學術產出-學位論文
文章檢視/開啟
書目匯出
-
題名 外籍家庭看護工之工作生活平衡經驗探究─休假作為一種選擇
An Exploration of the Work-Life Balance Experience of Foreign Care Worker: Vacation as an Option作者 牛妡伃
Niu, Hsin-Yu貢獻者 王明聖
Wang, Ming-Sheng
牛妡伃
Niu, Hsin-Yu關鍵詞 遷移照顧工作者
聘僱外籍家庭看護工之雇主
工作生活平衡
照顧工作
休假
migrant workers
employers of foreign care workers
work-life balance
care work
day-off日期 2024 上傳時間 5-八月-2024 14:21:14 (UTC+8) 摘要 由於外籍家庭看護工之工作場域為個人家戶,再加上其他不利的工作條件,使其工作與生活之間的界線變得模糊;此外,根據勞動部(2023)之勞動統計資訊顯示,截至2023年6月底,約57.7%之外籍家庭看護工為每月休假一次,而仍有39.4%為都不放假。是故,本研究旨在了解在少有休假與其工作生活界線模糊之情況下,外籍家庭看護工之工作生活平衡經驗為何?她們如何管理工作與生活之界線?而在此之下,休假扮演著何種角色,又對她們而言的意義為何? 本研究以質性半結構式深度訪談法,並採用配對式研究方法,以立意抽樣配合滾雪球抽樣方法,抽取同一家戶之外籍家庭看護工及雇主作為研究對象。最終訪談6位外籍家庭看護工,以及3位聘僱外籍家庭看護工之雇主。本研究之研究發現如下: 一、當前的工作被外籍家庭看護工視為促進未來更好生活品質的工具,進而使她們相對延後當前的個人非工作生活事務。 二、休假對外籍家庭看護工而言,是做為調劑工作生活平衡的一種選擇。休假可以幫助她們從工作中的疲勞復原,但卻也同時存在對她們不利的影響。 三、外籍家庭看護工在適當的工作量,及進行分離取向的邊界管理之下,能兼顧工作與生活之需求,並對當前生活感到滿意,亦能趨於平衡。 四、雇主所塑造的工作環境,以及外籍家庭看護工自身的個人特質,亦作為影響外籍家庭看護工之工作生活平衡經驗的因素。 針對上述研究發現,提出以下研究建議: 一、 針對雇主 (一)提供具支持性與溝通管道的工作環境 (二)給予外籍家庭看護工足夠的休息或休假時間 (三)給予外籍家庭看護工更多決策及安排的空間 (四)適當與外籍家庭看護工分擔工作 二、針對政府 (一)增進休假機會的配套措施:加班費制度與休假權益的再設計、提供外籍家庭看護工更多免費休憩處、提高雇主使用喘息服務之誘因與宣導 (二)加強推廣外籍家庭看護工心理諮商的管道
Because the work environment of foreign care workers is within individual households, combined with other precarious working conditions, the boundary between their work and life becomes blurred. Furthermore, according to labor statistics information from the Ministry of Labor(2023), as of the end of June 2023, approximately 57.7% of foreign care workers took a day off once a month, while 39.4% did not take any days off. Therefore, this study aims to understand foreign care workers’ work-life balance experiences under infrequent days off and blurred boundaries between work and life. How do they manage the boundaries between work and life? Moreover, what role does taking days off play, and what is its significance for them? This study uses a qualitative semi-structured in-depth interview method and adopts a paired research approach. Purposive and snowball sampling is used to select foreign care workers and their employers within the same household as research subjects. Six foreign care workers and three employers who hired these caregivers were interviewed. The findings of this study are as follows: Based on the findings of the study, the following research recommendations are proposed: 1.For Employers: (1)Provide a supportive work environment with effective communication channels. (2)Ensure adequate rest or days off for foreign care workers. (3)Allow more decision-making and arrangement space for foreign care workers. (4)Share the workload appropriately with foreign care workers. 2.For the Government: (1)Enhance measures to increase opportunities for days off: redesign the overtime pay system and days-off entitlements, provide more free rest areas for foreign care workers, and increase incentives and promote the use of respite services by employers. (2)Strengthen the promotion of psychological counseling channels for foreign care workers.參考文獻 一、中文文獻 王文科、王智弘(2010)。質的研究的信度和效度。彰化師大教育學報,(17),29-50。 王仕圖、吳慧敏(2003),〈深度訪談與案例演練〉。收錄在齊力、林本炫編《質性研究方法與資料分析》,95-114。 王百芳(2005)。正式化有酬家務服務之研究—以彭婉如基金會家事管理模式為例。國立政治大學社會學研究所。 王均裕(2021)。外籍家庭看護人員之心理協助策略探究。諮商與輔導,422, 29-32。 王麗容、蔡培元(2016)。外籍看護工的工作與生活平衡問題─社會融入觀點的臺英比較研究(MOST 103-2410-H-002-228-SSS)。國立台灣大學社會工作學系。 成之約、辛炳隆、劉黃麗娟(2002)。外籍幫傭與監護工引進對國內就業影響之初探。勞資關係論叢,11,69-95。 吳永毅(2016)。外勞所受空間性社會排斥的理論初探─北市外勞文化中心 (HOME) 關閉的個案分析。取自:https://tiwa.org.tw/%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%9E%E6%89%80%E5%8F%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E6%80%A7%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%8E%92%E6%96%A5%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%88%9D%E6%8E%A2%E2%94%80%E2%94%80%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%9E/ 吳秀照(2006)。層層控制下不自由的勞動者: 外籍家戶勞動者勞動條件,勞雇關係及管理政策析論。社會政策與社會工作學刊,10(2),1-48。doi: 10.6785/SPSW 吳啟誠、張瓊云(2020)。主題分析在教育研究上的應用。特殊教育發展期刊,(69),29-42。 吳惠林、王素彎(2010)。外籍勞工在台灣的趨勢、經濟關聯與政策。人口學刊,(22),49-70。 吳嘉苓(2015)。社會及行為科學研究法:質性研究法。台北市:台灣東華書局股份有限公司。 呂寶靜(2001)。老人照顧:老人.家庭.正式服務。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。 呂寶靜、陳景寧(1997)。女性、國家、照顧工作:女性家屬照顧者的處境與福利建構。台北市:女書文化。 李世偉(2014)。來台外籍勞工直接聘僱制度效益之研究。國立中正大學勞工關係學系暨研究所。 李佩雯(2012)。臺灣外籍家務工與雇主間的衝突溝通協調。傳播研究與實踐, 2(2),139-178。 李佳萱(2019)。論日本外籍照護移工之政策-與我國外籍家庭看護工政策之比較。中央警察大學外事警察研究所。 李韶芬(2021)。照顧的一千零一夜:一個再生產的社會學。取自:https://twstreetcorner.org/2021/02/09/%E7%85%A7%E9%A1%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%83%E9%9B%B6%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%9C%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E3%80%8C%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8/ 林玲瑩(2014)。不只生存、還要生活:台灣移工休假處境。國立台灣大學社會科學院新聞研究所深度報導碩士論文。 林敬程(2000)。失智老人家庭照顧者之負荷與支持性服務需求之探討。高雄醫學大學行為科學研究所碩士論文。 邱憶群(2016)。如何居家?如何服務?--居家服務中的公私與性別。清華大學人類學研究所學位論文碩士班。 洪惠芬(2004)。工作、照顧與依賴:對福利國家與其當代危機的再省思。國立中正大學社會福利所碩士班。 胡玉瑗、葉莉莉、王琪珍(2009)。居家照顧需求初探-外籍看護工與家屬主照顧者比較。長期照護雜誌,13(3),339-350。doi:10.6317/LTC 徐雅媛、鄭安君(2021)。外籍看護工家庭使用喘息服務效益評估。勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所。 紐文英(2021)。質性研究方法與論文寫作(第3版)。台北市:雙葉書廊有限公司。 翁振義、林若慧、劉士豪(2008)。以社會支持調適第一線員工的工作-非工作衝突與提升生活品質。管理與系統,15(3),355-376。 翁康容、陳雅琪(2013)。移工家庭與工作之生存策略分析:在臺菲律賓女性移工的故事。社會科學學報,20,29-60。 高淑清(2001)。在美華人留學生太太的生活世界:詮釋與反思。本土心理學研究,(16),225-285。 國發會(2020)。《中華民國人口推估(2020至2070年)》。 康月綾(2010)。外籍家庭看護工在台灣生活適應情形之研究—以印尼看護工為例。國立臺中教育大學區域與社會發展學系碩士論文。 張祖筠(2013)。大學護理學生工作價值觀與工作選擇之探討—以臺北醫學大學為例。台北醫學大學醫學人文研究所碩士論文。 許喬智(2009)。以疆界理論探討職場家庭生活平衡—以W公司為例。國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所。 