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題名 由離岸風場之規劃評析我國海域空間規劃之法制
A Review on the Legal Regime of Maritime Spatial Planning in Taiwan: From the Perspective of Offshore Wind Farm Planning作者 王仁邑
Wang, Jen-Yi貢獻者 傅玲靜
Fu, Ling-Ching
王仁邑
Wang, Jen-Yi關鍵詞 海域空間規劃
海洋空間規劃
離岸風電發展
離岸風場規劃
生態系統方法
歐盟2014年海域空間規劃指令
英國2009年海域及海岸近用法
國土計畫法海洋資源地區
海域管理法
Maritime Spatial Planning
Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore Wind Development
Offshore Wind Farm Planning
Ecosystem-based Approach
EU Maritime Spatial Planning Directive
The Maritime and Coastal Access Act 2009
The Marine Resource Zones of the National Spatial Planning Act
The Marine Areas Management Act日期 2023 上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 14:41:15 (UTC+8) 摘要 在國際推展再生能源之趨勢下，我國近年積極發展離岸風電以促進能源轉型，惟伴隨此新興海域利用的快速成長，離岸風場選址引發的海域利用衝突亦層出不窮。盤點我國法制後可發現，各輪離岸風電競標之作業要點與國土計畫法海洋資源地區之規定均欠缺積極引導海域秩序之作用，恐難調和海域漸增之公私益衝突。 為解決此一困境，本文爬梳國際間推行多年的海域空間規劃（Maritime Spatial Planning）理論，試圖建構理想的制度內涵供我國改進參考。依聯合國教科文組織之指引，海域空間規劃係透過分析及分配人類海域活動之時空間分布以實現生態、經濟及社會目標的公共過程。而多數文獻肯認此制度應重視以生態系統為基礎之管理方法、陸海交互作用、適應性管理方法以及先期且實質之參與。歐洲聯盟於2014年制定之海域空間規劃指令即反映前述內涵，並要求成員國建立法制，循程序性步驟產出海域空間計畫，惟就是否另立專法則採開放立場。 透過英國之比較法研究，本文認為其不僅針對各輪離岸風電競標之風場場址有縝密部門規劃，且2009年制定之專法「海域及海岸近用法」更透過海域政策聲明書與海域計畫之分層訂定落實海域空間規劃理念，積極引導各部門海域利用之平衡，值得我國借鏡。其中，事前通知陸域主管機關參與規劃、於計畫草案擬定前便發布公眾參與聲明書以蒐集公眾意見、於規劃過程中進行永續性評估這三項規劃程序設計尤具參考價值。 依本文研究成果，我國應就海域空間規劃另立專法或修正國土計畫法乃政策選擇，惟綜合審視我國法制概況，本文傾向採取另定專法路徑，並將適用範圍擴及專屬經濟海域以因應離岸風場開發趨勢，建議可在2015年版海域管理法草案之基礎上參酌英國法制增添相應之規劃程序與管理措施。透過本研究之拋磚引玉，本文期許為我國海域空間規劃法制化作出貢獻，讓離岸風電之推行能與海洋環境保護相互協調，並與多元的海域利用活動共存共榮於我國廣袤的大海中。
Under global renewable energy initiatives, Taiwan has been vigorously developing offshore wind energy in recent years to facilitate energy transition. However, along with the rapid growth of this emerging marine use, there are also several conflicts between different marine sectors arisen from the site planning of offshore wind farms. A review of the legal framework in Taiwan reveals that both the existing offshore wind bidding rules and the current regulations of the “Marine Resource Zones” of the National Spatial Planning Act lack the active function of creating marine co-existence, making it difficult to coordinate the increasing conflicts of different interests. To solve this issue, this thesis looks into the theory of Maritime Spatial Planning (“MSP”) which has been promoted for years internationally and tries to build an ideal model to help reform the legal system in Taiwan. According to the UNESCO guidelines, MSP is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives. Most literature recognizes that MSP focuses on ecosystem-based management, land-sea interaction, adaptive management, and early and substantial participation. The European Union’s Maritime Spatial Planning Directive in 2014 adopts a similar position and requires member states to establish MSP legal framework to produce maritime spatial plans following procedural steps, while whether to enact a new law is left to the discretion of member states. Through comparative research on the legal regime of the United Kingdom, this thesis believes its experience is enlightening for Taiwan. The United Kingdom has elaborate sectoral preparation for offshore wind farm planning, and on top of that enacts the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 to implement the concept of MSP through the layered production of Marine Policy Statement and Marine Plans, achieving the balance between various marine uses. Under this Act, the three procedural arrangements that provide particularly valuable references include: (i) notifying terrestrial planning authorities beforehand to participate