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題名 臺北市公共自行車系統升級後之使用特性與站點網絡效應分析
Analysis of Usage Characteristics and Station Network Effects after the Upgrade of Public Bike System in Taipei City作者 邱華奕
Chiu, Hua-Yi貢獻者 白仁德<br>甯方璽
Pai, Jen-Te<br>Ning, Fang-Shii
邱華奕
Chiu, Hua-Yi關鍵詞 公共自行車使用特性
第四代公共自行車系統
站點網絡效應
多尺度地理加權迴歸
Public Bike System Usage Characteristics
4th Generation Public Bike System
Station Network Effects
Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression日期 2024 上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 14:14:57 (UTC+8) 摘要 由於氣候變遷、能源供應不穩、環境品質下降等情形日趨嚴峻，永續交通理念漸受重視，包含公共自行車等主動運輸方式有助減少汙染、碳排放及能源消耗，並滿足第一哩路與最後一哩路需求，因此成為受廣泛應用之運輸方式。公共自行車系統已經歷四世代發展，臺灣公共自行車系統亦已由第三代升級至第四代，增加站點密度、服務範圍、便利性隨技術提升而成為可能，同時使用者偏好、使用特性皆可能隨之改變。站點設置密度為系統升級前後最主要之差異，可能造成站點網絡效應改變，並影響公共自行車使用特性。然而現有研究甚少關注第四代公共自行車系統之站點網絡效應，及臺灣第四代公共自行車系統之使用特性，故本研究以臺北市YouBike 2.0系統為例，對公共自行車使用特性及站點網絡效應之時空分布進行探討。 本研究使用臺北市YouBike 2.0系統2022年10月至2023年9月租借紀錄與站點資料，進行敘述性統計、探索式空間資料分析，並依序以普通最小平方法、多尺度地理加權迴歸方式建立公共自行車使用特性模型，呈現並分析YouBike 2.0系統日均騎乘量時空分布，以及站點網絡效應與其他變數對騎乘量之影響。部分項目納入升級前YouBike 1.0系統2019年資料進行對比，以突顯升級後系統特性。 統計及空間分析結果顯示，YouBike 2.0系統平日騎乘比例較升級前系統高、單次租借時間較短，騎乘量則隨站點數量增加、設置密度提升而上升，同時騎乘量、熱門站點及旅次之空間分布雖仍集中，但較升級前系統分散。普通最小平方法模型結果顯示，站點網絡效應對單一站點騎乘量之影響在小範圍內為負面，大範圍內為正面；大眾運輸站點、特定土地使用、自行車道及站點容量變數普遍對騎乘量產生正面影響。多尺度地理加權迴歸模型結果則顯示，各項變數對騎乘量之影響於納入空間因素後更貼近實際情形，兩模型中多數變數對騎乘量影響方向相近；大眾運輸站點、站點容量、小範圍內站點網絡效應變數，對騎乘量之影響具空間異質性；土地使用、大範圍內站點網絡效應變數空間同質性較高。
Due to the increasing severity of issues such as climate change, unstable energy supply, and declining environmental quality, the concept of sustainable transportation is gaining more attention. Active mobility, such as public bike, help reduce pollution, carbon emissions, and energy consumption while meeting the needs of the "first mile" and "last mile" of travel. Consequently, these methods have become widely used modes of transportation. The public bike system has evolved through 4 generations, and Taiwan's public bike system has upgraded from the 3rd generation to the 4th. This upgrade has increased station density, service range, and convenience with technological advancements, potentially changing user preferences and usage characteristics. The primary difference between pre- and post-upgrade systems is the station density, which may alter the Station network effects and impact the usage characteristics for public bike. However, existing studies rarely focus on the Station network effects and usage characteristics of the 4th generation public bike system in Taiwan. Therefore, this study uses YouBike 2.0 system in Taipei as a case to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of public bike usage characteristics and Station network effects. This study utilizes the rental records and station data of YouBike 2.0 system in Taipei from October 2022 to September 2023, performing descriptive statistics, exploratory spatial data analysis, and sequentially establishing a public bike usage characteristics model using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). The study presents and analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of YouBike 2.0 ridership, as well as the impact of Station network effects and other variables on demand. Some items incorporate data from YouBike 1.0 system in 2019 for comparison to highlight the characteristics of the upgraded system. The statistical and spatial analysis results indicate that YouBike 2.0 system has a higher proportion of weekday rides, shorter single rental durations, and increased ridership with more stations and higher density compared to the previous system. Although the ridership, popular stations, and popular trip distributions are still concentrated, they are more dispersed than in the previous system. The OLS model results show that the impact of Station network effects on single station ridership is negative in the small-scale but positive in the huge-scale. Public transport stations, specific land uses, bike lanes, and station capacity variables generally positively impact ridership. The MGWR model results indicate that the influence of various variables on ridership aligns more closely with the actual situation when spatial factors are included. Most variables in both models have similar impacts on ridership. 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國立政治大學
