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題名 媒體敘事探查：貝里斯線上新聞犯罪報導之批判分析
Investigating Media Narratives: A Critical Analysis of Online News’ Reporting of Crime in Belize作者 孟凱玲
Montejo, Katelyn Monica貢獻者 王淑美
Wang, Sumei
孟凱玲
Katelyn Monica Montejo關鍵詞 貝里斯
媒體報導
犯罪報導
媒體煽情主義
犯罪汙名化
Belize
Media Portrayal
Crime Reporting
Media Sensationalism
Crime Stigmatization日期 2024 上傳時間 4-Sep-2024 16:02:58 (UTC+8) 摘要 媒體對犯罪的報導對社會認知有著重大影響，並影響政策反應。本研究批判性地探討了媒體的報導如何影響貝里斯區域內公眾對犯罪和暴力的看法。研究借鑒了議程設定理論和框架理論，採用了包括內容分析、論述分析和半結構式訪談的主題分析在內的混合方法，對貝里斯三大媒體機構在一年內的犯罪報導進行了檢視。研究結果顯示，某些媒體存在普遍的煽情主義傾向，這可能加劇公眾的恐懼並汙名化特定社區。相比之下，更加平衡的報導則促進了對犯罪社會決定因素的同理心和更深層的理解。本研究強調了在培養知情的公共話語中，倫理新聞學的重要性，並提供了可影響媒體培訓和政策制定的寶貴見解。鼓勵未來的研究進一步探討這些媒體報導對公眾行為和政策制定的直接影響。
Crime reporting in media significantly shapes societal perceptions and influences policy responses. This study critically explores how media portrayals impact public perceptions of crime and violence in the Belize District. Drawing on Agenda-Setting and Framing Theories, the research employs a mixed-methods approach—including content analysis, discourse analysis, and thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews—to examine crime coverage across three major Belizean media outlets over one year. The findings indicate a prevalent use of sensationalism in certain outlets, which can exacerbate public fear and stigmatize specific communities. Conversely, more balanced reporting fosters empathy and a deeper understanding of the social determinants of crime. The study underscores the importance of ethical journalism in cultivating an informed public discourse and provides valuable insights that could shape media training and policy development. Future research is encouraged to investigate the direct effects of these media portrayals on public behavior and policy-making.參考文獻 Almond, T. (2021). How Does Nature vs. Nurture Impact the Outcome of Violence in Children. Nebraska College Preparatory Academy Senior Capstone Projects. Altheide, D. (2003). Mass media, crime, and the discourse of fear. The Hedgehog Review. Retrieved from https://hedgehogreview.com/issues/fear-itself/articles/mass-media-crime-and-the-discourse- of-fear Baird, A. (2019). “Man a kill a man for nutin”: Gang Transnationalism, masculinities, and violence in Belize City. Men and Masculinities, 24(3), 411–431. [DOI: 10.1177/1097184x19872787] Baranauskas, A. J. (2020). War zones and depraved violence: Exploring the framing of urban neighborhoods in news reports of violent crime. Criminal Justice Review, 45(4), 393–412. [DOI: 10.1177/0734016820915638] Becker, L. B., & Vlad, T. (2009). News Organization and Routines. In The Handbook of Journalism Studies (1st ed., pp. 59–76). Routledge. Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Anchor Books. Blumer, H. (1986). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. University of California Press. Broersma, M. J. (2007). Form, Style and Journalistic Strategies. An Introduction. In Form and Style in Journalism. European Newspapers and the Representation of News 1880-2005 (pp. ix - xxix). Peeters. Cain-Arzu, D. L. P. (2016). Sensationalism in Newspapers: A Look at The Reporter and Amandala in Belize 2010–2014 (Thesis). Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://repository.rit.edu/theses/8992 Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belize/#people-and-society Chanona, J. (2013). Media and the Belizean Society. Caribbean Quarterly, 59(3/4), 148–156. [DOI: 10.1080/00086495.2013.12015382] Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage Publications. Douglas, D. A. (2017). Framing Gun Violence: Agenda-Setting on NBC's Meet the Press. Masters Theses, 2722. Ettema, J. S., & Glasser, T. L. (1988). Narrative form and moral force: The realization of innocence and guilt through investigative journalism. Journal of Communication, 38(3), 8–26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1988.tb02057.x] Fierheller, J. W. (1979). APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF URBAN CRIME: A REVIEW ARTICLE. Urban History Review / Revue d’histoire Urbaine, 8(2), 104–112. Focás, B. (2019). Work routines of crime reporters on Argentinian television (2011-2015). Comunicación y Sociedad, 16(Guadalajara), 30-Nov-2019. