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題名 反貪腐法規域外效力對於企業租稅規避之影響
The impact of extraterritoriality of anti-corruption regulations on corporate tax aggressiveness作者 鍾宜軒
Chung, I-Hsuan貢獻者 何怡澄<br>郭振雄
Ho, Yi-Cheng<br>Kuo, Jenn-Shyong
鍾宜軒
Chung, I-Hsuan關鍵詞 反貪腐法規
域外效力
跨國企業
租稅規避
Anti-corruption regulations
Extraterritoriality
Multinational corporations
Tax aggressiveness日期 2024 上傳時間 4-Sep-2024 14:48:03 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文旨在探討反貪腐法規域外效力對於企業租稅激進之影響。反貪腐法規域外效力使跨國企業面臨更高的海外賄賂監管風險。過去文獻指出企業貪腐環境與企業租稅規避具有正向關係，惟尚未有文獻探討跨國貪腐環境。本文探討英國《反賄賂法》(The 2010 United Kingdom Bribery Act, UKBA) 是否影響美國跨國企業租稅激進行為，以在英國設有分支機構者認定受該法管轄（下稱受管轄企業），並使用差異中差異法進行迴歸分析。實證結果顯示，《反賄賂法》通過後，受管轄企業之租稅庇護可能性及租稅不確定性均減少。顯示《反賄賂法》影響受管轄美國企業之租稅激進行為。於敏感性分析，使用不同租稅規避指標、不同實驗組設定，及增加額外控制變數，皆不違反主要測試的結果，確保結果之穩健。額外測試，發現企業營運國家之貪腐程度與租稅規避呈正向關係。《反賄賂法》之通過將抑制受管轄企業於高貪腐國家之營運。
This study examines the impact of the extraterritoriality of anti-corruption regulations on tax aggressiveness. The extraterritoriality of anti-corruption regulations exposes multinational corporations (MNCs) to higher regulatory risk of foreign bribery. Using U.S. MNCs’ different exposure to the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the 2010 United Kingdom Bribery Act (UKBA), this study provides evidence suggesting that the likelihood of tax sheltering and tax uncertainty of exposed firms decrease after the adoption of the UKBA, relative to their unexposed U.S. peers. The finding suggests that the UKBA affects the tax aggressive of exposed U.S. firms. In addition, using alternative measures of tax avoidance, different treatment group proxy, and the inclusion of other control variables in robustness tests, the results are similar to the main test. Lastly, the additional analysis examines the relationship between the extent of business operations in high-corruption countries and tax avoidance and whether the UKBA affects business operations in high-corruption countries. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the extent of business operations in high-corruption countries and tax avoidance, and U.S. MNCs subject to the jurisdiction of the UKBA curb their business in high-corruption-risk countries following the adoption of the UKBA.參考文獻 丘宏達與陳純一，2012，現代國際法（修訂三版），台北：三民書局。 江世雄，2014，跨國犯罪防制條約之管轄權規範探討，涉外執法與政策學報，第4期：13–36。 吳光平，2013，論反托拉斯法之域外效力，中華國際法與超國界法評論，第9卷第1期，頁115–138。 許恒達，2012，反制跨國企業海外行賄──以美國海外反貪腐法為例，輔大法學，第44期（12月）：1–11。 謝大維，2023，私部門賄賂行為之入罪化—以英國反賄賂法為中心，國立臺灣大學法律學系未出版碩士論文。 Akamah, H., OK. Hope, and W.B. Thomas. 2018. Tax havens and disclosure aggregation. Journal of International Business Studies 49 (January): 49–69. Al-Hadi, A., G. Taylor, and G. Richardson. 2022. Are corruption and corporate tax avoidance in the United States related? Review of Accounting Studies 27(March): 344–389. Alm, J., J. Martinez-Vazquez, C. McClellan. 2016. Corruption and firm tax evasion. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 124(April): 146–163. Bailey, D.H. 1966. The effects of corruption in a developing nation. Western Political Quarterly 19(December): 719–732. Bame-Aldred, C., J. Cullen, K. Martin, and K. Parboteeah. 2012. National culture and firm-level tax evasion. Journal of Business Research 66 (March): 390–396. Bankman, J. 2003. The tax shelter battle. In Crises and Tax Administration, edited by H. Aaron and J. Slemrod. Washington D.C.: Bookings. Institution Press. Bardhan, P. 1997. Corruption and development: A review of issues. Journal of Economic Literature 35(September): 1320–1346. Beasley, M.S., D.R. Hermanson, J.V. Carcello, and T.L. Neal. 2010. Fraudulent financial reporting: 1998-2007: an analysis of U.S. public companies. Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams. 453. Beck, P.J. and M.W. Maher. 1985 Competition, regulation and bribery. Managerial and Decision Economics 10(March): 1–12. Blouin, J. 2014. Defining and Measuring Tax Planning Aggressiveness. National Tax Journal 67(4): 875–899. Byard, D., H. Lee, E. Li, and A. Sanseverino. 2023. Anti-corruption laws and geographic reporting transparency. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4266130. Accessed 22 April 2024. Chen, S., X. Chen, Q. Cheng, and T. Shevlin. 2010. Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms? Journal of Financial Economics 95(January): 41–61. Christensen, H.B., M. Maffett, and T. Rauter. 2022. Policeman for the world: The impact of extraterritorial FCPA enforcement on foreign investment and internal controls. The Accounting Review 97(September): 189–219. Christensen, H.B., M. Maffett, and T. Rauter. 2024. Reversing the resource curse: Foreign corruption regulation and the local economic benefits of resource extraction. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 16(January): 90–120. Colangelo, A. J. 2014. What Is Extraterritorial Jurisdiction. Cornell Law Review 99(September): 1303–1352. D’Souza, A., and D. Kaufmann. 2013. Who bribes in public contracting and why: worldwide evidence from firms. Economics of Governance 14(November): 333–367 DeBacker, J, BT. Heim, and A. Tran. 2015. Importing corruption culture from overseas: Evidence from corporate tax evasion in the United States. Journal of Financial Economics 117(July): 122–138 Desai, M. A. and and D. Dharmapala. 2006. Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives. Journal of Financial Economics 79(January): 145–179. Desai, M. A., A. Dyck, and L. Zingales. 2007. Theft and taxes. Journal of Financial Economics 84(June): 591-623 Dreher, D. and M. Gassebner. 2013 Greasing the wheels? The impact of regulations and corruption on firm entry. Public Choice 155(June): 413–432 Dyreng, S.D., M. Hanlon, and E. L. Maydew. 2008. 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國立政治大學
會計學系
111353102資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111353102 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 何怡澄<br>郭振雄 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Ho, Yi-Cheng<br>Kuo, Jenn-Shyong en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鍾宜軒 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chung, I-Hsuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 鍾宜軒 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chung, I-Hsuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Sep-2024 14:48:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Sep-2024 14:48:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Sep-2024 14:48:03 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111353102 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/153337 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 會計學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111353102 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文旨在探討反貪腐法規域外效力對於企業租稅激進之影響。反貪腐法規域外效力使跨國企業面臨更高的海外賄賂監管風險。過去文獻指出企業貪腐環境與企業租稅規避具有正向關係，惟尚未有文獻探討跨國貪腐環境。本文探討英國《反賄賂法》(The 2010 United Kingdom Bribery Act, UKBA) 是否影響美國跨國企業租稅激進行為，以在英國設有分支機構者認定受該法管轄（下稱受管轄企業），並使用差異中差異法進行迴歸分析。實證結果顯示，《反賄賂法》通過後，受管轄企業之租稅庇護可能性及租稅不確定性均減少。顯示《反賄賂法》影響受管轄美國企業之租稅激進行為。於敏感性分析，使用不同租稅規避指標、不同實驗組設定，及增加額外控制變數，皆不違反主要測試的結果，確保結果之穩健。額外測試，發現企業營運國家之貪腐程度與租稅規避呈正向關係。《反賄賂法》之通過將抑制受管轄企業於高貪腐國家之營運。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines the impact of the extraterritoriality of anti-corruption regulations on tax aggressiveness. The extraterritoriality of anti-corruption regulations exposes multinational corporations (MNCs) to higher regulatory risk of foreign bribery. Using U.S. MNCs’ different exposure to the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the 2010 United Kingdom Bribery Act (UKBA), this study provides evidence suggesting that the likelihood of tax sheltering and tax uncertainty of exposed firms decrease after the adoption of the UKBA, relative to their unexposed U.S. peers. The finding suggests that the UKBA affects the tax aggressive of exposed U.S. firms. In addition, using alternative measures of tax avoidance, different treatment group proxy, and the inclusion of other control variables in robustness tests, the results are similar to the main test. Lastly, the additional analysis examines the relationship between the extent of business operations in high-corruption countries and tax avoidance and whether the UKBA affects business operations in high-corruption countries. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the extent of business operations in high-corruption countries and tax avoidance, and U.S. MNCs subject to the jurisdiction of the UKBA curb their business in high-corruption-risk countries following the adoption of the UKBA. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1 第一節 研究議題與動機 1 第二節 研究流程 5 第貳章 文獻探討與假說 7 第一節 貪腐相關理論 7 第二節 反貪腐法規與域外效力 11 第三節 租稅規避相關文獻 18 第四節 假說建立 23 第參章 研究方法 25 第一節 資料來源與資料整理 25 第二節 樣本篩選 26 第三節 變數定義 26 第四節 實證模型 33 第五節 熵平衡 33 第肆章 實證結果與分析 35 第一節 敘述性統計 35 第二節 實證結果 44 第三節 敏感性測試 49 第四節 額外測試 54 第伍章 結論與限制 59 第一節 研究結論 59 第二節 研究限制 60 參考文獻 61 附錄A：國家層級部門揭露數量表 67 附錄B：貪腐接觸程度 71 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3644083 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111353102 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反貪腐法規 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 域外效力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨國企業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 租稅規避 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Anti-corruption regulations en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Extraterritoriality en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multinational corporations en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tax aggressiveness en_US dc.title (題名) 反貪腐法規域外效力對於企業租稅規避之影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The impact of extraterritoriality of anti-corruption regulations on corporate tax aggressiveness en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 丘宏達與陳純一，2012，現代國際法（修訂三版），台北：三民書局。 江世雄，2014，跨國犯罪防制條約之管轄權規範探討，涉外執法與政策學報，第4期：13–36。 吳光平，2013，論反托拉斯法之域外效力，中華國際法與超國界法評論，第9卷第1期，頁115–138。 許恒達，2012，反制跨國企業海外行賄──以美國海外反貪腐法為例，輔大法學，第44期（12月）：1–11。 謝大維，2023，私部門賄賂行為之入罪化—以英國反賄賂法為中心，國立臺灣大學法律學系未出版碩士論文。 Akamah, H., OK. Hope, and W.B. Thomas. 2018. Tax havens and disclosure aggregation. Journal of International Business Studies 49 (January): 49–69. Al-Hadi, A., G. Taylor, and G. Richardson. 2022. Are corruption and corporate tax avoidance in the United States related? Review of Accounting Studies 27(March): 344–389. Alm, J., J. Martinez-Vazquez, C. McClellan. 2016. Corruption and firm tax evasion. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 124(April): 146–163. Bailey, D.H. 1966. The effects of corruption in a developing nation. Western Political Quarterly 19(December): 719–732. Bame-Aldred, C., J. Cullen, K. Martin, and K. Parboteeah. 2012. National culture and firm-level tax evasion. Journal of Business Research 66 (March): 390–396. Bankman, J. 2003. The tax shelter battle. In Crises and Tax Administration, edited by H. Aaron and J. Slemrod. Washington D.C.: Bookings. Institution Press. Bardhan, P. 1997. Corruption and development: A review of issues. Journal of Economic Literature 35(September): 1320–1346. Beasley, M.S., D.R. Hermanson, J.V. Carcello, and T.L. Neal. 2010. Fraudulent financial reporting: 1998-2007: an analysis of U.S. public companies. Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams. 453. Beck, P.J. and M.W. Maher. 1985 Competition, regulation and bribery. Managerial and Decision Economics 10(March): 1–12. Blouin, J. 2014. Defining and Measuring Tax Planning Aggressiveness. National Tax Journal 67(4): 875–899. Byard, D., H. Lee, E. Li, and A. Sanseverino. 2023. Anti-corruption laws and geographic reporting transparency. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4266130. Accessed 22 April 2024. Chen, S., X. Chen, Q. Cheng, and T. Shevlin. 2010. Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms? Journal of Financial Economics 95(January): 41–61. Christensen, H.B., M. Maffett, and T. Rauter. 2022. Policeman for the world: The impact of extraterritorial FCPA enforcement on foreign investment and internal controls. 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