地政學系
111257003資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111257003 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 白仁德<br>甯方璽 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Pai, Jen-Te<br>Ning, Fang-Shii en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱華奕 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Hua-Yi en_US dc.creator (作者) 邱華奕 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Hua-Yi en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 14:14:57 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 14:14:57 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 14:14:57 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111257003 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152825 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111257003 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於氣候變遷、能源供應不穩、環境品質下降等情形日趨嚴峻，永續交通理念漸受重視，包含公共自行車等主動運輸方式有助減少汙染、碳排放及能源消耗，並滿足第一哩路與最後一哩路需求，因此成為受廣泛應用之運輸方式。公共自行車系統已經歷四世代發展，臺灣公共自行車系統亦已由第三代升級至第四代，增加站點密度、服務範圍、便利性隨技術提升而成為可能，同時使用者偏好、使用特性皆可能隨之改變。站點設置密度為系統升級前後最主要之差異，可能造成站點網絡效應改變，並影響公共自行車使用特性。然而現有研究甚少關注第四代公共自行車系統之站點網絡效應，及臺灣第四代公共自行車系統之使用特性，故本研究以臺北市YouBike 2.0系統為例，對公共自行車使用特性及站點網絡效應之時空分布進行探討。 本研究使用臺北市YouBike 2.0系統2022年10月至2023年9月租借紀錄與站點資料，進行敘述性統計、探索式空間資料分析，並依序以普通最小平方法、多尺度地理加權迴歸方式建立公共自行車使用特性模型，呈現並分析YouBike 2.0系統日均騎乘量時空分布，以及站點網絡效應與其他變數對騎乘量之影響。部分項目納入升級前YouBike 1.0系統2019年資料進行對比，以突顯升級後系統特性。 統計及空間分析結果顯示，YouBike 2.0系統平日騎乘比例較升級前系統高、單次租借時間較短，騎乘量則隨站點數量增加、設置密度提升而上升，同時騎乘量、熱門站點及旅次之空間分布雖仍集中，但較升級前系統分散。普通最小平方法模型結果顯示，站點網絡效應對單一站點騎乘量之影響在小範圍內為負面，大範圍內為正面；大眾運輸站點、特定土地使用、自行車道及站點容量變數普遍對騎乘量產生正面影響。多尺度地理加權迴歸模型結果則顯示，各項變數對騎乘量之影響於納入空間因素後更貼近實際情形，兩模型中多數變數對騎乘量影響方向相近；大眾運輸站點、站點容量、小範圍內站點網絡效應變數，對騎乘量之影響具空間異質性；土地使用、大範圍內站點網絡效應變數空間同質性較高。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Due to the increasing severity of issues such as climate change, unstable energy supply, and declining environmental quality, the concept of sustainable transportation is gaining more attention. Active mobility, such as public bike, help reduce pollution, carbon emissions, and energy consumption while meeting the needs of the "first mile" and "last mile" of travel. Consequently, these methods have become widely used modes of transportation. The public bike system has evolved through 4 generations, and Taiwan's public bike system has upgraded from the 3rd generation to the 4th. This upgrade has increased station density, service range, and convenience with technological advancements, potentially changing user preferences and usage characteristics. The primary difference between pre- and post-upgrade systems is the station density, which may alter the Station network effects and impact the usage characteristics for public bike. However, existing studies rarely focus on the Station network effects and usage characteristics of the 4th generation public bike system in Taiwan. Therefore, this study uses YouBike 2.0 system in Taipei as a case to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of public bike usage characteristics and Station network effects. This study utilizes the rental records and station data of YouBike 2.0 system in Taipei from October 2022 to September 2023, performing descriptive statistics, exploratory spatial data analysis, and sequentially establishing a public bike usage characteristics model using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). The study presents and analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of YouBike 2.0 ridership, as well as the impact of Station network effects and other variables on demand. Some items incorporate data from YouBike 1.0 system in 2019 for comparison to highlight the characteristics of the upgraded system. The statistical and spatial analysis results indicate that YouBike 2.0 system has a higher proportion of weekday rides, shorter single rental durations, and increased ridership