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v2019i0.6822 Gayle, H., Hampton, V., & Mortis, N. (2016). Like Bush fire: Male social participation and violence in urban Belize. Cubola Productions. Greer, C. (2013). Crime and Media: Understanding the Connections. In Criminology (3rd ed., pp. 25). Oxford University Press. Glaeser, E. L., & Sacerdote, B. (1999). Why is There More Crime in Cities? Journal of Political Economy, 107(S6), S225–S258. [DOI: 10.1086/250109] Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harper & Row. Gomes, S., Sardá, T., & Granja, R. (2022). Crime, Justice and media: Debating (mis)representations and renewed challenges. Comunicação e Sociedade, 42, 7–24. [DOI: 10.17231/comsoc.42(2022).4467] Hall, S. (1980). Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. In Broadcasting: Code, Representation and Ideology (pp. 128-138). Han Er, H. (2014). Media construction of crime. Daily Sabah. Retrieved from http://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/2014/09/06/media-construction-of-crime Huhn, S., Oettler, A., & Peetz, P. (2006). Exploding crime? Topic Management in Central American Newspapers. SSRN Electronic Journal. [DOI: 10.2139] Kay, L., Reilly, R. C., Amend, E., & Kyle, T. (2010). Between a rock and a hard place: The challenges of reporting about trauma and the value of reflective practice for journalists. Journalism Studies, 12(4), 440–455. [DOI: 10.1080/1461670x.2010.506054] Krause, K. (2014). Supporting the Iron Fist: The News Media and Public Attitudes Towards Crime in Latin America(dissertation). Supporting the iron fist: the news media and public attitudes towards crime in Latin America. ProQuest LLC, Indiana. Lugo-Ocando, J., & Faria Brandão, R. (2015). Stabbing News: Articulating Crime Statistics in the Newsroom. Journalism Practice, 10(6), 715–729. [DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2015.1058179] Mareri, L. A., Bosire, J., Kweya, D., & Mose, G. (2018). Priming and Framing Televised Crime News Determine Audience Perceptions of Crime: A Case of Nakuru Town Residents. Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(5), 18–28. Matthews, J. (2014). Competing constructions: A mixed methods investigation of the popular and media framing of the Antigua crime story (dissertation). Competing constructions: a mixed methods investigation of the popular and media framing of the Antigua crime story. McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (Eds.). (1997). Agenda-Setting: Readings on Media, Public Opinion, and Policymaking (2nd ed.). Routledge. Murder rate by country 2023. Wisevoter. (2023, June 15). https://wisevoter.com/country- rankings/murder-rate-by-country/ O'Hear, M. (2020). Violent Crime And Media Coverage In One City: A Statistical Snapshot. Marquette Law Review, 103, 1007. Pollak, Jessica & Kubrin, Charis. (2007). Crime in the News: How Crimes, Offenders and Victims are Portrayed in the Media. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 14. Reiner, R. (2007). Media made criminality: The Representation of Crime in the Mass Media. In The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (4th ed., pp. 367–410). Oxford University Press. Reis, A. G. (2023). New routines in making the local news: How fear and distancing change the coverage of violence in Brazil. Journalism and Media, 4(2), 564–575. [DOI: 10.3390/journalmedia4020035] Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (2000). Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism. Routledge. Storr, J. (2014). Research from the Caribbean. Caribbean Death Penalty Research. https://caribbeandeathpenaltyresearch.wordpress.com/research-from-the-caribbean/ UNICEF Belize. (n.d.). Adolescent development and participation. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/belize/adolescent-development-and-participation Williams, P., & Dickinson, J. (1993). Fear of Crime: Read All About it? The Relationship between Newspaper Crime Reporting and Fear of Crime. The British Journal of Criminology, 33(1), 33– 56. [DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048053] 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
