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題名 網路女神：「玲音」內的傳統宗教美感
The Goddess of the Internet: Traditional Religious Sensibilities in Serial Experiments Lain
作者 貝海安
Bela, Gustavo
貢獻者 吳欣芳
Wu, Hsin-Fang
貝海安
Gustavo Bela
關鍵詞 科幻動畫
神道教
佛教
宗教美學
Serial Experiments Lain
Sci-Fi Anime
Serial Experiments Lain
Shintoism
Buddhism
Religious Aesthetics
日期 2024
上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 14:36:58 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究從神道教和佛教的宗教特徵以及其中所含的藝術概念這雙重框架出發，探討科幻動畫《Serial Experiments Lain》（1998）中呈現的前現代日本的宗教世界觀。本研究發現，儘管動畫中沒有直接提及，但將此部動畫中的世界建構和整體訊息與傳統的日本宗教宇宙觀進行比較的研究方式，是可行的。我的研究透過將情感精神感受置於理性之上的宗教思維方式，對動畫中感知到的「怪異」和「超自然」元素提供了新的理解。這也體現在動畫的藝術表現形式，進而將這部作品視為一種對自然現實的詩意啟蒙，而不是線性情節驅動的理性作品。 儘管不像其他科幻動畫那樣受歡迎，但《Serial Experiments Lain》多年來一直受到一群狂熱者的追隨，並在網路上產生了文化影響力。現今研究多半以網路身分、網路成癮、現實與數位之間的障礙為主題，對這部作品進行分析，將其置於後現代鏡頭下來看待。然而，這部動畫蘊藏多處對宗教和人性處境的深刻反思，動畫制作團隊也曾多次承認這出於日本文化因素的影響。本研究因此採用宗教美學的框架來探索日本文化元素在《Serial Experiments Lain》中的潛在作用，儘管不那麼明顯，但企圖藉此來填補學界這部份的空白。期望未來能有更多研究能從去西方中心化的認識論角度，重新欣賞不同文化的世界觀。
This research explores how pre-modern Japanese religious worldview can be used to analyse the sci-fi anime Serial Experiments Lain (1998), approached from a double framework of analysing religious characteristics of Shintoism and Buddhism as well as artistic concepts that were informed by those religious worldviews. My findings show that comparisons can be made between the show’s world building and overall message and the traditional Japanese religious cosmovision, even though there are no straightforward references to it. Furthermore, my research provides a new layer of understanding towards the perceived “weirdness” and “supernatural” elements of the show, by reframing them under a religious mindset that prioritises emotional-spiritual feelings over rationality. This is also seen in the way art developed, which looks to bring a poetic sense of enlightenment of the reality of nature rather than linear plot-driven rational works. Serial Experiments Lain has enjoyed continuous cult following over the years and cultural presence online, in spite of not being as popular as other sci-fi anime. It is generally explored under its themes of online identity, internet addiction, the barriers between the real and the digital, and therefore is usually seen under postmodern lenses. However, religious topics and deep reflections on the human condition are present in the show and the creators acknowledged multiple times the influence of Japanese cultural factors. This research looks to fill in that gap by adopting a religious and aesthetic framework to explore how Japanese cultural elements are underlying in Serial Experiments Lain, in spite of not being that obvious. Hopefully, more research like this in the future will de-centralise analytical frameworks from a Western epistemological perspective and re-appreciate different cultural worldviews and perspectives.