with more stations and higher density compared to the previous system. Although the ridership, popular stations, and popular trip distributions are still concentrated, they are more dispersed than in the previous system. The OLS model results show that the impact of Station network effects on single station ridership is negative in the small-scale but positive in the huge-scale. Public transport stations, specific land uses, bike lanes, and station capacity variables generally positively impact ridership. The MGWR model results indicate that the influence of various variables on ridership aligns more closely with the actual situation when spatial factors are included. Most variables in both models have similar impacts on ridership. Public transport stations, station capacity, and small-scale Station network effects exhibit spatial heterogeneity, while land use and huge-scale Station network effects have high spatial homogeneity. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景、動機與目的 1 第二節 研究範疇 6 第三節 研究方法 8 第四節 研究內容與流程 10 第二章 文獻回顧 13 第一節 公共自行車理念發展歷程 13 第二節 公共自行車相關研究方法 28 第三節 公共自行車使用特性影響因素 34 第三章 研究設計 51 第一節 研究架構 51 第二節 資料取得與處理 54 第三節 統計分析與空間分析 57 第四節 迴歸模型設定 59 第四章 實證分析 71 第一節 統計分析 71 第二節 空間分析 83 第三節 迴歸模型建構與分析 104 第五章 結論與建議 153 第一節 結論 153 第二節 建議 157 參考文獻 161 zh_TW dc.format.extent 11878904 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111257003 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共自行車使用特性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 第四代公共自行車系統 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 站點網絡效應 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多尺度地理加權迴歸 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Public Bike System Usage Characteristics en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 4th Generation Public Bike System en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Station Network Effects en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression en_US dc.title (題名) 臺北市公共自行車系統升級後之使用特性與站點網絡效應分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Analysis of Usage Characteristics and Station Network Effects after the Upgrade of Public Bike System in Taipei City en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文參考文獻 （一）期刊論文 白仁德、劉人華，2014，「大眾運輸導向建成環境特性對捷運運量影響之研究－以臺北捷運為實證對象」，『建築與規劃學報』，15（2/3）：111-128。 李郭賢甄、詹進發，2022，「應用空間自相關於花蓮縣地價稅外業清查作業之研究」，『土地經濟年刊』，（33），49-72。 江穎慧、莊喻婷、張金鶚，2017，「臺北市公共自行車場站對鄰近住宅價格之影響」，『運輸計劃季刊』，46（4），399-428。 呂千慈、鍾易詩、馮正民，2018，「環境空間與站點數對公共自行車租借量之影響分析」，『運輸學刊』，30（2），113-137。 紀玉臨、周孟嫻、賴進貴，2012，「臺灣區域所得探索式時空動態分析，1999-2008年」，『地理學報』，（67），1-30。 胡守任、劉昭堂，2014，「公共自行車租賃站最佳區位選擇模式：以高雄市公共自行車為例」，『運輸計劃季刊』，43（4），367-392。 涂仁維、張學孔、陳雅雯，2020，「公共自行車系統站點區位優化之研究」，『運輸學刊』，32（1），23-56。 張文菘、陳嘉惠、張國楨，2017，「應用空間統計於桃園地區土地利用變遷因素分析」，『地理研究』，（67），137-161。 游舜德，2018，「使用者觀點下都會區無樁式自行車系統之規範與管理：從共享財之財產權特性與外溢效果進行探討」，『都市與計劃』，45（4），301-333。 楊大輝、林振榮、顏亞琪，2015，「公共腳踏車租借站點及路網之設計」，『運輸學刊』，27（1），29-48。 解鴻年、張馨文，2011，「新竹科學城民眾使用公共自行車意願分析」，『建築與規劃學報』，12（3），237-263。 賴淑芳，2014，「公共自行車租賃系統之城市行銷與產品定位－以臺北微笑單車為例」，『都市交通』，29（1），20-31。 羅孝賢、劉力銘，2010，「接駁型公共自行車租賃系統辦理經驗與未來展望」，『都市交通』，25（1），56-61。 （二）學位論文 文廷琳，2018，「台北市公共自行車使用之空間分析與完整街道改善策略應用」，國立政治大學地政學系碩士學位論文。 邱辰，2015，「從空間角度分析公共自行車系統對站點周邊土地活動影響」，國立臺灣大學工學院土木工程學系碩士學位論文。 余書玫，2009，「公共自行車租借系統選擇行為之研究」，國立交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士學位論文。 胡迪，2022，「收縮城市的多維度識別、演變特性、驅動因素之分析-以台灣為例」，國立政治大學地政學系博士學位論文。 鍾凱如，2022，「臺北市公共自行車使用特性與空間分佈型態之趨勢變化分析」，國立政治大學地政學系碩士學位論文。 （三）其他 水敬心，2020，「YouBike 2.0於臺灣大學校總區試辦計畫營運績效評估與需求分析」，109年2月17日至109年6月30日。 水敬心，2023，「Youbike 2.0於國立臺灣大學校總區生活圈營運現況調查與改善建議」，111年11月15日至112年3月31日。 交通部運輸研究所，2020，『2020年版運輸政策白皮書』，臺北市：交通部。 李子璋，2020，「以公共自行車租借站社會網絡中心度之影響因素探討都會區郊區大眾輸導向發展之規劃策略」，科技部補助專題研究計畫報告，109年8月1日至110年10月31日。 李子璋，2021，「探討以公共自行車轉乘捷運騎乘距離之機率密度函數」，國家科學及技術委員會補助專題研究計畫報告，110年08月01日至111年10月31日。 李佳倩，2018，「臺北市YouBike使用特性報乎你知」，臺北市政府交通局統計室統計應用分析報告，107年。 李源翌，2022。「臺北市YouBike 2.0使用特性分析」，臺北市政府交通局統計室統計應用分析報告，111年1月。 張學孔、張馨文、陳雅雯，2013，『綠色交通：慢活．友善．永續：以人為本的運輸環境，城市更流暢、生活更精采（初版）』，臺北市：新自然主義；高雄市：高雄市政府。 臺北市政府產業發展局，2020，『臺北市循環城市白皮書』，臺北市：臺北市政府產業發展局。 二、外文參考文獻 （一）期刊論文 Bachand-Marleau, J., Lee, B. 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