in the marine planning process, (ii) publishing the statement of public participation to collect opinions before the draft plan is prepared, and (iii) conducting the sustainability appraisal during the planning process. This thesis holds a position that it remains a policy choice for the Taiwanese legislators whether to enact a separate law on MSP or to amend the existing National Spatial Planning Act to incorporate MSP, however the author prefers that enacting a separate law is a better option after analyzing the legal framework of Taiwan. Meanwhile, the scope of MSP should be extended to the exclusive economic zones in response to the trend of offshore wind farms development. In conclusion, it is suggested to adopt the proposed draft of the Marine Areas Management Act in 2015 as a basis and add corresponding planning procedures and management measure provisions taking reference from the United Kingdom’s legal system. 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國立政治大學
法律學系
107651015資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107651015 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 傅玲靜 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Fu, Ling-Ching en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王仁邑 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Jen-Yi en_US dc.creator (作者) 王仁邑 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Jen-Yi en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 14:41:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 14:41:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 14:41:15 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107651015 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152890 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107651015 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在國際推展再生能源之趨勢下，我國近年積極發展離岸風電以促進能源轉型，惟伴隨此新興海域利用的快速成長，離岸風場選址引發的海域利用衝突亦層出不窮。盤點我國法制後可發現，各輪離岸風電競標之作業要點與國土計畫法海洋資源地區之規定均欠缺積極引導海域秩序之作用，恐難調和海域漸增之公私益衝突。 為解決此一困境，本文爬梳國際間推行多年的海域空間規劃（Maritime Spatial Planning）理論，試圖建構理想的制度內涵供我國改進參考。依聯合國教科文組織之指引，海域空間規劃係透過分析及分配人類海域活動之時空間分布以實現生態、經濟及社會目標的公共過程。而多數文獻肯認此制度應重視以生態系統為基礎之管理方法、陸海交互作用、適應性管理方法以及先期且實質之參與。歐洲聯盟於2014年制定之海域空間規劃指令即反映前述內涵，並要求成員國建立法制，循程序性步驟產出海域空間計畫，惟就是否另立專法則採開放立場。 透過英國之比較法研究，本文認為其不僅針對各輪離岸風電競標之風場場址有縝密部門規劃，且2009年制定之專法「海域及海岸近用法」更透過海域政策聲明書與海域計畫之分層訂定落實海域空間規劃理念，積極引導各部門海域利用之平衡，值得我國借鏡。其中，事前通知陸域主管機關參與規劃、於計畫草案擬定前便發布公眾參與聲明書以蒐集公眾意見、於規劃過程中進行永續性評估這三項規劃程序設計尤具參考價值。 依本文研究成果，我國應就海域空間規劃另立專法或修正國土計畫法乃政策選擇，惟綜合審視我國法制概況，本文傾向採取另定專法路徑，並將適用範圍擴及專屬經濟海域以因應離岸風場開發趨勢，建議可在2015年版海域管理法草案之基礎上參酌英國法制增添相應之規劃程序與管理措施。透過本研究之拋磚引玉，本文期許為我國海域空間規劃法制化作出貢獻，讓離岸風電之推行能與海洋環境保護相互協調，並與多元的海域利用活動共存共榮於我國廣袤的大海中。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Under global renewable energy initiatives, Taiwan has been vigorously developing offshore wind energy in recent years to facilitate energy transition. However, along with the rapid growth of this emerging marine use, there are also several conflicts between different marine sectors arisen from the site planning of offshore wind farms. A review of the legal framework in Taiwan reveals that both the existing offshore wind bidding rules and the current regulations of the “Marine Resource Zones” of the National Spatial Planning Act lack the active function of creating marine co-existence, making it difficult to coordinate the increasing conflicts of different interests. To solve this issue, this thesis looks into the theory of Maritime Spatial Planning (“MSP”) which has been promoted for years internationally and tries to build an ideal model to help reform the legal system in Taiwan. According to the UNESCO guidelines, MSP