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題名 中國以外的台灣樣貌:美國菁英媒體的混合研究(2014-2023)
The Image of Taiwan Beyond China: A Mixed-Method Study of American Elite Media (2014-2023)作者 李佳衡
Lee, Chia-Heng貢獻者 卞中佩
Pien, Chung-Pei
李佳衡
Lee, Chia-Heng關鍵詞 台灣
國家形象
美國菁英報
紐約時報
華爾街日報
駐地記者
Chatgpt
OpenAI
Finetuning
Taiwan
National Image
American Elite Media
New York Times
The Wall Street Journal
Correspondent
Chatgpt
OpenAI
Finetuning日期 2024 上傳時間 1-Nov-2024 11:03:12 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究探討2014年至2023年間,美國菁英媒體如何呈現台灣的形象,採用混合研究方法,結合量化數據分析和質性訪談。研究對象聚焦在《紐約時報》和《華爾街日報》的這十年間的所有報導,並以大語言模型中的ChatGPT 3.5-4.0技術進行文本分類,將所有台灣相關報導分成「與中國統一相關」以及「與中國統一無關」兩大類,分析兩種類別在這十年間的此消彼長。質性部分則藉由對駐台記者的深度訪談,討論涉台報導的產出過程,以及記者和編輯室間的交互關係。 研究結果顯示,近年美國對台的報導主要集中在中國統一相關主題上,而非中國相關議題則以商業新聞為主。此外,台灣籍駐台記者需考量美國受眾的興趣和偏好,容易順從美國公司的編輯室控制,而外籍駐台記者則更能以外國人的角度說服編輯「地方事務」的重要性,這導致「外國記者比台灣記者產出更多非中國報導」的結果。 總結來說,本研究描繪了這十年間美國精英媒體下的台灣報導形象,同時揭示了其背後的塑造過程,強調了人力資源在國際新聞報導中的關鍵影響。
This study explores how American elite media have portrayed Taiwan’s image from 2014 to 2023, using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative data analysis and qualitative interviews. I focus on all reports from “The New York Times” and “The Wall Street Journal” over these ten years. Using OpenAI’s GPT technology for text classification, Taiwan-related reports were categorized into two major groups: “related to China’s unification” and “unrelated to China’s unification.” I analyze the trends and shifts between these two categories over the decade. The qualitative component involves in-depth interviews with correspondents based in Taiwan to discuss the production process of Taiwan-related reports and the interactions between journalists and editorial offices. The results indicate that recent American reports on Taiwan have primarily concentrated on topics related to China’s unification, while non-China-related topics are mostly business news. Additionally, Taiwanese correspondents tend to cater to the interests and preferences of American audiences, often complying with the editorial control of American companies. In contrast, foreign correspondents based in Taiwan are more effective in convincing editors of the importance of “local affairs” from a foreign perspective. This results in “foreign correspondents producing more non-China-related reports than Taiwanese journalists.” In summary, this study outlines the portrayal of Taiwan in American elite media over the past decade, reveals the processes behind this portrayal, and emphasizes the critical influence of human resources in international news reporting.參考文獻 Bantz, C. R. (1985). News organizations. Conflict as a crafted cultural norm. Communication, 8, 225–244. BBC News. (2022). Taiwan tensions: US accuses China of 'overreaction' to Pelosi visit. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62419855 Breed, W. (1955). Social control in the newsroom: A functional analysis. Social Forces. 33(4), 326-335. Breed, W. (1955). Social Control in the Newsroom: A Functional Analysis. Social Forces, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 326-335 Chinoy, M. (2023). Assignment China: An Oral History of American Journalists in the People’s Republic. New York, Columbia University Press. Choi, J. (2009). Diversity in foreign news in US newspapers before and after the invasion of Iraq. The international Communication Gazette, 71(6), 525-542. Denham, B. E. (2014). Intermedia attribute agenda setting in the New York Times: The case of animal abuse in U.S. horse racing. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 91(1), 17-37. Douai, A., & Wu, T. (2014). News as Business: The Global Financial Crisis and Occupy Movement in the Wall Street Journal. Journal of International Communication, 20(2), 148–167. Fenby, J. (1986). The international news services. New York: Schocken Books. Gans, H. (1980). Deciding What’s News. New York: Vintage Books. Gerbner, G & Marvanyi, G. (1977). 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(2009). The international protection of journalists in armed conflict and other violent situations. Australian Journal of Human Rights. 14(1), 99-140. Schulte, W. (2013), Newsroom Resistance: An Ethnographic Study of the Modern News Worker, Policies, and Organizational Dissatisfaction. The IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication and Film, 2(1), 129-144. Sivek, S. C. (2010). Social Media Under Social Control: Regulating Social Media and the Future of Socialization. Electronic News, 4(3), 146-164. Skovsgaard, M. (2014). Watchdogs on a leash? The impact of organisational constraints on journalists’ perceived professional autonomy and their relationship with superiors. Journalism, 15(3), 344 –363. Soloski, J. (1989). News reporting and professionalism: Some constraints on the reporting of the news. Media, Culture and Society 11, 207–228. Suman, L. (2005). Long-Term Trends in China-Taiwan Relations: Implications for U.S. Taiwan Policy. Asian Survey, 45(6), 970-991. 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國立政治大學
全球傳播與創新科技碩士學位學程