參考文獻 Aida, M. (2022). “For Now We See in a Mirror, Dimly”: Dialectical Wholeness in Oshii Mamoru’s Ghost in the Shell. Comparative Literature M.A. Essays., 11, 1-31. https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/complit_essays/11 Allison, A. (2006). Millennial Monsters: Japanese Toys and the Global Imagination. University of California Press. Andrijauskas, A. (2003). Specific Features of Traditional Japanese Medieval Aesthetics. In J. Kuczyński (Ed.), Dialogue and Universalism: Metaphilosophy as the Wisdom of Science, Art, and Life (pp. 199-220). Polish Academy of Sciences. https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/87789 Arrighi, M. (2018). Reality Bonsai: Animism and Science-Fiction as a Blueprint for Media Art in Contemporary Japan. [Master of Philosophy, Southampton Solent University]. https://www.academia.edu/107882029/Reality_Bonsai_Animism_and_science_fiction_as_a_blueprint_for_media_art_in_contemporary_Japan Ballús, A., & Torrents, A. G. (2014). Evangelion as Second Impact: Forever Changing That Which Never Was. Mechademia, 9, 283-293. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/mech.9.2014.0283 Balmes, S. (2020). Discourse, Character, and Time in Premodern Japanese Narrative: An Introduction. Narratological Perspectives on Premodern Japanese Literature (7), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.25619/BmE20203129 Bare, J. L. (2000). The Future: "Wrapped... in That Mysterious Japanese Way". Science Fiction Studies, 27(1), 22-48. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4240847 Beveridge, C. (1999). Serial Experiments Lain Vol. #1. Mania.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114355/http://www.mania.com/serial-experiments-lain-vol-1_article_73942.html Breen, J., & Teeuwen, M. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. University of Hawai'i Press. Breen, J., & Teeuwen, M. (2010). A New History of Shinto. Wiley-Blackwell. Brown, S. T. (2010). Tokyo Cyberpunk: Posthumanism in Japanese Visual Culture. Palgrave Macmillan. Butler, E. P. (2021). Polytheism as Methodology in the Study of Religions Oscillations: Non-Standard Experiments in Anthropology, the Social Sciences, and Cosmology [Online Journal]. https://oscillations.one/Assets/Publications/Polytheism+as+Methodology+in+the+Study+of+Religions Calasso, R. (1988). The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony. Vintage. Chandarana, F. (2017). Ghost in the Shell: A Re-Examination of the Discourse of the Human. The Criterion, 8(2), 813-819. https://www.the-criterion.com/V8/n2/FL06.pdf Chaplin, S. (2006). Makeshift: Some Reflections on Japanese Design Sensibility Architectural Design, 75(4), 78-85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.107 Cox, R. (2003). The Zen Arts: An Anthropological Study of the Culture of Aesthetic Form in Japan. Taylor & Francis Group. Curti, G. H. (2008). The Ghost in the City and A Landscape of Life: A Reading of Difference in Shirow and Oshii's Ghost in the Shell. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 26(1), 87-106. https://doi.org/10.1068/d458t Davies, R. J., & Ikeno, O. (2002). The Japanese Mind: Understanding Contemporary Japanese Culture. Tuttle Publishing. Davis, B. W., & Kasulis, T. P. (2019). Prince Shōtoku’s Constitution and the Synthetic Nature of Japanese Thought. In The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Philosophy (pp. 82-96). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199945726.013.5 Denison, R. (2015). Anime: A Critical Introduction. Bloomsbury Academic. Domiková-Hashimoto, D. (1996). Development of Interpretation of the Word Ukiyo in Relation with Structural Changes in Japanese Society. Asian and African Studies, 5(2), 171-182. https://www.sav.sk/journals/aas/full/aas296f.pdf fauux. (2013). Wired Sound for Wired People. https://fauux.neocities.org/ Frey, M. (2022). Posthumanism’s Western Localization and non-Western Posthumanism in Anime. On Stefan Lorenz Sorgner’s Philosophy of Posthuman Art. Deliberatio: Studies in Contemporary Philosophical Challenges, 2(2), 115-131. https://deliberatio.uvt.