is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives. Most literature recognizes that MSP focuses on ecosystem-based management, land-sea interaction, adaptive management, and early and substantial participation. The European Union’s Maritime Spatial Planning Directive in 2014 adopts a similar position and requires member states to establish MSP legal framework to produce maritime spatial plans following procedural steps, while whether to enact a new law is left to the discretion of member states. Through comparative research on the legal regime of the United Kingdom, this thesis believes its experience is enlightening for Taiwan. The United Kingdom has elaborate sectoral preparation for offshore wind farm planning, and on top of that enacts the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 to implement the concept of MSP through the layered production of Marine Policy Statement and Marine Plans, achieving the balance between various marine uses. Under this Act, the three procedural arrangements that provide particularly valuable references include: (i) notifying terrestrial planning authorities beforehand to participate in the marine planning process, (ii) publishing the statement of public participation to collect opinions before the draft plan is prepared, and (iii) conducting the sustainability appraisal during the planning process. This thesis holds a position that it remains a policy choice for the Taiwanese legislators whether to enact a separate law on MSP or to amend the existing National Spatial Planning Act to incorporate MSP, however the author prefers that enacting a separate law is a better option after analyzing the legal framework of Taiwan. Meanwhile, the scope of MSP should be extended to the exclusive economic zones in response to the trend of offshore wind farms development. In conclusion, it is suggested to adopt the proposed draft of the Marine Areas Management Act in 2015 as a basis and add corresponding planning procedures and management measure provisions taking reference from the United Kingdom’s legal system. This research is expected to contribute to the legalization of MSP in Taiwan, by which the development of offshore wind farms can co-exist with the marine environment protection and thrive with various marine uses in the vast ocean. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 概念用語說明 3 第三節 研究範圍與研究目的 5 第四節 文獻回顧 6 第五節 研究方法及研究架構 8 第二章 我國離岸風場規劃與海域空間規劃之法制 11 第一節 我國離岸風場規劃之規範 11 第二節 我國涉及海域之空間規劃規範 18 第三節 我國現行海域空間規劃法制之不足 26 第四節 海域管理法之立法嘗試 30 第五節 小結 31 第三章 海域空間規劃之理論內涵及國際指引 33 第一節 海域空間規劃之理論 33 第二節 海域空間規劃內涵說明 51 第三節 聯合國教科文組織發布之程序指引 68 第四節 歐盟海域空間規劃法制分析 83 第五節 小結 93 第四章 英國法制觀察與分析 97 第一節 英國離岸風場規劃法制 97 第二節 英國海域空間規劃法制 107 第三節 小結─英國法制之整體分析 130 第五章 我國海域空間規劃法制化之建議 133 第一節 我國法制之整體改進分析 133 第二節 對海域管理法草案之觀察及評析 140 第三節 小結 159 第六章 結論與建議 161 附件一 2015年立法委員邱文彥版海域管理法草案 165 附件二 2021年海洋委員會版海域管理法草案 179 參考文獻 189 zh_TW dc.format.extent 9847473 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107651015 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海域空間規劃 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海洋空間規劃 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 離岸風電發展 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 離岸風場規劃 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生態系統方法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟2014年海域空間規劃指令 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英國2009年海域及海岸近用法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國土計畫法海洋資源地區 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海域管理法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Maritime Spatial Planning en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Marine