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題名 不同補貼政策對臺灣電子支付影響之動態隨機一般均衡模型分析
The Impact of Different Subsidy Policies on Electronic Payments in Taiwan: A Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Analysis
作者 林之舫
Lin, Chih-Fang
貢獻者 朱琇妍
Chu, Shiou-Yen
林之舫
Lin, Chih-Fang
關鍵詞 動態隨機一般均衡模型
電子支付
行動支付
小規模營業人
補貼
Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model
Electronic payment
Mobile payment
Small-scale business entities
Subsidy
日期 2024
上傳時間 4-Sep-2024 14:45:04 (UTC+8)
摘要 行政院自 2017 年起推動行動支付普及率達 90%的目標,財政部於 2018 年提出相關作業規範以配合該政策。過去文獻指出,電子支付的普及可以降低稽徵成本,增加政府對交易的掌控,從而減少地下經濟。然而,有些研究認為現行的租稅優惠政策未能有效提高行動支付的使用率,反而可能造成稅收減少。政府推動行動支付立意良善,但具體實施方法尚待討論。 本文建立一個包含信用財和現金財兩部門的動態隨機一般均衡模型(Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, DSGE),探討政府進行從價補貼、從量補貼或定額補貼,對消費者消費信用財,以及對廠商生產信用財的影響。結果發現,在三種補貼方案中,定額補貼對信用財消費量以及信用財廠商的產量及利潤提升程度最大,從量補貼次之,而從價補貼刺激效果相對較弱。 然而,為避免政府支出過度膨脹,需調升其他稅目以替補貼提供財源,本文分別模擬調增薪資稅、現金財消費稅及信用財消費稅以維持總體稅收不變,結果發現不論提升現金財消費稅或信用財消費稅對兩部門廠商利潤及產出下降的影響皆大於提升薪資稅。總體而言,若政府希望刺激廠商生產信用財與增加消費者購買信用財,定額補貼是比較好的方案;若要調整其他稅目以維持稅收平衡,則調升薪資稅對廠商及信用財消費量的影響相對較小。
Since 2017, the Executive Yuan has aimed to increase the adoption rate of mobile payments to 90%, with the Ministry of Finance introducing relevant operational regulations in 2018 to support this policy. Previous literature has indicated that the widespread use of electronic payments can reduce tax collection costs, enhance government control over transactions, and consequently reduce the underground economy. However, some studies argue that the current tax incentive policies have not effectively increased the use of mobile payments and may even lead to a decrease in tax revenue. Although the government's intention to promote mobile payments is wellintentioned, the specific implementation methods remain to be discussed. This paper develops a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model comprising two sectors: credit goods and cash goods. The model investigates the effects of ad valorem subsidies, unit subsidies, and lump-sum subsidies on consumer consumption of credit goods and on the production of credit goods by firms. The results reveal that among the three subsidy schemes, lump-sum subsidies have the most significant impact on increasing the consumption of credit goods and the output and profits of firms producing credit goods, followed by unit subsidies, while ad valorem subsidies have relatively weaker stimulating effects. However, to prevent excessive government expenditure, it is necessary to increase other tax categories to fund the subsidies adequately. This paper simulates increases in wage taxes, consumption taxes on cash goods, and consumption taxes on credit goods to maintain overall tax revenue levels. The results indicate that compared to increasing wage taxes, raising consumption taxes on cash goods and credit goods significantly reduces profits and output for firms in both sectors. Overall, if the government aims to stimulate the production of credit goods and increase consumer purchases of these goods, lump-sum subsidies are a preferable solution. If adjustments to other tax categories are needed to maintain revenue balance, increasing wage taxes has a relatively smaller impact on firms and consumption of credit goods.