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/09_Malte-Frey_Posthumansims-Western-Locilization-and-non-Western-Posthumanism-in-Anime_On-Stefan-Lorenz-Sorgners-Philosophy-of-Posthuman-Art.pdf Gardner, W. O. (2009). The Cyber Sublime and the Virtual Mirror: Information and Media in the Works of Oshii Mamoru and Kon Satoshi. Canadian Journal of Film Studies, 18(1), 44-70 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3138/cjfs.18.1.44 González Torrents, A. (2015). Animated Potentiality: Temporality and the Limits of Narrativity in Anime. Kyoto Seika University Journal, 35-51. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/104217/CONICET_Digital_Nro.fec3bc19-c7db-4b1b-bec3-f4801b31e066_A.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y Halapsis, A. V. (2015). On the Nature of the Gods, or “Epistemological Polytheism” as History Comprehension Method. The European Philosophical and Historical Discourse 1(1), 53-59. https://ephd.cz/wp-content/uploads/2015/ephd_2015_1_1/09.pdf Herbert, J. (2010). Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan. Routledge. Holmes, S. (2023). Toward a General Theory of Digital Identities. Science Fiction Film & Television, 16(1-2), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.3828/sfftv.2023.4 Hu, T.-y. G. (2010). Frames of Anime: Culture and Image-Building. Hong Kong University Press. Iglesia, M. d. l., & Schmeink, L. (2020). Akira and Ghost in the Shell (Case Study). In A. McFarlane, G. J. Murphy, & L. Schmeink (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Cyberpunk Culture. Routledge. Inaga, S. (2013). Fracturing the Translation or Translating the Fractures? Questions in the Western Reception of Non-Linear Narratives in Japanese Arts and Poetics. Comparative Critical Studies, 10(supplement), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2013.0112 Iwabuchi, K. (2002). Recentering Globalization Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism. Duke University Press. Izutsu, T. (1977). Toward a Philosophy of Zen Buddhism. Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy. Izutsu, T., & Izutsu, T. (1981). The Theory of Beauty in the Classical Aesthetics of Japan. Springer. Jackson, C. (2012). Topologies of Identity in Serial Experiments Lain. Mechademia Second Arc 7(1), 190-201. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/488599 Jensen, C. B., & Blok, A. (2013). Techno-animism in Japan: Shinto Cosmograms, Actor-network Theory, and the Enabling Powers of Non-human Agencies. Theory, Culture & Society, 30(2), 84-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276412456564 Juniper, A. (2003). Wabi Sabi: The Japanese Art of Impermanence. Tuttle Publishing. Kasulis, T. P. (2004). Shinto: The Way Home. University of Hawai'i Press. Kato, K. (1962). Some Notes on Mono no Aware. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 82(4), 558-559. https://www.jstor.org/stable/597529 Kinsella, S. (2014). Schoolgirls, Money and Rebellion in Japan. Routledge. Knox, E., & Watanabe, K. (2018). AIBO Robot Mortuary Rites in the Japanese Cultural Context International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Madrid, Spain. Koren, L. (1994). Wabi-Sabi: for Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers. Stone Bridge Press. LaFleur, W. R. (1992). Symbol and Yugen: Shunzei's Use of Tendai Buddhism. In Flowing Traces: Buddhism in the Literary and Visual Arts of Japan (pp. 16-46). Princeton University Press Lain Wiki. (2024). Tsuki Project. https://lain.wiki/wiki/TSUKI_Project LaMarre, T. (2010). The Anime Machine: A Media Theory of Animation. University of Minnesota Press. Manga Max. (1999). Cyberian Exile. Manga Max. https://www.cjas.org/~leng/pubs.htm Marra, M. F. (1999). Modern Japanese Aesthetics: A Reader. University of Hawai'i Press. Marra, M. F. (2010). Essays on Japan: Between Aesthetics and Literature. Brill. Marra, M. F. (2011). Japan’s Frames of Meaning: A Hermeneutics Reader. University of Hawai'i Press. Mente, B. L. D. (2011). Elements of Japanese Design. Tuttle Publishing. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (1975). Momoyama: Japanese Art in Age of Grandeur. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Minford, J. (2015). I Ching: The Essential Translation of the Ancient Chinese Oracle and Book of Wisdom. Penguin Classics. Murase, M. (1975). Japanese Art: Selections from the Mary and Jackson Burke Collection. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Murase, M. (2002). The Written Image: Japanese Calligraphy and Painting from the Sylvan Barnet and William Burto Collection. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Murase, S. (2006). Ergo Proxy. Manglobe. Myers, M. (1992). "Wise" Blood and the Japanese Yūgen Aesthetic. The Flannery O'Connor Bulletin, 21, 58-72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26670415 Nakamura, R. (1998). Serial Experiments Lain. Triangle Staff. Napier, S. J. (2002). When the Machines Stop: Fantasy, Reality, and Terminal Identity in "Neon Genesis Evangelion" and "Serial Experiments Lain". Science Fiction Studies, 29(3), 418-435. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4241108 Odin, S. (1985). The Penumbral Shadow: A Whiteheadian Perspective on the Yūgen Style of Art and Literature in Japanese Aesthetics. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 12(1), 63-90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30233341 Odin, S. (2001). Artistic Detachment in Japan and the West: Psychic Distance in Comparative Aesthetics. University of Hawai'i Press. Okakura, K. (1956). The Book of Tea: Beauty, Simplicity and the Zen Aesthetic. Tuttle Publishing. Oshii, M. (1995). Ghost in the Shell. Production I.G. Otabe, T. (2018). The "Aesthetic Life": A Leitmotif in Modern Japanese Aesthetics. Contemporary Aesthetics 6, 1-12. https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1398&context=liberalarts_contempaesthetics Otomo, K. (1988). Akira. Tokyo Movie Shinsha Co., Ltd. Pilgrim, R. B. (1969). Some Aspects of Kokoro in Zeami. Monumenta Nipponica, 24(4), 393-401. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2383880 Pilgrim, R. B. (1977). The Artistic Way and the Religio-Aesthetic Tradition in Japan. Philosophy East and West, 27(3), 285-305. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1398000 Pilgrim, R. B. (1986). Intervals (Ma) in Space and Time: Foundations for a Religio-Aesthetic Paradigm in Japan. History of Religions, 25(3), 255-277. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062515 Plato. (1892). Phaedo (Translation). https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/plato/dialogues/benjamin-jowett/text/phaedo#phaedo-text Prusinski, L. (2013). Wabi Sabi, Mono no Aware, and Ma: Tracing Traditional Japanese Aesthetics Through Japanese History. https://castle.eiu.edu/studiesonasia/documents/seriesIV/2-Prusinkski_001.pdf Reddit. (2024). Liminal Space. https://www.reddit.com/r/LiminalSpace/ Robinson, T. (2000). 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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
111461004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111461004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳欣芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Hsin-Fangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 貝海安zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Gustavo Belaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 貝海安zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Bela, Gustavoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 14:36:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 14:36:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 14:36:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111461004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152884-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111461004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究從神道教和佛教的宗教特徵以及其中所含的藝術概念這雙重框架出發，探討科幻動畫《Serial Experiments Lain》（1998）中呈現的前現代日本的宗教世界觀。本研究發現，儘管動畫中沒有直接提及，但將此部動畫中的世界建構和整體訊息與傳統的日本宗教宇宙觀進行比較的研究方式，是可行的。我的研究透過將情感精神感受置於理性之上的宗教思維方式，對動畫中感知到的「怪異」和「超自然」元素提供了新的理解。這也體現在動畫的藝術表現形式，進而將這部作品視為一種對自然現實的詩意啟蒙，而不是線性情節驅動的理性作品。 儘管不像其他科幻動畫那樣受歡迎，但《Serial Experiments Lain》多年來一直受到一群狂熱者的追隨，並在網路上產生了文化影響力。現今研究多半以網路身分、網路成癮、現實與數位之間的障礙為主題，對這部作品進行分析，將其置於後現代鏡頭下來看待。然而，這部動畫蘊藏多處對宗教和人性處境的深刻反思，動畫制作團隊也曾多次承認這出於日本文化因素的影響。本研究因此採用宗教美學的框架來探索日本文化元素在《Serial Experiments Lain》中的潛在作用，儘管不那麼明顯，但企圖藉此來填補學界這部份的空白。