Spatial Planning en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Offshore Wind Development en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Offshore Wind Farm Planning en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ecosystem-based Approach en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) EU Maritime Spatial Planning Directive en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Maritime and Coastal Access Act 2009 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Marine Resource Zones of the National Spatial Planning Act en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Marine Areas Management Act en_US dc.title (題名) 由離岸風場之規劃評析我國海域空間規劃之法制 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Review on the Legal Regime of Maritime Spatial Planning in Taiwan: From the Perspective of Offshore Wind Farm Planning en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻 （一）專書 邱文彥，海岸管理：理論與實務，五南圖書，2000年。 姜皇池，國際海洋法（上冊），二版，新學林，2018年。 姜皇池，國際海洋法（下冊），二版，新學林，2018年。 張正修，比較憲法與政治（第二冊）：英國憲法論，新學林，2014年9月。 張越，英國行政法，中國政法大學出版社，2004年6月。 陳明燦，土地利用計畫法導論，三版，自版，2018年9月。 陳慈陽，環境法總論，三版，元照，2011年11月。 （二）專書論文 林明鏘，評國土計畫法，收錄於：林明鏘著，國土計畫法學研究，二版，元照，2018年3月，頁201-223。 傅玲靜，空間總體及部門計畫法制中之計畫形成自由及其界限，收錄於：司法院編，行政訴訟制度相關論文彙編，第9輯，2019年12月，頁217-256。 傅玲靜，臺灣行政程序法之檢討與展望—以空間計畫法制為中心，收錄於：台灣行政法學會編，行政執行/行政罰/行政程序/政府資料開放/風險社會與行政訴訟，2017年1月，頁189-222。 黃異，物權化的漁業制度，收錄於：黃異著，海域管理與行政法，神州圖書，2003年6月，頁93-100。 （三）期刊論文 江念慈、卓正中、高瑞新，以海域空間規劃治理金廈海域之初探性研究──以海漂垃圾為例，航運季刊，第29卷第3期，2020年9月，頁1-27。 邱文彥，從海洋政策觀點論臺灣離岸風場之發展，國家發展研究，第18卷第2期，2019年6月，頁55-124。 胡念祖，論海域管理法及海洋空間規劃法二法應有內涵之辨，海洋事務與政策評論第9卷第1期，2021 年8月，頁1-18。 高銘志，淺談近期修正再生能源發展條例─能源轉型關鍵最後一哩修法？，月旦法學雜誌，第291期，2019年7月，頁94-107。 張志偉，行政自主餘地──以德國行政法學判斷餘地理論為檢視重點，財產法暨經濟法，第52期，2018年6月，頁93-138。 陳貞如，「生態系統方法」之國際海洋環境法制發展及我國實踐，台灣國際法季刊，第十二卷第三期，2015年9月，頁85-120。 陳惠美，都市計畫法中民眾參與相關問題之分析與探討，全國律師，第23卷第2期，2019年2月，頁89-100。 陳靜慧，海洋空間規劃（MSP）法制之發展與挑戰－以歐盟《海洋空間規劃指令》為例，台灣法學雜誌，第404期，2020年11月，頁141-158。 傅玲靜，利益衡量、計畫形成自由及利益衡量原則──評最高行政法院108年度上字第626號判決（芝山岩周邊景觀管制規定計畫案），裁判時報，119期，2022年5月，頁13-28。 傅玲靜，都市計畫之計畫形成自由及其司法審查密度──以德國法制為觀察比較之對象，興大法學，27期，2020年5月，頁1-57。 詹昊棠，英國海洋管理相關機構介紹，國際海洋資訊，第15期，2021年12月，頁17-21。 羅俊瑋，海域管理法制初探，真理法學論叢，第20期，2018年3月，頁1-32。 （四）研究報告 中華民國海洋及水下技術協會，非都市土地海域區區位許可機制探討，內政部營建署委託研究成果報告，執行期間：2016年4月至2017年4月。 中華民國海洋及水下技術協會，海域功能區劃與管理工作，內政部營建署委託研究成果報告，執行期間：2007年9月至2008年9月。 邱文彥（計畫主持人）、胡興華（協同主持人），海域管理法制立法研究，國家海洋研究院委託研究報告，計畫編號：OAC-NAMR-108-006，執行期間：2019年3月至2019年10月。 邱文彥（計畫主持人）、陸曉筠（協同主持人），海域空間規劃國際政策、制度與實務研析，國家海洋研究院委託研究報告，計畫編號：NAMR-109-017，執行期間：2020年3月至2020年11月。 經濟部能源局（今經濟部能源署），離岸風電英國參訪研習團出國報告，系統識別號：C10504704，出國期間：2016年9月4日至2016年9月14日，報告日期：2016年12月14日。 （五）學位論文 吳依佩，論風力發電所涉環境爭議與訴訟之研究，國立清華大學科法所碩士論文，2011年。 李彥蒲，臺灣發展離岸風力發電對漁業的影響及其雙贏策略之研究，國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系碩士論文，2014年。 卓可威，海洋空間規劃於臺灣離岸風場開發之運用，國立臺灣海洋大學河海工程學系碩士論文，2021年。 洪毅帆，海洋空間規劃制度之國外實踐借鏡─以英國蘇格蘭案例為中心，中央警察大學水上警察研究所碩士論文，2021年。 張凱婷，風力發電之風險管制與行政爭訟，東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士論文，2019年。 陳琬瑩，從公私協力觀點探討我國離岸風力發電法制之形成與發展，國立臺北大學法律學系碩士論文，2020年。 黃弘祺，國土空間規劃中海域範圍及功能區劃之研究，國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系碩士論文，2007年。 劉得彥，美國海洋空間規劃之海洋區劃原則：以羅德島州、華盛頓州及康乃狄克州之海洋空間管理計畫為例，國立中山大學海洋事務研究所碩士論文，2022年。 蕭堉成，離岸風電法制問題評析與法制化研究—以德國法為借鏡，國立臺灣大學法律學院法律學研究所碩士論文，2019年。 （六）網路文獻 海洋委員會，2020國家海洋政策白皮書，2020年6月，https://www.oac.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=232&parentpath=0,2（最後瀏覽日期：2024年5月3日）。 二、英文文獻 （一）專書 CULLINGWORTH, BARRY, NADIN, VINCENT, HART, TREVOR, DAVOUDI, SIMIN, PENDLEBURY, JOHN, VIGAR, GEOFF, WEBB, DAVID, & TOWNSHEND, TIM: TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING IN THE UK (ROUTLEDGE, 15TH EDITION, 2015). 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