參考文獻 中文文獻: 政府資料: 中華民國中央銀行全球資訊網(2024),五大銀行存放款利率歷史月資料,2024年3月31日,取自: https://www.cbc.gov.tw/tw/np-1166-1.html 中華民國交通部(2024),交通部公路局公路公共運輸行動支付驗票設備整合補助作業要點,2024年7月3日,取自: https://motclaw.motc.gov.tw/ShowMaster.aspx?LawID=E0434002 中華民國統計資訊網(2024),國民所得及經濟成長,2024年3月31日,取自: https://www.stat.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=2674 行政院(2021),111 年度施政報告與方針,2021年4月1日,取自: https://www.ey.gov.tw/File/226BE9E62BC7E537 金融管理監督委員會(2024),金管會訂定我國非現金支付交易指標未來三年新目標值,2024年1月9日,取自: https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202401090002&dtable=News 金融監督管理委員會銀行局(2024),信用卡、儲值卡、電子支付帳戶業務資訊揭露,2024年3月31日,取自: https://www.banking.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=591&parentpath=0,590 原住民族委員會(2024),113年度雲世代產業數位轉型-數位翻轉原住民族事業申請須知,2024年2月26日,取自: https://www.cip.gov.tw/zh-tw/news/data-list/6EBE68EA8288674E/47DCC78D5EC386CDECC36AEAD9899E5C-info.html 財政部北區國稅局(2024),小規模營業人導入行動支付租稅優惠停止適用情形,2024年1月29日,取自: https://www.ntbna.gov.tw/singlehtml/374fe8c4b18e48c691a6806ac02b9984?cntId=6498ca5ca5b14f28bf177ddc390f9217#gsc.tab=0 財政部財政資訊中心(2024),2021年度綜合所得稅申報核定統計專冊,2024年5月30日,取自: https://www.fia.gov.tw/singlehtml/43?cntId=cd43cbaa77aa442dbff39f87e611d02c 新北市政府經濟發展局(2024),新北市政府113年度推動設置太陽光電發電系統補助計畫,2024年6月10日,取自: https://www.economic.ntpc.gov.tw/Custom/新北市推動設置太陽光電發電系統補助計畫 臺灣經濟研究院(2017),《翻轉台灣支付未來需要稅制誘因》,2017年7月6日,取自: https://www.tier.org.tw/comment/pec1010.aspx?GUID=4eb83ea5-c1fa-44c8-8c4a-9c59f3b56e39 數位發展部(2024),針對報載雲市集申請率不佳,成效不彰停止受理一節,數位部嚴正澄清說明,2024年3月7日,取自: https://moda.gov.tw/ADI/news/latest-news/11456 網路資料: 朱悅與衛瑤(2023),新能源補貼13年帳單:投入超1,572億,覆蓋317萬輛車,澎湃新聞,取自: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_21339428 林昱均(2021),網路交易金流年底全面查稅,工商時報。2021年8月18日,取自: https://www.ctee.com.tw/news/20210818700152-430103 陳國樑(2024),新政府應杜絕浮濫特別預算,聯合報,2024年1月25日,取自: https://udn.com/news/story/123296/7732038 學位論文: 周孜庭(2018),從價、從量與成本補貼三種出口貿易政策福利效果之比較-多家廠商的情況,國立政治大學財政研究所碩士論文。 洪如孟(2018),微型支付之外溢效果與最適補貼,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。 高秉澤(2023),小規模營業人導入行動支付租稅優惠對課稅銷售額影響之探討,國立政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。 許之睿(2021),影響非連鎖早餐店使用行動支付交易之關鍵因素,國立彰化師範大學資訊管理學系碩士論文。 鄭雅芳(2022),非現金支付與加值型營業稅逃漏稅關係之研究,東海大學公共事務碩士在職專班碩士論文。 蔡婷羽(2023),臺灣消費稅改革之動態隨機一般均衡模型分析,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。 期刊文獻: 林朕陞與洪福聲(2019),臺灣的金融發展和經濟成長:地下經濟的角色,經濟研究,55(1),71-114。 姚名鴻與李永丁(2022),影響各縣市小規模營業人導入行動支付適用租稅優惠家數之實證分析,財稅研究,51,69-95。 陳國樑、王肇蘭、黃勢璋(2017),我國實施所得稅及加值稅租稅優惠促進個人消費之可行性研究,財稅研究,46,100-107。 黃俞寧(2013),動態隨機一般均衡架構在台灣貨幣政策制定上之應用,中央銀行季刊,35(1),3-33。 黃勢璋與石恩銘(2020),政府應重新檢討我國加值型營業稅制,新社會政策,67,64-69。 傅敬堯、林雪瑜、楊淑珺(2018),稅制調整與地下經濟—臺灣動態隨機一般均衡模型分析,臺灣經濟預測與政策,49(1),1-45。 英文文獻: Abbas, H., Rasul, B., Dastjerdi, M., and Hoshang, S.(2019), On the Welfare Cost of Inflation in a New Keynesian Model with a Cash-in-advance Constraint: The Case of Iran, Iranian Economic Review, 23(3), 747-767. Azar, J., Berry, S., and Marinescu, I.(2022), Estimating Labor Market Power, NBER Working Paper Series, No. w30365. Bi, H., Shen, W., and Yang, S.(2016), Fiscal Limits in Developing Countries: A DSGE Approach, Journal of Macroeconomics, 49, 119-130. Chang, J., Lin, H., Savitski, D., and Tsai, H.(2022), Inflation and Inequality in a Growing Economy with Cash and Credit Goods, Macroeconomic Dynamics, 26(3), 579–612. Chu, S., and Wu, T.(2023), Ad Valorem versus Unit Taxes on Capital in a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model, International Tax and Public Finance , 30, 1435–1456. Dutta, J., and Weale, M.(2001), Consumption and the Means of Payment: An Empirical Analysis for the United Kingdom, Economica , 68, 293–316. Guo, J., and Bouwman, H.(2016), An Analytical Framework for an M-payment Ecosystem: A Merchants׳ Perspective, Telecommunications Policy, 40, 147–167. 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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
111255014
