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題名 自然人身分轉換為公司法人後的所得稅負影響
The Effect of Status Change on Income Tax Burden: From Individual to Corporate Entity
作者 許家華
Xu, Jia-Hua
貢獻者 羅光達<br>楊子霆
Lo, Kuang-Ta<br>Yang, Tzu-Ting
許家華
Xu, Jia-Hua
關鍵詞 租稅負擔
避稅
身分轉換
綜合所得稅
企業型態
Tax Burden
Tax Avoidance
Status Change
Individual Income Tax
Organizational Form
日期 2024
上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 14:43:59 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文使用2004年至2020年財政資訊中心提供之相關綜合所得稅檔建構出完整的家戶所得稅資料,再結合營業稅籍主檔得出公司資訊,藉此區分出家戶成員中有公司負責人的實驗組,以及家戶中完全沒有負責人的控制組,並運用傾向分數配對法(Propensity Score Matching, PSM)找出相似的實驗組及控制組後,以差異中的差異(Differnce-in-Differences, DID)模型分析家戶設立公司前後共計6個年度的租稅負擔變化,探討是否會因我國個人與營利事業所得稅制度設計上的差異,而存在透過身分轉換來避稅的誘因。 研究結果顯示,實驗組相較於控制組在設立公司後有效稅率會顯著下降,表示其租稅負擔在公司設立後確實會減少,而若根據企業創立的不同性質可發現,資本額低、員工人數少的小規模公司會比大規模公司更容易從事避稅活動。非公開發行公司或是家族企業,因資訊較不透明故能操弄公司內部的租稅規劃政策,導致避稅效果較公開發行公司和非家族企業大,顯示創立何種公司對家戶的避稅行為有所影響。最後,本文調整實驗組的樣本,將公司負責人擔任的期間延長,發現對有效稅率的估計效果仍為負向顯著,結果十分穩健,顯示自然人轉換為公司法人後對其所得稅負有下降的影響。
This paper uses the individual income tax data provided by Fiscal Information Agency from 2004 to 2020 to construct a comprehensive household income tax dataset. Then, we combine the business registration data to obtain company information. After organizing the data, we can divide households into two groups, one for the treatment group which has company representatives and the other for the control group which is without any representatives. After getting the sample of the research, we use propensity score matching (PSM) method to make two groups more similar, and apply the difference-in-differences (DID) model to analyze the effect on tax burden over a six years panel data. The study aims to find whether the differences between the income tax systems would cause individuals tranform to corporate enities to gain more tax benefits. The empirical results show that the effective tax rate would significantly decrease after starting a company. We also analyze the magnitude of the tax avoidance by distinguishing the nature of the company, finding that a company’s scale and transparency strongly affect tax avoidance behavior due to their ability to manipulate tax policies. Lastly, we find that the effect remains significantly negative when we extend the tenure of the person in charge. It points out that the results are very robust, demonstrating that transforming from an individual to a corporate entity has a significant downward impact on income tax burden.
參考文獻 一、中文文獻 吳世英(2012),「租稅、企業組織型態和效率損失」,《經濟論文叢刊》, 40(1),37–71。 林嬌能與許彩蓮(2011),「家族企業與租稅規劃之關聯性」,《會計學報》,4(1),23–49。 連賢明、曾中信、楊子霆、韓幸紋、羅光達(2021),「臺灣財富分配2004-2014:以個人財產登錄資料推估」,《經濟論文叢刊》,49(1),77–130。 黃美祝與楊佩璇(2011),「集團企業與非集團企業避稅程度之比較」,《會計學報》,4(1),1–22。 鄭竹君、劉祈麟(2020),「複雜股權結構與企業避稅之關聯—以我國上市櫃公司為例」,《財稅研究》,49卷6期,34–54。 羅詠傑(2020),《以財產登錄資料推估台灣營利事業財富》,碩士論文,國立政治大學財政學研究所。 二、英文文獻 Chen, S., X. Chen, Q. Cheng and T. Shevlin (2010), “Are Family Firms More Tax Aggressive than Non-Family Firms?” Journal of Financial Economics, 95(1), 41-61. Desai, M. A. and D. Dharmapala (2009), “Corporate Tax Avoidance and Firm Value,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(3), 537-546. Egger, P. H., C. Keuschnigg and H. Winner (2009), “Incorporation and Taxation: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence,” CESifo Working Paper No. 2685. Goolsbee, A. (1998), “Taxes, Organizational Form, and the Deadweight Loss of the Corporate Income Tax,” Journal of Public Economics, 69(1), 143-152. Goolsbee, A. (2004), “The Impact of the Corporate Income Tax: Evidence from State Organizational Form Data,” Journal of Public Economics, 88(11), 2283-2299. Mackie‐Mason, J. K. and R. H. Gordon (1997), “How Much Do Taxes Discourage Incorporation?” The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 477-506. Rosenbaum, P. R., & D. B. Rubin (1983), “The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects,” Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
111255003
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111255003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 羅光達<br>楊子霆zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lo, Kuang-Ta<br>Yang, Tzu-Tingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許家華zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Xu, Jia-Huaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 許家華zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Xu, Jia-Huaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 14:43:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 14:43:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 14:43:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111255003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152901-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111255003zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文使用2004年至2020年財政資訊中心提供之相關綜合所得稅檔建構出完整的家戶所得稅資料,再結合營業稅籍主檔得出公司資訊,藉此區分出家戶成員中有公司負責人的實驗組,以及家戶中完全沒有負責人的控制組,並運用傾向分數配對法(Propensity Score Matching, PSM)找出相似的實驗組及控制組後,以差異中的差異(Differnce-in-Differences, DID)模型分析家戶設立公司前後共計6個年度的租稅負擔變化,探討是否會因我國個人與營利事業所得稅制度設計上的差異,而存在透過身分轉換來避稅的誘因。 