111461026資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111461026 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王淑美 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Sumei en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 孟凱玲 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Katelyn Monica Montejo en_US dc.creator (作者) 孟凱玲 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Montejo, Katelyn Monica en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Sep-2024 16:02:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Sep-2024 16:02:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Sep-2024 16:02:58 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111461026 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/153551 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111461026 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 媒體對犯罪的報導對社會認知有著重大影響，並影響政策反應。本研究批判性地探討了媒體的報導如何影響貝里斯區域內公眾對犯罪和暴力的看法。研究借鑒了議程設定理論和框架理論，採用了包括內容分析、論述分析和半結構式訪談的主題分析在內的混合方法，對貝里斯三大媒體機構在一年內的犯罪報導進行了檢視。研究結果顯示，某些媒體存在普遍的煽情主義傾向，這可能加劇公眾的恐懼並汙名化特定社區。相比之下，更加平衡的報導則促進了對犯罪社會決定因素的同理心和更深層的理解。本研究強調了在培養知情的公共話語中，倫理新聞學的重要性，並提供了可影響媒體培訓和政策制定的寶貴見解。鼓勵未來的研究進一步探討這些媒體報導對公眾行為和政策制定的直接影響。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Crime reporting in media significantly shapes societal perceptions and influences policy responses. This study critically explores how media portrayals impact public perceptions of crime and violence in the Belize District. Drawing on Agenda-Setting and Framing Theories, the research employs a mixed-methods approach—including content analysis, discourse analysis, and thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews—to examine crime coverage across three major Belizean media outlets over one year. The findings indicate a prevalent use of sensationalism in certain outlets, which can exacerbate public fear and stigmatize specific communities. Conversely, more balanced reporting fosters empathy and a deeper understanding of the social determinants of crime. The study underscores the importance of ethical journalism in cultivating an informed public discourse and provides valuable insights that could shape media training and policy development. Future research is encouraged to investigate the direct effects of these media portrayals on public behavior and policy-making. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents Acknowledgment……………………………………………………………………i Abstract……………………………………………………………………...……. iii Table of Contents…………………………………………………...………………………….v List of Figures…………………………………………………………...……..……………..vii List of Tables…………………………………………………...…………..………..………..viii Chapter 1………………………………………………….………………………….………….1 Introduction…………………………………………...……………………………..………….1 1.1 Background and Context………………………………………………………………2 1.2 Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………...6 1.3 Objective of the Study……………………………………...……………..….……….7 Chapter 2………………………………………………………………………………………...9 Literature Review……………………………………………………………………………...9 2.1 Agenda Setting & Framing: Media Representation of Crime and its Social Influence…………………………………………………………………………..……..10 2.1.1 Media Representation of Crime……………………………………….…...10 2.1.2 The Social Influence of Media………………………………….…………11 2.2 Unveiling Reporting Routines in Newsrooms………………...13 2.2.1 Historical and Conceptual Foundations……..….……….…13 2.2.2 Dynamics and Challenges in Modern Newsrooms………….13 2.2.3 Ethical Considerations and the Path Forward…………….14 2.3 The Complexities of Crimes: Deconstructing the Realities in the News…......…14 2.3.1 Urban Crime Dynamics and the Social Fabric…………….14 2.3.2 Urbanization and Crime Reporting in Belize…………………15 2.3.3 Journalistic Practices in the Construction of Crime Narratives………………………………………….…..16 2.4 Media Representations in the Caribbean and Central America….17 Chapter 3……………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………..20 3.1 Research Goals and Objectives………...………………………….…………………20 3.2 Overview of Literature……………………………………………………………….20 3.3 Research Method……………………………………………………..……………...22 3.4 Data Collection…………………………………………………..…………………..23 3.4.1 Data Source………………………………………...………………………23 3.4.2 Sample……………………………………….…………………………….24 3.4.3 Interview Procedures…………………………...………………………….26 3.5 Data Analysis…………………………………………..…………………………….26 3.6 Ethical Considerations…………………………...…………………………………..30 Chapter 4……………………………………………….