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| Title | 基於賬戶模型區塊鏈的隱私保護機制之研究 A Study on Privacy-preserving Schemes over Account Model Blockchain |
| Creator | 山本遙人 Yamamoto, Haruto |
| Contributor | 左瑞麟 Tso, Ray-Lin 山本遙人 Haruto Yamamoto |
| Key Words | 區塊鏈 隱私保護 零知識證明 Blockchain zk-SNARK Privacy-Preserving Blockchain |
| Date | 2024 |
| Date Issued | 4-Sep-2024 15:01:46 (UTC+8) |
| Summary | 區塊鏈是一種具有透明性的分散式帳本技術，並且其市場正在快速發展，但缺乏隱私性被指出是一個嚴重問題。區塊鏈的隱私保護機實現了對使用者在區塊鏈系統中的隱私保護，例如Monero、Zcash以及Blockmaze。Blockmaze是一種。它還通過zk-SNARKs實現了發送方和接收方之間的不可鏈接性以及交易金額和用戶餘額的匿名性。本研究聚焦於基於賬戶模型區塊鏈的隱私保護機制，如Blockmaze。Blockmaze採用了zk-SNARK來增強隱私保護能力，這與基於UTXO模型的Zcash在以太坊系統中的應用相同，然而，BlockMaze在存儲和計算成本上比以太坊更昂貴。本文提出了一種改良的BlockMaze方案，以在保持相同安全水平的情況下節省這些成本。 Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology with transparency and developing rapidly the market of Blockchain is getting huge, but the lack of privacy is pointed out as a serious problem. Privacy-preserving blockchains achieve privacy protection for users in blockchain systems such as Monero, Zcash, and Blockmaze which is an account-based blockchain that also achieves Unlinkability between a sender and a receiver and anonymity of transaction amount and balance of users with zk-SNARKs. The research focuses on account-based privacy-preserving blockchains such as Blockmaze. Blockmaze adapted zk-SNARK to enhance privacy level based on the Ethereum system same as Zcash in the UTXO model, however, the cost of storage and computation in BlockMaze is much more expensive rather than Ethereum. This paper suggests an Updated BlockMaze scheme to save these costs with the same security level. |
| 參考文獻 | [1] Zijian Bao, Debiao He, Wei Wei, Cong Peng, and Xinyi Huang. Ledgermaze: An efficient privacy-preserving noninteractive zero-knowledge scheme over account-model blockchain. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 72(12):3489–3502, 2023. [2] Eli Ben Sasson, Alessandro Chiesa, Christina Garman, Matthew Green, Ian Miers, Eran Tromer, and Madars Virza. Zerocash: Decentralized anonymous payments from bitcoin. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pages 459–474, 2014. [3] Eli Ben-Sasson, Alessandro Chiesa, Michael Riabzev, Nicholas Spooner, Madars Virza, and Nicholas P Ward. Aurora: Transparent succinct arguments for r1cs. In Advances in Cryptology–EUROCRYPT 2019: 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Darmstadt, Germany, May 19–23, 2019, Proceedings, Part I 38, pages 103–128. Springer, 2019. [4] Lars Brünjes and Murdoch J Gabbay. Utxovs account-based smart contract blockchain programming paradigms. In Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Applications: 9th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, ISoLA 2020, Rhodes, Greece, October 20–30, 2020, Proceedings, Part III 9, pages 73–88. Springer, 2020. [5] Benedikt Bünz, Shashank Agrawal, Mahdi Zamani, and Dan Boneh. Zether: Towards privacy in a smart contract world. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 24th International Conference, FC 2020 , Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, February 10–14, 2020 Revised Selected Papers, page 423–443, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2020. Springer-Verlag. [6] Vitalik Buterin. A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper, 2014. [7] Prastudy Fauzi, Sarah Meiklejohn, Rebekah Mercer, and Claudio Orlandi. Quisquis: A new design for anonymous cryptocurrencies. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2018/990, 2018. https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/990. [8] Lorenzo Grassi, Dmitry Khovratovich, Christian Rechberger, Arnab Roy, and Markus Schofnegger. Poseidon: A new hash function for {Zero-Knowledge} proof systems. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21), pages 519– 535, 2021. [9] Jens Groth. On the size of pairing-based non-interactive arguments. In Advances in Cryptology–EUROCRYPT 2016: 35th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Vienna, Austria, May 8-12, 2016, Proceedings, Part II 35, pages 305–326. Springer, 2016. [10] Zhangshuang Guan, Zhiguo Wan, Yang Yang, Yan Zhou, and Butian Huang. Blockmaze: An efficient privacy-preserving account-model blockchain based on zk-snarks. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 19(3):1446– 1463, 2022. [11] Ian Miers, Christina Garman, Matthew Green, and Aviel D. Rubin. Zerocoin: Anonymous distributed e-cash from bitcoin. In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pages 397–411, 2013. [12] S. Nakamoto. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/ bitcoin.pdf, 2008. [13] Shen Noether. Ring signature confidential transactions for monero. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2015/1098, 2015. https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098. [14] Shen Noether, Adam Mackenzie, et al. Ring confidential transactions. Ledger, 1:1– 18, 2016. [15] Yang Zhao, Jun Zhao, Linshan Jiang, Rui Tan, Dusit Niyato, Zengxiang Li, Lingjuan Lyu, and Yingbo Liu. Privacy-preserving blockchain-based federated learning for iot devices. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(3):1817–1829, 2020. |
| Description | 碩士 國立政治大學 資訊科學系 111753170 |
| 資料來源 | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111753170 |
| Type | thesis |
| dc.contributor.advisor | 左瑞麟 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Tso, Ray-Lin | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 山本遙人 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Haruto Yamamoto | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 山本遙人 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Yamamoto, Haruto | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2024 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 4-Sep-2024 15:01:46 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 4-Sep-2024 15:01:46 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 4-Sep-2024 15:01:46 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0111753170 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/153389 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 資訊科學系 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 111753170 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 區塊鏈是一種具有透明性的分散式帳本技術，並且其市場正在快速發展，但缺乏隱私性被指出是一個嚴重問題。區塊鏈的隱私保護機實現了對使用者在區塊鏈系統中的隱私保護，例如Monero、Zcash以及Blockmaze。Blockmaze是一種。它還通過zk-SNARKs實現了發送方和接收方之間的不可鏈接性以及交易金額和用戶餘額的匿名性。本研究聚焦於基於賬戶模型區塊鏈的隱私保護機制，如Blockmaze。Blockmaze採用了zk-SNARK來增強隱私保護能力，這與基於UTXO模型的Zcash在以太坊系統中的應用相同，然而，BlockMaze在存儲和計算成本上比以太坊更昂貴。本文提出了一種改良的BlockMaze方案，以在保持相同安全水平的情況下節省這些成本。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology with transparency and developing rapidly the market of Blockchain is getting huge, but the lack of privacy is pointed out as a serious problem. Privacy-preserving blockchains achieve privacy protection for users in blockchain systems such as Monero, Zcash, and Blockmaze which is an account-based blockchain that also achieves Unlinkability between a sender and a receiver and anonymity of transaction amount and balance of users with zk-SNARKs. The research focuses on account-based privacy-preserving blockchains such as Blockmaze. Blockmaze adapted zk-SNARK to enhance privacy level based on the Ethereum system same as Zcash in the UTXO model, however, the cost of storage and computation in BlockMaze is much more expensive rather than Ethereum. This paper suggests an Updated BlockMaze scheme to save these costs with the same security level. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Acknowledgements i 摘要 ii Abstract iii Contents iv List of Figures vi List of Tables vii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Motivation 3 1.3 Problems and Objective 4 1.4 Contribution of this Thesis 4 1.5 Organization of this Thesis 5 2 Related Work 6 3 Preliminaries 9 3.1 Encryption 9 3.2 zk-SNARK 10 3.3 Blockchain System Model 13 4 Account-based privacy blockchain 16 4.1 BlockMaze(BM) algorithms 17 4.2 Security of BlockMaze(BM) 25 5 Main Algorithms 29 5.1 Updated BM Scheme 29 5.2 Security Proof for Updated BM scheme 37 5.3 Flexibility of Updated BM comparing with original BM 39 6 Implementation and Performance Evaluation 41 6.1 Uses Cases 44 7 Conclusion and future works 46 7.1 Conclusion 46 7.2 Future Works 46 References 48 | zh_TW |