許雲翔(2018)。雙元性的家事勞動法制:東亞各國比較與國內法化方向。勞資關係論叢,20(2),1-21。 許雲翔(2019)。照顧與被照顧者間的衡平:我國家事勞動立法及適法建議。勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊,27(4),103-118。 許詩愷(2024)。他們難以描述為何痛苦─近7成移工陷「失語」壓力,心理健康亮紅燈。取自:https://www.twreporter.org/a/mental-health-of-foreign-workers。 許譽澄(2010)。花蓮印尼及家庭看護工之工作與休閒。國立東華大學高階經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。 郭林瑋(2003)。老人養護機構運用外籍監護工之效益與困境。社區發展季刊,104,402-412。 陳正芬(2011)。我國長期照顧政策之規劃與發展,社區發展季刊,133,192-203。 陳正芬(2013)。我國長期照顧體系欠缺的一角: 照顧者支持服務,社區發展季刊,141,203-213。 陳正芬(2020)。管理或剝削?家庭外籍看護工的聘僱與管理。台北市:巨流圖書公司。 陳正芬(2023)。巴氏量表的應用在台灣經歷了哪些調整?與其維持雙軌分立,外籍看護工應被納入長照政策下整體考量。取自:https://www.thenewslens.com/article/191747?purchase=plus-month 陸洛、黃茂丁、高旭繁(2005)。工作與家庭的雙向衝突:前因,後果及調節變項之探討。應用心理研究,27,133-166。 傅柏翔(2020)。外籍家庭看護工重要勞動權利保障和救濟之多重困境分析──一個法與社會研究視角之初步反思。勞動法特刊,133-175。 勞動部(2022)。111年移工管理及運用調查統計結果。https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/1632/1633/57316/post 勞動部(2022)。勞動統計資料網:產業與社福移工人數。取自:https://statfy.mol.gov.tw/index12.aspx 勞動部(2023)。工作生活平衡網。取自:https://wlb.mol.gov.tw/ 勞動部(2023)。移工權益維護報告書。 勞動部勞動力發展署(2023)。聘僱外籍看護工家庭短期替代照顧服務實施計畫。 勞動部勞動力發展署(2024)。雇主手冊-合法聘僱真簡單,認識移工好幫手。 單驥(2000)。台灣外籍勞工政策之探討(E87091)【原始數據】取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。https://doi.org/10.6141/TW-SRDA-E87091-1 黃乙蓁(2022)。苗栗縣頭份市印尼女性移工匯款行為的探討。國立暨南國際大學東南亞學系碩士在職專班學位論文。 黃雅鈴(2017)。工作中必要的小確幸:外籍家庭看護工工作中的休閒調節。國立中正大學勞工關係研究所碩士論文。 楊慧敏(2015)。我國社福外勞引進及管理制度之探討。國會月刊,43(4),65-86。 葉施惠(2015)。印尼籍女性家是移工生命歷程及被害經驗。國立台北大學犯罪學研究所碩士論文。 葛嬋娟(2010)。臺灣東南亞籍家庭看護工政策及其問題之探討。國立暨南國際大學東南亞研究所碩士論文。 劉千嘉(2018)。高齡家庭與高齡照顧者的特性:2010年人口與住宅普查資料的應用。人口學刊,(56),81-119。doi:10.6191/JPS.201806_56.0003 劉宜君、辛炳隆(2009)我國外籍勞工引進與名額配置因素之探討:政策德菲法之應用。政大勞動學報,24,133-177。 劉梅君(1997)。女性、國家、照顧工作:建構「性別敏感」的公民權,從女性照顧工作本質之探悉出發。台北市:女書文化。 劉梅君(2022)。外籍移工管理法制的回顧及其生活照顧的未竟之地。台灣勞工季刊,72,42-53。 劉黃麗娟(2022)。從國際勞工公約檢視我國社福類移工人權保護的現況與發展之研究。 潘淑滿(2022)。質性研究:理論與應用(第2版)。新北市:心理出版社股份有限公司。 蔡宜靜(2014)。我國外籍家庭監護工勞動權益保障之探討。國立政治大學勞工研究所。 鄭百騰(2019)。當移工不再只是移工:異地勞動者在台灣工作場域之外的社會生活與主體性。國立暨南國際大學東南亞學系人類學碩士班碩士論文。 鄭津津(2011)。外籍勞工之政策及人權保障之檢視,監察院第四屆人權保障工作研討會論文集。 盧俊宏(2003)。我國勞工休假制度之研究。國立政治大學勞工研究所碩士論文。 蕭晴惠、成之約、林國榮(2015)。翻轉樂齡長照服務系統─臺灣試辦外籍看護工外展看護服務計畫初步成效之研究。勞動與就業關係學術研討會論文集,307-333。 蕭麗卿(2010)。我國家庭外籍勞工引進政策之檢視。https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=6586&pid=84107 謝玉玲(2011)。看得到的照護政策,看不見的勞動差異:照顧工作者與勞動場域的檢視。臺灣社會福利學刊,10(1),53-96。doi:10.6265/TJSW 藍佩嘉(2005)。階層化的他者:家務移工的招募、訓練與種族化,台灣社會學刊,第34期,1-57。 藍佩嘉(2005)。階層化的他者:家務移工的招募、訓練與種族化。 藍佩嘉(2009)。跨國灰姑娘:當東南亞幫傭遇上臺灣新富家庭。行人出版。 羅仙鳳、范振德(2023)。以紮根理論建構印尼國際移工之休閒阻礙模式。休閒產業管理學刊,16(2),43-68。 顧玉玲(2010)。自由的條件:從越傭殺人案看台灣家務移工的處境。國立交通大學社會與文化研究所。 龔尤倩(2016)。客工制度安魂曲?由台灣與德國客工政策的比較談起。https://tiwa.org.tw/%E5%AE%A2%E5%B7%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%89%E9%AD%82%E6%9B%B2%EF%BC%9F%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%A2%E5%B7%A5%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%AB%87/ 二、英文文獻 AM, S. A., Agustang, A., Mustadjar, M., & Tahmir, S. (2020). Mobility and Social Change of the Economy of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Indonesia. Solid State Technology, 63(5), 408-417. Djafar, F. (2012). Dynamics of push and pull factors of migrant workers in developing countries: The case of Indonesian workers in Malaysia. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 4(12), 703-711. Parreñas, R. S. (2001). Mothering from a distance: Emotions, gender, and intergenerational relations in Filipino transnational families. Feminist studies, 27(2), 361-390. Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: a review and agenda for future research. Journal of occupational health psychology, 5(2), 278. Ammons, S. K. (2013). Work-family boundary strategies: Stability and alignment between preferred and enacted boundaries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(1), 49-58. Anderson, B. (2006). A very private business: migration and domestic work. Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, working paper, (28). Au, W. C., Chatrakul Na Ayudhya, U., Tan, Y. S., & Ahmed, P. K. (2019). The work-life experiences of an invisible workforce: The case of live-in women migrant domestic workers in Malaysia. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 39(5), 567-583. Battistella, G., & Conaco, M. C. G. (1998). The impact of labour migration on the children left behind: a study of elementary school children in the Philippines. SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 220-241. Baldassar, L., Ferrero, L., & Portis, L. (2017). ‘More like a daughter than an employee’: the kinning process between migrant care workers, elderly care receivers and their extended families. Identities, 24(5), 524-541. Boccagni, P. (2018). At home in home care? Contents and boundaries of the ‘domestic’among immigrant live-in workers in Italy. Housing studies, 33(5), 813-831. Bondi, L. (2008). On the relational dynamics of caring: a psychotherapeutic approach to emotional and power dimensions of women's care work. Gender, Place and Culture, 15(3), 249-265. Brodaty, H., & Donkin, M. (2009). Family caregivers of people with dementia. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 11(2), 217. Bulger, C. A., Matthews, R. A., & Hoffman, M. E. (2007). Work and personal life boundary management: Boundary strength, work/personal life balance, and the segmentation-integration continuum. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12(4), 365. Caldwell, L. L. (2005). Leisure and health: why is leisure therapeutic?. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 33(1), 7-26. Cheal, D. (2002). Sociology of family life. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Chib, A., Wilkin, H. A., & Hua, S. R. M. (2013). International migrant workers’ use of mobile phones to seek social support in Singapore. Information Technologies & International Development, 9(4), pp-19. Choe, J., O’Regan, M., & Kimbu, A. N. (2020). Filipino migrant workers’ leisure and subjective quality of life in Macao. World Leisure Journal, 62(3), 242-260. Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human relations, 53(6), 747-770. Collins, M., Knutti, R., Arblaster, J., Dufresne, J. L., Fichefet, T., Friedlingstein, P., ... & Wehner, M. (2013). Long-term climate change: projections, commitments and irreversibility. Daly, M., & Lewis, J. (2000). The concept of social care and the analysis of contemporary welfare states. The British journal of sociology, 51(2), 281-298. De La Cuesta-Benjumea, C., & Roe, B. (2014). The experience of family care-givers and migrant paid care-givers' relief of burden: a contrasted qualitative analysis. Ageing & Society, 34(7), 1219-1242. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X13000044 Desrochers, S., & Sargent, L. D. (2004). Boundary/Border theory and work-family Integration1. Organization Management Journal, 1(1), 40-48. De Bloom, J., Kompier, M., Geurts, S., De Weerth, C., Taris, T., & Sonnentag, S. (2009). Do we recover from vacation? Meta‐analysis of vacation effects on health and well‐being. Journal of occupational health, 51(1), 13-25. Devi, A. C., & Rani, S. S. (2012). Personality and work--Life Balance. Journal of Contemporary Research in Management, 7(3). Dyer, S., McDowell, L., & Batnitzky, A. (2011). Migrant work, precarious work–life balance: What the experiences of migrant workers in the service sector in Greater London tell us about the adult worker model. Gender, Place & Culture, 18(5), 685-700. England, P., & Folbre, N. (1999). The cost of caring. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561(1), 39-51. Eustis, N. N., & Fischer, L. R. (1991). Relationships between home care clients and their workers: Implications for quality of care. The Gerontologist, 31(4), 447-456. Ferrant, G., Pesando, L. M., & Nowacka, K. (2014). Unpaid Care Work: The missing link in the analysis of gender gaps in labour outcomes. Boulogne Billancourt: OECD Development Center. Fisher, O. (2021). The impact of micro and macro level factors on the working and living conditions of migrant care workers in Italy and Israel—A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 420. Fisher-McAuley, G., Stanton, J., Jolton, J., & Gavin, J. (2003). Modelling the relationship between work life balance and organisational outcomes. In Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial-Organisational Psychology. Orlando (Vol. 1, p. 26). Fritz, C., Sonnentag, S., Spector, P. E., & McInroe, J. A. (2010). The weekend matters: Relationships between stress recovery and affective experiences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(8), 1137-1162. Galinsky, E., & Stein, P. J. (1990). The impact of human resource policies on employees: Balancing work/family life. Journal of Family Issues, 11(4), 368-383. Glavin, P., & Schieman, S. (2012). Work–family role blurring and work–family conflict: The moderating influence of job resources and job demands. Work and Occupations, 39(1), 71-98. Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279. Gao, F., Tilse, C., Wilson, J., Tuckett, A., & Newcombe, P. (2015). Perceptions and employment intentions among aged care nurses and nursing assistants from diverse cultural backgrounds: A qualitative interview study. Journal of Aging Studies, 35, 111-122. Haar, J., & Brougham, D. (2022). Work antecedents and consequences of work-life balance: A two sample study within New Zealand. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(4), 784-807. Hannaford, D. (2016). Intimate remittances: marriage, migration, and MoneyGram in Senegal. Africa Today, 62(3), 93-109. Hasan, S. I., Yee, A., Rinaldi, A., Azham, A. A., Mohd Hairi, F., & Amer Nordin, A. S. (2021). Prevalence of common mental health issues among migrant workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 16(12) Hasmi, H. M., Gross, M. J., & Scott-Young, C. M. (2014). Leisure and settlement distress: The case of South Australian migrants. Annals of Leisure Research, 17(4), 377-397. Haworth, J. T., & Veal, A. J. (2004). Work and leisure. Psychology Press. Ho, K. H. M., Yang, C., Leung, A. K. Y., Bressington, D., Chien, W. T., Cheng, Q., & Cheung, D. S. K. (2022). Peer support and mental health of migrant domestic workers: a scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13). Hsia(2015). Reproduction Crisis, illegality, and migrant women under capitalist globalization: The case of Taiwan. University of Pennsylvania Press. International labour organization (2018). Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work. International Labour Organization (2023). Who are domestic workers. https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/domestic-workers/who/lang--en/index.htm Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Mannell, R. C. (2004). Leisure and health. In Work and leisure (p. 198-213). Routledge. Jeong, J. G., Kang, S. W., & Choi, S. B. (2020). Employees’ weekend activities and psychological well-being via job stress: A moderated mediation role of recovery experience. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1642. Kelliher, C., Richardson, J., & Boiarintseva, G. (2019). All of work? All of life? Reconceptualising work‐life balance for the 21st century. Human resource management journal, 29(2), 97-112. Kittay, Jennings, B., & Wasunna, A. A. (2005). Dependency, difference and the global ethic of longterm care. The journal of political philosophy, 13(4), 443-469. Kontos, M. (2013). Negotiating the social citizenship rights of migrant domestic workers: The right to family reunification and a family life in policies and debates. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(3), 409-424. Kossek, E. E., & Lautsch, B. A. (2012). Work–family boundary management styles in organizations: A cross-level model. Organizational Psychology Review, 2(2), 152-171. Lewis, S. (2003). The integration of paid work and the rest of life. Is post‐industrial work the new leisure?. Leisure studies, 22(4), 343-345. Liang, L. F. (2021) . Everyday vulnerability: work and health experiences of live-in migrant care workers in Taiwan. The Global Old Age Care Industry: Tapping into migrants for tackling the old age care crisis, 219-242. Liang, L. F. (2021). Managing work and care: does employing a live-in migrant care worker fill the gap? The example of Taiwan. Social Policy and Society, 1-13. Lockwood, N. R. (2003). Work/life balance. Challenges and Solutions, SHRM Research, USA, 2(10). Lutz, H., & Palenga-Möllenbeck, E. (2011). Care, gender and migration: Towards a theory of transnational domestic work migration in Europe. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 19(3), 349-364. Llull, J. (2017). The effect of immigration on wages: exploiting exogenous variation at the national level. Journal of Human Resources. Malhotra, R. S., & Misra, J. (2007). Carework. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Marchetti, S. (2022). Migration and Domestic Work: IMISCOE Short Reader (p. 87). Springer Nature. May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 77(1), 11-37. Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A., & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta‐analytic review. Journal of organizational behavior, 32(5), 689-725. Palmer, E., & Eveline, J. (2012). Sustaining low pay in aged care work. Gender, Work & Organization, 19(3), 254-275. Parreñas, R. S. (2000). Migrant Filipina domestic workers and the international division of reproductive labor. Gender & society, 14(4), 560-580. Ponde, M. P., & Santana, V. S. (2000). Participation in leisure activities: Is it a protective factor for women's mental health?. Journal of leisure research, 32(4), 457-472. Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. J. (2018). Work-life balance: An integrative review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13, 229-254. Sousa, C., Rodrigues, M., Figueiredo, L., & Gonçalves, G. (2020). Rural temporary migrant workers: Adjustment and integration in Portugal. Psychological Thought, 13(1), 146-168. Spiliopoulos, G., Cuban, S., & Broadhurst, K. (2021). Migrant care workers at the intersection of rural belonging in small English communities. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 19(2), 213-226. Sullivan, A. B., & Miller, D. (2015). Who is taking care of the caregiver? .Journal of patient experience, 2(1), 7-12. Schumann, M. F., & Paul, A. M. (2020). The giving up of weekly rest-days by migrant domestic workers in Singapore: When submission is both resistance and victimhood. Social Forces, 98(4), 1695-1718. Tomas, G. (2021). Understanding Filipino Immigrants' Lived Experiences of Leisure and its Roles in Identity in Times of Un/Underemployment. Urbański, M. (2022). Comparing push and pull factors affecting migration. Economies, 10(1), 21. Vahabi, M., & Wong, J. P. H. (2017). Caught between a rock and a hard place: mental health of migrant live-in caregivers in Canada. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-15. Weishaar, H. B. (2010). “You have to be flexible”—Coping among polish migrant workers in Scotland. Health & Place, 16(5), 820-827. Wang, M. S., & Chan, T. C. (2017). The intersections of the care regime and the migrant care worker policy: The example of Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 27(3-4), 195-210. Zedeck, S., & Mosier, K. L. (1990). Work in the family and employing organization. American psychologist, 45(2), 240. Zuzanek, J. (2004). Work, leisure, time-pressure and stress. In Work and leisure (p. 123-144). Routledge. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會工作研究所
110264013資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110264013 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王明聖 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Ming-Sheng en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 牛妡伃 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Niu, Hsin-Yu en_US dc.creator (作者) 牛妡伃 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Niu, Hsin-Yu en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-八月-2024 14:21:14 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-八月-2024 14:21:14 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-八月-2024 14:21:14 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0110264013 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152848 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會工作研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110264013 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於外籍家庭看護工之工作場域為個人家戶,再加上其他不利的工作條件,使其工作與生活之間的界線變得模糊;此外,根據勞動部(2023)之勞動統計資訊顯示,截至2023年6月底,約57.7%之外籍家庭看護工為每月休假一次,而仍有39.4%為都不放假。