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111255014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 朱琇妍zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chu, Shiou-Yenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林之舫zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Chih-Fangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林之舫zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Chih-Fangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Sep-2024 14:45:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Sep-2024 14:45:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Sep-2024 14:45:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111255014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/153323-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111255014zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 行政院自 2017 年起推動行動支付普及率達 90%的目標,財政部於 2018 年提出相關作業規範以配合該政策。過去文獻指出,電子支付的普及可以降低稽徵成本,增加政府對交易的掌控,從而減少地下經濟。然而,有些研究認為現行的租稅優惠政策未能有效提高行動支付的使用率,反而可能造成稅收減少。政府推動行動支付立意良善,但具體實施方法尚待討論。 本文建立一個包含信用財和現金財兩部門的動態隨機一般均衡模型(Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, DSGE),探討政府進行從價補貼、從量補貼或定額補貼,對消費者消費信用財,以及對廠商生產信用財的影響。結果發現,在三種補貼方案中,定額補貼對信用財消費量以及信用財廠商的產量及利潤提升程度最大,從量補貼次之,而從價補貼刺激效果相對較弱。 然而,為避免政府支出過度膨脹,需調升其他稅目以替補貼提供財源,本文分別模擬調增薪資稅、現金財消費稅及信用財消費稅以維持總體稅收不變,結果發現不論提升現金財消費稅或信用財消費稅對兩部門廠商利潤及產出下降的影響皆大於提升薪資稅。總體而言,若政府希望刺激廠商生產信用財與增加消費者購買信用財,定額補貼是比較好的方案;若要調整其他稅目以維持稅收平衡,則調升薪資稅對廠商及信用財消費量的影響相對較小。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since 2017, the Executive Yuan has aimed to increase the adoption rate of mobile payments to 90%, with the Ministry of Finance introducing relevant operational regulations in 2018 to support this policy. Previous literature has indicated that the widespread use of electronic payments can reduce tax collection costs, enhance government control over transactions, and consequently reduce the underground economy. However, some studies argue that the current tax incentive policies have not effectively increased the use of mobile payments and may even lead to a decrease in tax revenue. Although the government's intention to promote mobile payments is wellintentioned, the specific implementation methods remain to be discussed. This paper develops a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model comprising two sectors: credit goods and cash goods. The model investigates the effects of ad valorem subsidies, unit subsidies, and lump-sum subsidies on consumer consumption of credit goods and on the production of credit goods by firms. The results reveal that among the three subsidy schemes, lump-sum subsidies have the most significant impact on increasing the consumption of credit goods and the output and profits of firms producing credit goods, followed by unit subsidies, while ad valorem subsidies have relatively weaker stimulating effects. However, to prevent excessive government expenditure, it is necessary to increase other tax categories to fund the subsidies adequately. This paper simulates increases in wage taxes, consumption taxes on cash goods, and consumption taxes on credit goods to maintain overall tax revenue levels. The results indicate that compared to increasing wage taxes, raising consumption taxes on cash goods and credit goods significantly reduces profits and output for firms in both sectors. Overall, if the government aims to stimulate the production of credit goods and increase consumer purchases of these goods, lump-sum subsidies are a preferable solution. If adjustments to other tax categories are needed to maintain revenue balance, increasing wage taxes has a relatively smaller impact on firms and consumption of credit goods.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 文獻回顧 7 第一節 小規模營業人使用行動支付租稅優惠相關文獻 7 第二節 現金支付與電子支付相關文獻 8 第三節 從量補貼與從價補貼相關文獻 10 第四節 與租稅相關的DSGE文獻 11 第三章 基本模型 13 第一節 家計單位 15 第二節 廠商 22 第三節 政府 30 第四節 外生衝擊 31 第五節 均衡條件 32 第四章 參數設定與模型校正 33 第一節 參數設定 33 第二節 變數恆定狀態 35 第五章 結果分析 38 第一節 從價補貼衝擊 39 第二節 從量補貼衝擊 41 第三節 定額補貼衝擊 43 第四節 調升薪資稅衝擊 46 第五節 調升現金財消費稅衝擊 48 第六節 調升信用財消費稅衝擊 50 第六章 結論與建議 53 第一節 研究發現 53 第二節 研究限制與未來研究方向 54 參考文獻 55 附錄 61 第一節 本文模型之計算式 61 第二節 靜態方程式及線性化方程式 65zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3218413 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111255014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動態隨機一般均衡模型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電子支付zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 行動支付zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 小規模營業人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 補貼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Electronic paymenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mobile paymenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Small-scale business entitiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Subsidyen_US
dc.title (題名) 不同補貼政策對臺灣電子支付影響之動態隨機一般均衡模型分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Impact of Different Subsidy Policies on Electronic Payments in Taiwan: A Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Analysisen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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