作，以培育深入的港口-AI供應商關係。這種合作可以確保港口獲得量身定制的服務、解決方案以及過渡到AI智慧港口所需的所有幫助。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This paper explores the pivotal role of technology suppliers, particularly AI providers, in shaping competitive dynamics within European seaport terminals. As the global volume of cargo shipments continues to surge, adopting AI strategies emerges as a compelling solution to manage the increasing volume of containers on a daily basis. The thesis provides evidence and examples illustrating how seaport terminals can effectively utilize AI and collaborate with AI providers to enhance efficiency, service quality, and safety. Furthermore, the thesis delves into the disparities and competition between large and small port terminals, seeking to deepen our understanding of AI's long-term impact on competitive advantage downstream. By examining the theoretical frameworks of Michael Porter's Differentiation Strategy and the VRIN framework, the research offers insights into how technology suppliers can influence and shape long-term competitive advantage in the seaport terminal industry. Through qualitative analysis, the research shows that AI providers can help seaport terminals gain and sustain a long-term competitive advantage, especially in efficiency and service differentiation. However, the benefits are not evenly distributed among all terminals. AI providers strategically select their customers, significantly influencing the distribution of advantages. The study also makes it clear that there is no out-of-the-box AI solution for seaport terminal. Both AI providers and seaport terminals have to work closely together to nurture strong seaport-AI supplier relationships. This collaboration can guarantee the seaport receives tailored services, solutions, and all the assistance needed to transition to an AI seaport.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Problem Formulation 2 1.2 Objective 3 1.3 Structure 4 2 Theoretical Framework 6 2.1 Michael Porter's Differentiation Strategy 6 2.2 VRIN Resources 9 3 Empirical Setting 10 3.1 Port Competition 10 3.1.1 Inter-port Competition 12 3.1.2 Intra-port Competition 13 3.2 Port Differentiation Factors 14 3.3 Port VRIN Competitive Advantage Analysis 15 3.4 ICT Innovations for Ports 17 3.5 AI Technologies Ready For Ports 20 3.5.1 Seal Presence Detection 21 3.5.2 Damage Container Detection 22 3.5.3 Hazardous Placard Class Recognition 23 3.5.4 AI-powered OCR Technology 24 3.6 Port Terminal Gate In/Out Environment 26 3.7 Port Performance Measurement 27 4 Methodology 28 4.1 Interview guide 30 4.2 Interview participants 32 4.3 Interview Process 34 5 Empirical Insights 35 5.1 AI increases the efficiency of terminal operator 39 5.2 AI increases the service of terminal operator 41 5.3 AI enhances safety in the seaport terminal environment 43 5.4 AI empowers both the large players and the small players 45 5.5 Strategic Customer Prioritization by AI Providers 46 6 Discussion 47 6.1 Managerial implication 47 6.2 Limitation and Future Research 49 7. Conclusion 50 8. Reference 54 Appendix: Interview Guide 60zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1134939 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111933002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 影像辨識zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧碼頭zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科技zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 競爭力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) AIen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Competitive Advantageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Seaporten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Strategyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) VRINen_US
dc.title (題名) 科技供應商如何影響海港競爭力: 以 AI 在歐洲碼頭的應用為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Role of Technology Suppliers in Shaping Competitive Dynamics: The Usage of AI in European Seaport Terminalsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abdelaziz, T. A. I., & Fazil, U. (2023, November 8). Applications of integration of AI-based Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Generative AI in Document Understanding and Processing. https://researchberg.com/index.php/araic/article/view/171 Aiello, G., Giallanza, A., & Mascarella, G. (2020). Towards Shipping 4.0. A preliminary gap analysis. Procedia Manufacturing, 42, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.019 Alshenqeeti, H. (2014). Interviewing as a Data Collection Method: A Critical review. English Linguistics Research, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v3n1p39 A.P. Møller - Mærsk A/S. (2023). Sustainability Report 2023. https://www.maersk.com/sustainability Bahrami, Z., Zhang, R., Rayhana, R., & Liu, Z. (2021, August 16). Deep learning-based framework for shipping container security Seal Detection. IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9564154 Barney, J. B. (2004). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. In Advances in strategic management (pp. 203–227). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4 Baştuğ, S., Arabelen, G., Vural, C. A., & Deveci, D. A. (2020). A value chain analysis of a seaport from the perspective of Industry 4.0. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 12(4), 367. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijstl.2020.108405 Berg, B. (2007). An Introduction to Content Analysis. In B. L. Berg (Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (pp. 238-267). Allyn and Bacon, Boston. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1370538 Camco Technologies. (2022, June 21). Camco Technologies on LinkedIn: #containers #ai #terminals #containershipping #containerhandling. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/camco-technologies_containers-ai-terminals-activity-6944935200749441024-ilrW?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop Carbone, V., & Marcella, D. M. (2003). The changing role of ports in supply-chain management: an empirical analysis. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/tafmarpmg/v_3a30_3ay_3a2003_3ai_3a4_3ap_3a305-320.htm CERTUS Automation. (2022, September 20). References - CERTUS Automation. https://certusautomation.com/references/ CERTUS Automation. (2023, November 22). CERTUS Automation on LinkedIn: multi-user AutoGate solution for Cooperative City Terminal Rotterdam. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/certus-automation_multi-user-autogate-solution-for-cooperative-activity-7133011337701404673-1956?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop CERTUS Automation. (2024, January 8). Gate OCR Portal - CERTUS Automation. https://certusautomation.com/gate-ocr-portal/ Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage Publications. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1690485 Chen, Y.-G. (2023, September 5). 安恩嘉攜手長榮海運 導入國際級海港智慧 AI 貨櫃辨識. 工商時報. https://www.ctee.com.tw/news/20220802700540-431202 Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage, Thousand Oaks. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1991473 Cutmore, N., Liu, Y., & Tickner, J. (2010). Development and commercialization of a fast-neutron/x-ray Cargo Scanner. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ths.2010.5655030 De Langen, P. W. (2007). Port competition and selection in contestable hinterlands; the case of Austria. In EJTIR (Vols. 7–7, Issue 1, pp. 1–14). Demirbas, D., Flint, H., & Bennett, D. (2014). Supply chain interfaces between a port utilizing organisation and port operator. Supply Chain Management, 19(1), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-04-2013-0137 European Commission. (2020). Putting European transport on track for the future. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-04/2021-mobility-strategy-and-action-plan.pdf European Labour Authority. (2023, November 14). Persistent labour shortages in Europe: latest insights from the ESDE report. https://www.ela.europa.eu/en/news-event/newsroom/persistent-labour-shortages-europe-latest-insights-esde-report Eurostat. (2023, December 15). Labour Cost Index - news release [Press release]. Federal Ministry Republic of Austria, Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology. (n.d.). Rules and categories. https://www.bmk.gv.at/en/topics/mobility/transportation/dangerousgoods/rules.html Guan, C. Q. (2009). Analysis of marine container terminal gate congestion, truck waiting cost, and system optimization. In Dissertations. https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/902 Jin, J., Ma, M., Jin, H., Cui, T., & Bai, R. (2023). 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