是故,本研究旨在了解在少有休假與其工作生活界線模糊之情況下,外籍家庭看護工之工作生活平衡經驗為何?她們如何管理工作與生活之界線?而在此之下,休假扮演著何種角色,又對她們而言的意義為何? 本研究以質性半結構式深度訪談法,並採用配對式研究方法,以立意抽樣配合滾雪球抽樣方法,抽取同一家戶之外籍家庭看護工及雇主作為研究對象。最終訪談6位外籍家庭看護工,以及3位聘僱外籍家庭看護工之雇主。本研究之研究發現如下: 一、當前的工作被外籍家庭看護工視為促進未來更好生活品質的工具,進而使她們相對延後當前的個人非工作生活事務。 二、休假對外籍家庭看護工而言,是做為調劑工作生活平衡的一種選擇。休假可以幫助她們從工作中的疲勞復原,但卻也同時存在對她們不利的影響。 三、外籍家庭看護工在適當的工作量,及進行分離取向的邊界管理之下,能兼顧工作與生活之需求,並對當前生活感到滿意,亦能趨於平衡。 四、雇主所塑造的工作環境,以及外籍家庭看護工自身的個人特質,亦作為影響外籍家庭看護工之工作生活平衡經驗的因素。 針對上述研究發現,提出以下研究建議: 一、 針對雇主 (一)提供具支持性與溝通管道的工作環境 (二)給予外籍家庭看護工足夠的休息或休假時間 (三)給予外籍家庭看護工更多決策及安排的空間 (四)適當與外籍家庭看護工分擔工作 二、針對政府 (一)增進休假機會的配套措施:加班費制度與休假權益的再設計、提供外籍家庭看護工更多免費休憩處、提高雇主使用喘息服務之誘因與宣導 (二)加強推廣外籍家庭看護工心理諮商的管道 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Because the work environment of foreign care workers is within individual households, combined with other precarious working conditions, the boundary between their work and life becomes blurred. Furthermore, according to labor statistics information from the Ministry of Labor(2023), as of the end of June 2023, approximately 57.7% of foreign care workers took a day off once a month, while 39.4% did not take any days off. Therefore, this study aims to understand foreign care workers’ work-life balance experiences under infrequent days off and blurred boundaries between work and life. How do they manage the boundaries between work and life? Moreover, what role does taking days off play, and what is its significance for them? This study uses a qualitative semi-structured in-depth interview method and adopts a paired research approach. Purposive and snowball sampling is used to select foreign care workers and their employers within the same household as research subjects. Six foreign care workers and three employers who hired these caregivers were interviewed. The findings of this study are as follows: Based on the findings of the study, the following research recommendations are proposed: 1.For Employers: (1)Provide a supportive work environment with effective communication channels. (2)Ensure adequate rest or days off for foreign care workers. (3)Allow more decision-making and arrangement space for foreign care workers. (4)Share the workload appropriately with foreign care workers. 2.For the Government: (1)Enhance measures to increase opportunities for days off: redesign the overtime pay system and days-off entitlements, provide more free rest areas for foreign care workers, and increase incentives and promote the use of respite services by employers. (2)Strengthen the promotion of psychological counseling channels for foreign care workers. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 10 第一節 研究背景 10 第二節 問題意識 14 第三節 研究目的 18 第二章 文獻探討 19 第一節 外籍家庭看護工之勞動處境與現況 19 第二節 外籍家庭看護工與照顧工作 28 第三節 外籍家庭看護工之非工作生活 38 第四節 工作生活平衡 43 第三章 研究方法與設計 53 第一節 質性研究方法與設計 53 第二節 研究範圍與取樣方法 54 第三節 資料蒐集與分析 59 第四節 研究嚴謹度與研究倫理 61 第四章 研究結果 64 第一節 外籍家庭看護工與照顧工作生活 64 第二節 外籍家庭看護工之非工作生活 74 第三節 在模糊的界線上創造工作與生活的平衡 84 第五章 結論與建議 106 第一節 研究討論 106 第二節 研究建議 112 第三節 研究限制 117 參考文獻 119 附錄 134 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3658033 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110264013 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 遷移照顧工作者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聘僱外籍家庭看護工之雇主 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作生活平衡 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 照顧工作 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 休假 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) migrant workers en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) employers of foreign care workers en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) work-life balance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) care work en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) day-off en_US dc.title (題名) 外籍家庭看護工之工作生活平衡經驗探究─休假作為一種選擇 zh_TW dc.title (題名) An Exploration of the Work-Life Balance Experience of Foreign Care Worker: Vacation as an Option en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻 王文科、王智弘(2010)。質的研究的信度和效度。彰化師大教育學報,(17),29-50。 王仕圖、吳慧敏(2003),〈深度訪談與案例演練〉。收錄在齊力、林本炫編《質性研究方法與資料分析》,95-114。 王百芳(2005)。正式化有酬家務服務之研究—以彭婉如基金會家事管理模式為例。國立政治大學社會學研究所。 王均裕(2021)。外籍家庭看護人員之心理協助策略探究。諮商與輔導,422, 29-32。 王麗容、蔡培元(2016)。外籍看護工的工作與生活平衡問題─社會融入觀點的臺英比較研究(MOST 103-2410-H-002-228-SSS)。國立台灣大學社會工作學系。 成之約、辛炳隆、劉黃麗娟(2002)。外籍幫傭與監護工引進對國內就業影響之初探。勞資關係論叢,11,69-95。 吳永毅(2016)。外勞所受空間性社會排斥的理論初探─北市外勞文化中心 (HOME) 關閉的個案分析。取自:https://tiwa.org.tw/%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%9E%E6%89%80%E5%8F%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E6%80%A7%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%8E%92%E6%96%A5%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%88%9D%E6%8E%A2%E2%94%80%E2%94%80%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%9E/ 吳秀照(2006)。層層控制下不自由的勞動者: 外籍家戶勞動者勞動條件,勞雇關係及管理政策析論。社會政策與社會工作學刊,10(2),1-48。doi: 10.6785/SPSW 吳啟誠、張瓊云(2020)。主題分析在教育研究上的應用。特殊教育發展期刊,(69),29-42。 吳惠林、王素彎(2010)。外籍勞工在台灣的趨勢、經濟關聯與政策。人口學刊,(22),49-70。 吳嘉苓(2015)。社會及行為科學研究法:質性研究法。台北市:台灣東華書局股份有限公司。 呂寶靜(2001)。老人照顧:老人.家庭.正式服務。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。 呂寶靜、陳景寧(1997)。女性、國家、照顧工作:女性家屬照顧者的處境與福利建構。台北市:女書文化。 李世偉(2014)。來台外籍勞工直接聘僱制度效益之研究。國立中正大學勞工關係學系暨研究所。 李佩雯(2012)。臺灣外籍家務工與雇主間的衝突溝通協調。傳播研究與實踐, 2(2),139-178。 李佳萱(2019)。論日本外籍照護移工之政策-與我國外籍家庭看護工政策之比較。中央警察大學外事警察研究所。 李韶芬(2021)。照顧的一千零一夜:一個再生產的社會學。