| dc.format.extent | 951166 bytes | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111753170 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 區塊鏈 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 隱私保護 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 零知識證明 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Blockchain | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | zk-SNARK | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Privacy-Preserving Blockchain | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 基於賬戶模型區塊鏈的隱私保護機制之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | A Study on Privacy-preserving Schemes over Account Model Blockchain | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en_US |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [1] Zijian Bao, Debiao He, Wei Wei, Cong Peng, and Xinyi Huang. Ledgermaze: An efficient privacy-preserving noninteractive zero-knowledge scheme over account-model blockchain. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 72(12):3489–3502, 2023. [2] Eli Ben Sasson, Alessandro Chiesa, Christina Garman, Matthew Green, Ian Miers, Eran Tromer, and Madars Virza. Zerocash: Decentralized anonymous payments from bitcoin. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pages 459–474, 2014. [3] Eli Ben-Sasson, Alessandro Chiesa, Michael Riabzev, Nicholas Spooner, Madars Virza, and Nicholas P Ward. Aurora: Transparent succinct arguments for r1cs. In Advances in Cryptology–EUROCRYPT 2019: 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Darmstadt, Germany, May 19–23, 2019, Proceedings, Part I 38, pages 103–128. Springer, 2019. [4] Lars Brünjes and Murdoch J Gabbay. Utxovs account-based smart contract blockchain programming paradigms. In Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Applications: 9th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, ISoLA 2020, Rhodes, Greece, October 20–30, 2020, Proceedings, Part III 9, pages 73–88. Springer, 2020. [5] Benedikt Bünz, Shashank Agrawal, Mahdi Zamani, and Dan Boneh. Zether: Towards privacy in a smart contract world. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 24th International Conference, FC 2020 , Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, February 10–14, 2020 Revised Selected Papers, page 423–443, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2020. Springer-Verlag. [6] Vitalik Buterin. A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper, 2014. [7] Prastudy Fauzi, Sarah Meiklejohn, Rebekah Mercer, and Claudio Orlandi. Quisquis: A new design for anonymous cryptocurrencies. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2018/990, 2018. https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/990. [8] Lorenzo Grassi, Dmitry Khovratovich, Christian Rechberger, Arnab Roy, and Markus Schofnegger. Poseidon: A new hash function for {Zero-Knowledge} proof systems. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21), pages 519– 535, 2021. [9] Jens Groth. On the size of pairing-based non-interactive arguments. In Advances in Cryptology–EUROCRYPT 2016: 35th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Vienna, Austria, May 8-12, 2016, Proceedings, Part II 35, pages 305–326. Springer, 2016. [10] Zhangshuang Guan, Zhiguo Wan, Yang Yang, Yan Zhou, and Butian Huang. Blockmaze: An efficient privacy-preserving account-model blockchain based on zk-snarks. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 19(3):1446– 1463, 2022. [11] Ian Miers, Christina Garman, Matthew Green, and Aviel D. Rubin. Zerocoin: Anonymous distributed e-cash from bitcoin. In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pages 397–411, 2013. [12] S. Nakamoto. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/ bitcoin.pdf, 2008. [13] Shen Noether. Ring signature confidential transactions for monero. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2015/1098, 2015. https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098. [14] Shen Noether, Adam Mackenzie, et al. Ring confidential transactions. Ledger, 1:1– 18, 2016. [15] Yang Zhao, Jun Zhao, Linshan Jiang, Rui Tan, Dusit Niyato, Zengxiang Li, Lingjuan Lyu, and Yingbo Liu. Privacy-preserving blockchain-based federated learning for iot devices. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(3):1817–1829, 2020. | zh_TW |