研究結果顯示,實驗組相較於控制組在設立公司後有效稅率會顯著下降,表示其租稅負擔在公司設立後確實會減少,而若根據企業創立的不同性質可發現,資本額低、員工人數少的小規模公司會比大規模公司更容易從事避稅活動。非公開發行公司或是家族企業,因資訊較不透明故能操弄公司內部的租稅規劃政策,導致避稅效果較公開發行公司和非家族企業大,顯示創立何種公司對家戶的避稅行為有所影響。最後,本文調整實驗組的樣本,將公司負責人擔任的期間延長,發現對有效稅率的估計效果仍為負向顯著,結果十分穩健,顯示自然人轉換為公司法人後對其所得稅負有下降的影響。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This paper uses the individual income tax data provided by Fiscal Information Agency from 2004 to 2020 to construct a comprehensive household income tax dataset. Then, we combine the business registration data to obtain company information. After organizing the data, we can divide households into two groups, one for the treatment group which has company representatives and the other for the control group which is without any representatives. After getting the sample of the research, we use propensity score matching (PSM) method to make two groups more similar, and apply the difference-in-differences (DID) model to analyze the effect on tax burden over a six years panel data. The study aims to find whether the differences between the income tax systems would cause individuals tranform to corporate enities to gain more tax benefits. The empirical results show that the effective tax rate would significantly decrease after starting a company. We also analyze the magnitude of the tax avoidance by distinguishing the nature of the company, finding that a company’s scale and transparency strongly affect tax avoidance behavior due to their ability to manipulate tax policies. Lastly, we find that the effect remains significantly negative when we extend the tenure of the person in charge. It points out that the results are very robust, demonstrating that transforming from an individual to a corporate entity has a significant downward impact on income tax burden.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 前言 1 第貳章 現行所得稅制度比較與相關文獻 7 第一節 現行所得稅制度比較 7 第二節 文獻回顧 11 第參章 研究方法 17 第一節 資料來源與變數說明 17 第二節 樣本篩選 21 第三節 模型設定 24 第肆章 實證結果 27 第一節 敘述統計 27 第二節 迴歸結果 33 第三節 穩健性測試 42 第伍章 結論與建議 49 參考文獻 51zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2450064 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111255003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 租稅負擔zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 避稅zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 身分轉換zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 綜合所得稅zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 企業型態zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tax Burdenen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tax Avoidanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Status Changeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Individual Income Taxen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Organizational Formen_US
dc.title (題名) 自然人身分轉換為公司法人後的所得稅負影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Effect of Status Change on Income Tax Burden: From Individual to Corporate Entityen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻 吳世英(2012),「租稅、企業組織型態和效率損失」,《經濟論文叢刊》, 40(1),37–71。 林嬌能與許彩蓮(2011),「家族企業與租稅規劃之關聯性」,《會計學報》,4(1),23–49。 連賢明、曾中信、楊子霆、韓幸紋、羅光達(2021),「臺灣財富分配2004-2014:以個人財產登錄資料推估」,《經濟論文叢刊》,49(1),77–130。 黃美祝與楊佩璇(2011),「集團企業與非集團企業避稅程度之比較」,《會計學報》,4(1),1–22。 鄭竹君、劉祈麟(2020),「複雜股權結構與企業避稅之關聯—以我國上市櫃公司為例」,《財稅研究》,49卷6期,34–54。 羅詠傑(2020),《以財產登錄資料推估台灣營利事業財富》,碩士論文,國立政治大學財政學研究所。 二、英文文獻 Chen, S., X. Chen, Q. Cheng and T. Shevlin (2010), “Are Family Firms More Tax Aggressive than Non-Family Firms?” Journal of Financial Economics, 95(1), 41-61. Desai, M. A. and D. Dharmapala (2009), “Corporate Tax Avoidance and Firm Value,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(3), 537-546. Egger, P. H., C. Keuschnigg and H. Winner (2009), “Incorporation and Taxation: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence,” CESifo Working Paper No. 2685. Goolsbee, A. (1998), “Taxes, Organizational Form, and the Deadweight Loss of the Corporate Income Tax,” Journal of Public Economics, 69(1), 143-152. Goolsbee, A. (2004), “The Impact of the Corporate Income Tax: Evidence from State Organizational Form Data,” Journal of Public Economics, 88(11), 2283-2299. Mackie‐Mason, J. K. and R. H. Gordon (1997), “How Much Do Taxes Discourage Incorporation?” The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 477-506. Rosenbaum, P. R., & D. B. Rubin (1983), “The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects,” Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.zh_TW