期望未來能有更多研究能從去西方中心化的認識論角度，重新欣賞不同文化的世界觀。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This research explores how pre-modern Japanese religious worldview can be used to analyse the sci-fi anime Serial Experiments Lain (1998), approached from a double framework of analysing religious characteristics of Shintoism and Buddhism as well as artistic concepts that were informed by those religious worldviews. My findings show that comparisons can be made between the show’s world building and overall message and the traditional Japanese religious cosmovision, even though there are no straightforward references to it. Furthermore, my research provides a new layer of understanding towards the perceived “weirdness” and “supernatural” elements of the show, by reframing them under a religious mindset that prioritises emotional-spiritual feelings over rationality. This is also seen in the way art developed, which looks to bring a poetic sense of enlightenment of the reality of nature rather than linear plot-driven rational works. Serial Experiments Lain has enjoyed continuous cult following over the years and cultural presence online, in spite of not being as popular as other sci-fi anime. It is generally explored under its themes of online identity, internet addiction, the barriers between the real and the digital, and therefore is usually seen under postmodern lenses. However, religious topics and deep reflections on the human condition are present in the show and the creators acknowledged multiple times the influence of Japanese cultural factors. This research looks to fill in that gap by adopting a religious and aesthetic framework to explore how Japanese cultural elements are underlying in Serial Experiments Lain, in spite of not being that obvious. Hopefully, more research like this in the future will de-centralise analytical frameworks from a Western epistemological perspective and re-appreciate different cultural worldviews and perspectives.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract iii 摘要 iv List of Figures vi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Source 1 1.1.1 Source Summary 1 1.1.2 Commentary 1 1.1.3 Main Characters 4 1.1.4 Episode Summary 5 1.2 Literature Review 11 1.2.1 Serial Experiments Lain 11 1.2.2 Anime and Religion 13 1.2.3 Japanese Sci-fi Anime 14 1.2.4 Anime Studies 17 1.2.5 Anime and Globalisation 18 1.3 Methodology & Aim 20 1.4 Shintoism 21 1.5 Aesthetics 24 1.6 Chapter Overview 28 2. Seeing Through Shinto and Buddhist Lenses 29 2.1 The Wired as a Replica of the Spiritual Realm 29 2.1.1 (No) Borders Between Realms 29 2.1.2 Materiality 34 2.1.3 Psyche as Kokoro (心) 36 2.1.4 Ukiyo (浮世) 39 2.1.5 Kami (神) 42 2.1.6 The Limits of the Wired as a Spiritual Realm 45 2.2 Irrational, Surreal, Non-Linear, Transcendent — the “weirdness” in SEL 47 2.3 Conclusion 52 3. The Religio-Aesthetic Tradition 54 3.1 Kibun (気分) and Gei-dō (芸道) 54 3.2 Yūgen (幽玄) 58 3.3 Wabi-Sabi (侘び寂び) 66 3.4 Mushin (無心) 71 3.5 Mono No Aware (物の哀れ) 74 3.6 Ma (閒) 77 3.7 Conclusion 80 4. Conclusion 82 4.1 Conclusion & Contributions 82 4.2 Limitations and Future Research 85 References 87zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1746438 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111461004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科幻動畫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 神道教zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 佛教zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宗教美學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Serial Experiments Lainzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sci-Fi Animeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Serial Experiments Lainen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Shintoismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Buddhismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Religious Aestheticsen_US
dc.title (題名) 網路女神：「玲音」內的傳統宗教美感zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Goddess of the Internet: Traditional Religious Sensibilities in Serial Experiments Lainen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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