111ZM1012資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZM1012 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 卞中佩 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Pien, Chung-Pei en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李佳衡 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Chia-Heng en_US dc.creator (作者) 李佳衡 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lee, Chia-Heng en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Nov-2024 11:03:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Nov-2024 11:03:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Nov-2024 11:03:12 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111ZM1012 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/154200 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 全球傳播與創新科技碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111ZM1012 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究探討2014年至2023年間,美國菁英媒體如何呈現台灣的形象,採用混合研究方法,結合量化數據分析和質性訪談。研究對象聚焦在《紐約時報》和《華爾街日報》的這十年間的所有報導,並以大語言模型中的ChatGPT 3.5-4.0技術進行文本分類,將所有台灣相關報導分成「與中國統一相關」以及「與中國統一無關」兩大類,分析兩種類別在這十年間的此消彼長。質性部分則藉由對駐台記者的深度訪談,討論涉台報導的產出過程,以及記者和編輯室間的交互關係。 研究結果顯示,近年美國對台的報導主要集中在中國統一相關主題上,而非中國相關議題則以商業新聞為主。此外,台灣籍駐台記者需考量美國受眾的興趣和偏好,容易順從美國公司的編輯室控制,而外籍駐台記者則更能以外國人的角度說服編輯「地方事務」的重要性,這導致「外國記者比台灣記者產出更多非中國報導」的結果。 總結來說,本研究描繪了這十年間美國精英媒體下的台灣報導形象,同時揭示了其背後的塑造過程,強調了人力資源在國際新聞報導中的關鍵影響。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study explores how American elite media have portrayed Taiwan’s image from 2014 to 2023, using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative data analysis and qualitative interviews. I focus on all reports from “The New York Times” and “The Wall Street Journal” over these ten years. Using OpenAI’s GPT technology for text classification, Taiwan-related reports were categorized into two major groups: “related to China’s unification” and “unrelated to China’s unification.” I analyze the trends and shifts between these two categories over the decade. The qualitative component involves in-depth interviews with correspondents based in Taiwan to discuss the production process of Taiwan-related reports and the interactions between journalists and editorial offices. The results indicate that recent American reports on Taiwan have primarily concentrated on topics related to China’s unification, while non-China-related topics are mostly business news. Additionally, Taiwanese correspondents tend to cater to the interests and preferences of American audiences, often complying with the editorial control of American companies. In contrast, foreign correspondents based in Taiwan are more effective in convincing editors of the importance of “local affairs” from a foreign perspective. This results in “foreign correspondents producing more non-China-related reports than Taiwanese journalists.” In summary, this study outlines the portrayal of Taiwan in American elite media over the past decade, reveals the processes behind this portrayal, and emphasizes the critical influence of human resources in international news reporting. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1: Introduction 5 1.1 Research background 5 1.2 Research Objective 6 1.3 Research Question 8 Chapter 2: Literature Review 11 2.1 Bias and Standpoints in Western International News 11 2.2 The Image of Taiwan in American Media 13 2.3 Organizational Control in the News Production Process 15 2.4 Brief Summary 17 Chapter 3: Data Preparation 18 3.1 News Source Selection 18 3.2 Data Collection Process 19 Chapter 4: Text Classification and Analysis Methods 21 4.1 Tool Selection for Text Classification 21 4.2 Use gpt-4-turbo to Classify Raw Data 22 4.3 Model Optimization by Fine-tuning 25 4.4 Data Classification Results 27 4.5 Analysis Methods 28 Chapter 5: Finding Results 29 5.1 Proportion of Taiwan - China Reports 29 5.2 Taiwanese Reports’ Topics 33 5.3 Factors Influence Taiwanese Reports 36 5.4 Brief Summary 39 Chapter 6: Qualitative Research Results 40 6.1 Interview Subjects 40 6.2 Interview Content Analysis 41 6.3 Brief Summary 46 Chapter 7: Conclusions 48 References 51 Appendix 58 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2312219 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZM1012 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家形象 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國菁英報 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 紐約時報 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 華爾街日報 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 駐地記者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chatgpt zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) OpenAI zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Finetuning zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) National Image en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) American Elite Media en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) New York Times en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Wall Street Journal en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Correspondent en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chatgpt en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) OpenAI en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Finetuning en_US dc.title (題名) 中國以外的台灣樣貌:美國菁英媒體的混合研究(2014-2023) zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Image of Taiwan Beyond China: A Mixed-Method Study of American Elite Media (2014-2023) en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bantz, C. 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