取自:https://twstreetcorner.org/2021/02/09/%E7%85%A7%E9%A1%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%83%E9%9B%B6%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%9C%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E3%80%8C%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8/ 林玲瑩(2014)。不只生存、還要生活:台灣移工休假處境。國立台灣大學社會科學院新聞研究所深度報導碩士論文。 林敬程(2000)。失智老人家庭照顧者之負荷與支持性服務需求之探討。高雄醫學大學行為科學研究所碩士論文。 邱憶群(2016)。如何居家?如何服務?--居家服務中的公私與性別。清華大學人類學研究所學位論文碩士班。 洪惠芬(2004)。工作、照顧與依賴:對福利國家與其當代危機的再省思。國立中正大學社會福利所碩士班。 胡玉瑗、葉莉莉、王琪珍(2009)。居家照顧需求初探-外籍看護工與家屬主照顧者比較。長期照護雜誌,13(3),339-350。doi:10.6317/LTC 徐雅媛、鄭安君(2021)。外籍看護工家庭使用喘息服務效益評估。勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所。 紐文英(2021)。質性研究方法與論文寫作(第3版)。台北市:雙葉書廊有限公司。 翁振義、林若慧、劉士豪(2008)。以社會支持調適第一線員工的工作-非工作衝突與提升生活品質。管理與系統,15(3),355-376。 翁康容、陳雅琪(2013)。移工家庭與工作之生存策略分析:在臺菲律賓女性移工的故事。社會科學學報,20,29-60。 高淑清(2001)。在美華人留學生太太的生活世界:詮釋與反思。本土心理學研究,(16),225-285。 國發會(2020)。《中華民國人口推估(2020至2070年)》。 康月綾(2010)。外籍家庭看護工在台灣生活適應情形之研究—以印尼看護工為例。國立臺中教育大學區域與社會發展學系碩士論文。 張祖筠(2013)。大學護理學生工作價值觀與工作選擇之探討—以臺北醫學大學為例。台北醫學大學醫學人文研究所碩士論文。 許喬智(2009)。以疆界理論探討職場家庭生活平衡—以W公司為例。國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所。 許雲翔(2018)。雙元性的家事勞動法制:東亞各國比較與國內法化方向。勞資關係論叢,20(2),1-21。 許雲翔(2019)。照顧與被照顧者間的衡平:我國家事勞動立法及適法建議。勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊,27(4),103-118。 許詩愷(2024)。他們難以描述為何痛苦─近7成移工陷「失語」壓力,心理健康亮紅燈。取自:https://www.twreporter.org/a/mental-health-of-foreign-workers。 許譽澄(2010)。花蓮印尼及家庭看護工之工作與休閒。國立東華大學高階經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。 郭林瑋(2003)。老人養護機構運用外籍監護工之效益與困境。社區發展季刊,104,402-412。 陳正芬(2011)。我國長期照顧政策之規劃與發展,社區發展季刊,133,192-203。 陳正芬(2013)。我國長期照顧體系欠缺的一角: 照顧者支持服務,社區發展季刊,141,203-213。 陳正芬(2020)。管理或剝削?家庭外籍看護工的聘僱與管理。台北市:巨流圖書公司。 陳正芬(2023)。巴氏量表的應用在台灣經歷了哪些調整?與其維持雙軌分立,外籍看護工應被納入長照政策下整體考量。取自:https://www.thenewslens.com/article/191747?purchase=plus-month 陸洛、黃茂丁、高旭繁(2005)。工作與家庭的雙向衝突:前因,後果及調節變項之探討。應用心理研究,27,133-166。 傅柏翔(2020)。外籍家庭看護工重要勞動權利保障和救濟之多重困境分析──一個法與社會研究視角之初步反思。勞動法特刊,133-175。 勞動部(2022)。111年移工管理及運用調查統計結果。https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/1632/1633/57316/post 勞動部(2022)。勞動統計資料網:產業與社福移工人數。取自:https://statfy.mol.gov.tw/index12.aspx 勞動部(2023)。工作生活平衡網。取自:https://wlb.mol.gov.tw/ 勞動部(2023)。移工權益維護報告書。 勞動部勞動力發展署(2023)。聘僱外籍看護工家庭短期替代照顧服務實施計畫。 勞動部勞動力發展署(2024)。雇主手冊-合法聘僱真簡單,認識移工好幫手。 單驥(2000)。台灣外籍勞工政策之探討(E87091)【原始數據】取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。https://doi.org/10.6141/TW-SRDA-E87091-1 黃乙蓁(2022)。苗栗縣頭份市印尼女性移工匯款行為的探討。國立暨南國際大學東南亞學系碩士在職專班學位論文。 黃雅鈴(2017)。工作中必要的小確幸:外籍家庭看護工工作中的休閒調節。國立中正大學勞工關係研究所碩士論文。 楊慧敏(2015)。我國社福外勞引進及管理制度之探討。國會月刊,43(4),65-86。 葉施惠(2015)。印尼籍女性家是移工生命歷程及被害經驗。國立台北大學犯罪學研究所碩士論文。 葛嬋娟(2010)。臺灣東南亞籍家庭看護工政策及其問題之探討。國立暨南國際大學東南亞研究所碩士論文。 劉千嘉(2018)。高齡家庭與高齡照顧者的特性:2010年人口與住宅普查資料的應用。人口學刊,(56),81-119。doi:10.6191/JPS.201806_56.0003 劉宜君、辛炳隆(2009)我國外籍勞工引進與名額配置因素之探討:政策德菲法之應用。政大勞動學報,24,133-177。 劉梅君(1997)。女性、國家、照顧工作:建構「性別敏感」的公民權,從女性照顧工作本質之探悉出發。台北市:女書文化。 劉梅君(2022)。外籍移工管理法制的回顧及其生活照顧的未竟之地。台灣勞工季刊,72,42-53。 劉黃麗娟(2022)。從國際勞工公約檢視我國社福類移工人權保護的現況與發展之研究。 潘淑滿(2022)。質性研究:理論與應用(第2版)。新北市:心理出版社股份有限公司。 蔡宜靜(2014)。我國外籍家庭監護工勞動權益保障之探討。國立政治大學勞工研究所。 鄭百騰(2019)。當移工不再只是移工:異地勞動者在台灣工作場域之外的社會生活與主體性。國立暨南國際大學東南亞學系人類學碩士班碩士論文。 鄭津津(2011)。外籍勞工之政策及人權保障之檢視,監察院第四屆人權保障工作研討會論文集。 盧俊宏(2003)。我國勞工休假制度之研究。國立政治大學勞工研究所碩士論文。 蕭晴惠、成之約、林國榮(2015)。翻轉樂齡長照服務系統─臺灣試辦外籍看護工外展看護服務計畫初步成效之研究。勞動與就業關係學術研討會論文集,307-333。 蕭麗卿(2010)。我國家庭外籍勞工引進政策之檢視。https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=6586&pid=84107 謝玉玲(2011)。看得到的照護政策,看不見的勞動差異:照顧工作者與勞動場域的檢視。臺灣社會福利學刊,10(1),53-96。doi:10.6265/TJSW 藍佩嘉(2005)。階層化的他者:家務移工的招募、訓練與種族化,台灣社會學刊,第34期,1-57。 藍佩嘉(2005)。階層化的他者:家務移工的招募、訓練與種族化。 藍佩嘉(2009)。跨國灰姑娘:當東南亞幫傭遇上臺灣新富家庭。行人出版。 羅仙鳳、范振德(2023)。以紮根理論建構印尼國際移工之休閒阻礙模式。休閒產業管理學刊,16(2),43-68。 顧玉玲(2010)。自由的條件:從越傭殺人案看台灣家務移工的處境。國立交通大學社會與文化研究所。 龔尤倩(2016)。客工制度安魂曲?由台灣與德國客工政策的比較談起。https://tiwa.org.tw/%E5%AE%A2%E5%B7%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%89%E9%AD%82%E6%9B%B2%EF%BC%9F%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%A2%E5%B7%A5%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%AB%87/ 二、英文文獻 AM, S. A., Agustang, A., Mustadjar, M., & Tahmir, S. (2020). Mobility and Social Change of the Economy of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Indonesia. Solid State Technology, 63(5), 408-417. Djafar, F. (2012). Dynamics of push and pull factors of migrant workers in developing countries: The case of Indonesian workers in Malaysia. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 4(12), 703-711. Parreñas, R. S. (2001). Mothering from a distance: Emotions, gender, and intergenerational relations in Filipino transnational families. Feminist studies, 27(2), 361-390. Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: a review and agenda for future research. Journal of occupational health psychology, 5(2), 278. Ammons, S. K. (2013). Work-family boundary strategies: Stability and alignment between preferred and enacted boundaries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(1), 49-58. Anderson, B. (2006). A very private business: migration and domestic work. Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, working paper, (28). Au, W. C., Chatrakul Na Ayudhya, U., Tan, Y. S., & Ahmed, P. K. (2019). The work-life experiences of an invisible workforce: The case of live-in women migrant domestic workers in Malaysia. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 39(5), 567-583. Battistella, G., & Conaco, M. C. G. (1998). The impact of labour migration on the children left behind: a study of elementary school children in the Philippines. SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 220-241. Baldassar, L., Ferrero, L., & Portis, L. (2017). ‘More like a daughter than an employee’: the kinning process between migrant care workers, elderly care receivers and their extended families. Identities, 24(5), 524-541. Boccagni, P. (2018). At home in home care? Contents and boundaries of the ‘domestic’among immigrant live-in workers in Italy. Housing studies, 33(5), 813-831. Bondi, L. (2008). On the relational dynamics of caring: a psychotherapeutic approach to emotional and power dimensions of women's care work. Gender, Place and Culture, 15(3), 249-265. Brodaty, H., & Donkin, M. (2009). Family caregivers of people with dementia. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 11(2), 217. Bulger, C. A., Matthews, R. A., & Hoffman, M. E. (2007). Work and personal life boundary management: Boundary strength, work/personal life balance, and the segmentation-integration continuum. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12(4), 365. Caldwell, L. L. (2005). Leisure and health: why is leisure therapeutic?. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 33(1), 7-26. Cheal, D. (2002). Sociology of family life. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Chib, A., Wilkin, H. A., & Hua, S. R. M. (2013). International migrant workers’ use of mobile phones to seek social support in Singapore. Information Technologies & International Development, 9(4), pp-19. Choe, J., O’Regan, M., & Kimbu, A. N. (2020). Filipino migrant workers’ leisure and subjective quality of life in Macao. World Leisure Journal, 62(3), 242-260. Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human relations, 53(6), 747-770. Collins, M., Knutti, R., Arblaster, J., Dufresne, J. L., Fichefet, T., Friedlingstein, P., ... & Wehner, M. (2013). Long-term climate change: projections, commitments and irreversibility. Daly, M., & Lewis, J. (2000). The concept of social care and the analysis of contemporary welfare states. The British journal of sociology, 51(2), 281-298. De La Cuesta-Benjumea, C., & Roe, B. (2014). The experience of family care-givers and migrant paid care-givers' relief of burden: a contrasted qualitative analysis. Ageing & Society, 34(7), 1219-1242. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X13000044 Desrochers, S., & Sargent, L. D. (2004). Boundary/Border theory and work-family Integration1. Organization Management Journal, 1(1), 40-48. De Bloom, J., Kompier, M., Geurts, S., De Weerth, C., Taris, T., & Sonnentag, S. (2009). Do we recover from vacation? Meta‐analysis of vacation effects on health and well‐being. Journal of occupational health, 51(1), 13-25. Devi, A. C., & Rani, S. S. (2012). Personality and work--Life Balance. Journal of Contemporary Research in Management, 7(3). Dyer, S., McDowell, L., & Batnitzky, A. (2011). Migrant work, precarious work–life balance: What the experiences of migrant workers in the service sector in Greater London tell us about the adult worker model. Gender, Place & Culture, 18(5), 685-700. England, P., & Folbre, N. (1999). The cost of caring. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561(1), 39-51. Eustis, N. N., & Fischer, L. R. (1991). Relationships between home care clients and their workers: Implications for quality of care. The Gerontologist, 31(4), 447-456. Ferrant, G., Pesando, L. M., & Nowacka, K. (2014). Unpaid Care Work: The missing link in the analysis of gender gaps in labour outcomes. Boulogne Billancourt: OECD Development Center. Fisher, O. (2021). The impact of micro and macro level factors on the working and living conditions of migrant care workers in Italy and Israel—A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 420. Fisher-McAuley, G., Stanton, J., Jolton, J., & Gavin, J. (2003). Modelling the relationship between work life balance and organisational outcomes. In Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial-Organisational Psychology. Orlando (Vol. 1, p. 26). Fritz, C., Sonnentag, S., Spector, P. E., & McInroe, J. A. (2010). The weekend matters: Relationships between stress recovery and affective experiences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(8), 1137-1162. Galinsky, E., & Stein, P. J. (1990). The impact of human resource policies on employees: Balancing work/family life. Journal of Family Issues, 11(4), 368-383. Glavin, P., & Schieman, S. (2012). Work–family role blurring and work–family conflict: The moderating influence of job resources and job demands. Work and Occupations, 39(1), 71-98. Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279. Gao, F., Tilse, C., Wilson, J., Tuckett, A., & Newcombe, P. (2015). Perceptions and employment intentions among aged care nurses and nursing assistants from diverse cultural backgrounds: A qualitative interview study. Journal of Aging Studies, 35, 111-122. Haar, J., & Brougham, D. (2022). Work antecedents and consequences of work-life balance: A two sample study within New Zealand. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(4), 784-807. Hannaford, D. (2016). Intimate remittances: marriage, migration, and MoneyGram in Senegal. Africa Today, 62(3), 93-109. Hasan, S. I., Yee, A., Rinaldi, A., Azham, A. A., Mohd Hairi, F., & Amer Nordin, A. S. (2021). Prevalence of common mental health issues among migrant workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 16(12) Hasmi, H. M., Gross, M. J., & Scott-Young, C. M. (2014). Leisure and settlement distress: The case of South Australian migrants. Annals of Leisure Research, 17(4), 377-397. Haworth, J. T., & Veal, A. J. (2004). Work and leisure. Psychology Press. Ho, K. H. M., Yang, C., Leung, A. K. Y., Bressington, D., Chien, W. T., Cheng, Q., & Cheung, D. S. K. (2022). Peer support and mental health of migrant domestic workers: a scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13). Hsia(2015). Reproduction Crisis, illegality, and migrant women under capitalist globalization: The case of Taiwan. University of Pennsylvania Press. International labour organization (2018). Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work. International Labour Organization (2023). Who are domestic workers. https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/domestic-workers/who/lang--en/index.htm Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Mannell, R. C. (2004). Leisure and health. In Work and leisure (p. 198-213). Routledge. Jeong, J. G., Kang, S. W., & Choi, S. B. (2020). Employees’ weekend activities and psychological well-being via job stress: A moderated mediation role of recovery experience. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1642. Kelliher, C., Richardson, J., & Boiarintseva, G. (2019). All of work? All of life? Reconceptualising work‐life balance for the 21st century. Human resource management journal, 29(2), 97-112. Kittay, Jennings, B., & Wasunna, A. A. (2005). Dependency, difference and the global ethic of longterm care. The journal of political philosophy, 13(4), 443-469. Kontos, M. (2013). Negotiating the social citizenship rights of migrant domestic workers: The right to family reunification and a family life in policies and debates. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(3), 409-424. Kossek, E. E., & Lautsch, B. A. (2012). Work–family boundary management styles in organizations: A cross-level model. Organizational Psychology Review, 2(2), 152-171. Lewis, S. (2003). The integration of paid work and the rest of life. Is post‐industrial work the new leisure?. Leisure studies, 22(4), 343-345. Liang, L. F. (2021) . Everyday vulnerability: work and health experiences of live-in migrant care workers in Taiwan. The Global Old Age Care Industry: Tapping into migrants for tackling the old age care crisis, 219-242. Liang, L. F. (2021). Managing work and care: does employing a live-in migrant care worker fill the gap? The example of Taiwan. Social Policy and Society, 1-13. Lockwood, N. R. (2003). Work/life balance. Challenges and Solutions, SHRM Research, USA, 2(10). Lutz, H., & Palenga-Möllenbeck, E. (2011). Care, gender and migration: Towards a theory of transnational domestic work migration in Europe. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 19(3), 349-364. Llull, J. (2017). The effect of immigration on wages: exploiting exogenous variation at the national level. Journal of Human Resources. Malhotra, R. S., & Misra, J. (2007). Carework. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Marchetti, S. (2022). Migration and Domestic Work: IMISCOE Short Reader (p. 87). Springer Nature. May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 77(1), 11-37. Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A., & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta‐analytic review. Journal of organizational behavior, 32(5), 689-725. Palmer, E., & Eveline, J. (2012). Sustaining low pay in aged care work. Gender, Work & Organization, 19(3), 254-275. Parreñas, R. S. (2000). Migrant Filipina domestic workers and the international division of reproductive labor. Gender & society, 14(4), 560-580. Ponde, M. P., & Santana, V. S. (2000). Participation in leisure activities: Is it a protective factor for women's mental health?. Journal of leisure research, 32(4), 457-472. Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. J. (2018). Work-life balance: An integrative review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13, 229-254. Sousa, C., Rodrigues, M., Figueiredo, L., & Gonçalves, G. (2020). Rural temporary migrant workers: Adjustment and integration in Portugal. Psychological Thought, 13(1), 146-168. Spiliopoulos, G., Cuban, S., & Broadhurst, K. (2021). Migrant care workers at the intersection of rural belonging in small English communities. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 19(2), 213-226. Sullivan, A. B., & Miller, D. (2015). Who is taking care of the caregiver? .Journal of patient experience, 2(1), 7-12. Schumann, M. F., & Paul, A. M. (2020). The giving up of weekly rest-days by migrant domestic workers in Singapore: When submission is both resistance and victimhood. Social Forces, 98(4), 1695-1718. Tomas, G. (2021). Understanding Filipino Immigrants' Lived Experiences of Leisure and its Roles in Identity in Times of Un/Underemployment. Urbański, M. (2022). Comparing push and pull factors affecting migration. Economies, 10(1), 21. Vahabi, M., & Wong, J. P. H. (2017). Caught between a rock and a hard place: mental health of migrant live-in caregivers in Canada. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-15. Weishaar, H. B. (2010). “You have to be flexible”—Coping among polish migrant workers in Scotland. Health & Place, 16(5), 820-827. Wang, M. S., & Chan, T. C. (2017). The intersections of the care regime and the migrant care worker policy: The example of Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 27(3-4), 195-210. Zedeck, S., & Mosier, K. L. (1990). Work in the family and employing organization. American psychologist, 45(2), 240. Zuzanek, J. (2004). Work, leisure, time-pressure and stress. In Work and leisure (p. 123-144). Routledge. zh_TW