………………………………………31 Findings…………………………………………….…………………………….…………….31 4.1 Content Analysis of Crime Reporting in Belize……………31 4.1.1 Results from Content Analysis………………….…….……….………..…31 4.1.2 Discussion of Results………………………………………………………32 4.2 Discourse Analysis of News Reports………..………..48 4.2.1 Introduction and Summary of the Event……….……….…48 4.2.2 Results from Discourse Analysis……………….….…...…….49 4.2.3 Discussion of Results………………………………………………………52 4.3 A Thematic Analysis of Crime Reporting Practices in Belize………………………62 4.3.1 Results from Semi-Structured Interviews…………….62 4.3.2 Discussion of Results……………………………………...……………….65 Chapter 5………………………………………………………….……………………………67 Conclusion………………….………………………………………………………………….67 5.1 Summary of Findings, Discussions, and reflections…….……….………...………...67 5.2 Contributions of the Study…………………………………………………69 5.3 Limitations and Future Research……..………………….….70 References………………………………………………………….…….…………………….72 Appendices…….……………………………………..…………………………….…………...76 zh_TW dc.format.extent 19222565 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111461026 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貝里斯 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 媒體報導 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 犯罪報導 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 媒體煽情主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 犯罪汙名化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Belize en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Media Portrayal en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Crime Reporting en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Media Sensationalism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Crime Stigmatization en_US dc.title (題名) 媒體敘事探查：貝里斯線上新聞犯罪報導之批判分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Investigating Media Narratives: A Critical Analysis of Online News’ Reporting of Crime in Belize en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Almond, T. (2021). How Does Nature vs. Nurture Impact the Outcome of Violence in Children. Nebraska College Preparatory Academy Senior Capstone Projects. Altheide, D. (2003). Mass media, crime, and the discourse of fear. The Hedgehog Review. Retrieved from https://hedgehogreview.com/issues/fear-itself/articles/mass-media-crime-and-the-discourse- of-fear Baird, A. (2019). “Man a kill a man for nutin”: Gang Transnationalism, masculinities, and violence in Belize City. Men and Masculinities, 24(3), 411–431. [DOI: 10.1177/1097184x19872787] Baranauskas, A. J. (2020). War zones and depraved violence: Exploring the framing of urban neighborhoods in news reports of violent crime. Criminal Justice Review, 45(4), 393–412. [DOI: 10.1177/0734016820915638] Becker, L. B., & Vlad, T. (2009). News Organization and Routines. In The Handbook of Journalism Studies (1st ed., pp. 59–76). Routledge. Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Anchor Books. Blumer, H. (1986). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. University of California Press. Broersma, M. J. (2007). Form, Style and Journalistic Strategies. An Introduction. In Form and Style in Journalism. European Newspapers and the Representation of News 1880-2005 (pp. ix - xxix). Peeters. Cain-Arzu, D. L. P. (2016). Sensationalism in Newspapers: A Look at The Reporter and Amandala in Belize 2010–2014 (Thesis). Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://repository.rit.edu/theses/8992 Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belize/#people-and-society Chanona, J. (2013). Media and the Belizean Society. Caribbean Quarterly, 59(3/4), 148–156. [DOI: 10.1080/00086495.2013.12015382] Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage Publications. Douglas, D. A. (2017). Framing Gun Violence: Agenda-Setting on NBC's Meet the Press. Masters Theses, 2722. Ettema, J. S., & Glasser, T. L. (1988). Narrative form and moral force: The realization of innocence and guilt through investigative journalism. Journal of Communication, 38(3), 8–26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1988.tb02057.x] Fierheller, J. W. (1979). APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF URBAN CRIME: A REVIEW ARTICLE. Urban History Review / Revue d’histoire Urbaine, 8(2), 104–112. Focás, B. (2019). Work routines of crime reporters on Argentinian television (2011-2015). Comunicación y Sociedad, 16(Guadalajara), 30-Nov-2019. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v2019i0.6822 Gayle, H., Hampton, V., & Mortis, N. (2016). Like Bush fire: Male social participation and violence in urban Belize. Cubola Productions. Greer, C. (2013). Crime and Media: Understanding the Connections. In Criminology (3rd ed., pp. 25). Oxford University Press. Glaeser, E. L., & Sacerdote, B. (1999). Why is There More Crime in Cities? Journal of Political Economy, 107(S6), S225–S258. [DOI: 10.1086/250109] Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harper & Row. Gomes, S., Sardá, T., & Granja, R. (2022). Crime, Justice and media: Debating (mis)representations and renewed challenges. Comunicação e Sociedade, 42, 7–24. [DOI: 10.17231/comsoc.42(2022).4467] Hall, S. (1980). Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. In Broadcasting: Code, Representation and Ideology (pp. 128-138). Han Er, H. (2014). Media construction of crime. Daily Sabah. Retrieved from http://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/2014/09/06/media-construction-of-crime Huhn, S., Oettler, A., & Peetz, P. (2006). Exploding crime? Topic Management in Central American Newspapers. SSRN Electronic Journal. [DOI: 10.2139] Kay, L., Reilly, R. C., Amend, E., & Kyle, T. (2010). Between a rock and a hard place: The challenges of reporting about trauma and the value of reflective practice for journalists. Journalism Studies, 12(4), 440–455. [DOI: 10.1080/1461670x.2010.506054] Krause, K. (2014). Supporting the Iron Fist: The News Media and Public Attitudes Towards Crime in Latin America(dissertation). Supporting the iron fist: the news media and public attitudes towards crime in Latin America. ProQuest LLC, Indiana. Lugo-Ocando, J., & Faria Brandão, R. (2015). Stabbing News: Articulating Crime Statistics in the Newsroom. Journalism Practice, 10(6), 715–729. [DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2015.1058179] Mareri, L. A., Bosire, J., Kweya, D., & Mose, G. (2018). Priming and Framing Televised Crime News Determine Audience Perceptions of Crime: A Case of Nakuru Town Residents. Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(5), 18–28. Matthews, J. (2014). Competing constructions: A mixed methods investigation of the popular and media framing of the Antigua crime story (dissertation). Competing constructions: a mixed methods investigation of the popular and media framing of the Antigua crime story. McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (Eds.). (1997). Agenda-Setting: Readings on Media, Public Opinion, and Policymaking (2nd ed.). Routledge. Murder rate by country 2023. Wisevoter. (2023, June 15). https://wisevoter.com/country- rankings/murder-rate-by-country/ O'Hear, M. (2020). Violent Crime And Media Coverage In One City: A Statistical Snapshot. Marquette Law Review, 103, 1007. Pollak, Jessica & Kubrin, Charis. (2007). Crime in the News: How Crimes, Offenders and Victims are Portrayed in the Media. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 14. Reiner, R. (2007). Media made criminality: The Representation of Crime in the Mass Media. In The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (4th ed., pp. 367–410). Oxford University Press. Reis, A. G. (2023). New routines in making the local news: How fear and distancing change the coverage of violence in Brazil. Journalism and Media, 4(2), 564–575. [DOI: 10.3390/journalmedia4020035] Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (2000). Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism. Routledge. Storr, J. (2014). Research from the Caribbean. Caribbean Death Penalty Research. https://caribbeandeathpenaltyresearch.wordpress.com/research-from-the-caribbean/ UNICEF Belize. (n.d.). Adolescent development and participation. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/belize/adolescent-development-and-participation Williams, P., & Dickinson, J. (1993). Fear of Crime: Read All About it? The Relationship between Newspaper Crime Reporting and Fear of Crime. The British Journal of Criminology, 33(1), 33– 56. [DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048053] zh_TW
