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題名 AI寫作工具應用於社群行銷內容對消費者行為之影響
The Impact of AI Writing Tools Applied to Social Media Marketing Content on Consumer Behavior作者 韋馨媛
Wei, Xin-Yuan貢獻者 邱志聖
韋馨媛
Wei, Xin-Yuan關鍵詞 ChatGPT
AI
社群行銷
產品評價
產品喜好度
興趣
ChatGPT
AI
social media marketing
product evaluation
product likability
interest日期 2024 上傳時間 3-Mar-2025 14:27:04 (UTC+8) 摘要 近年來，隨著人工智慧（AI）工具的蓬勃發展，不僅個人開始將AI工具（例如ChatGPT）作為個人助理使用，越來越多企業也將AI技術融入其業務流程中。在這些應用中，以行銷領域最為普遍。因此，本研究專注於探討社群行銷內容，了解人類與AI工具所撰寫的社群文案對消費者的影響及AI寫作工具在行銷不同類型產品時的適用時機。 本研究透過人類與 AI 工具（ChatGPT 及專以行銷寫作目的為主的 Rytr）分別針對科技產品及快速消費品撰寫社群文案。研究採用了3（ChatGPT、Rytr、人類）× 2（科技產品、快速消費品）的實驗設計，旨在探討不同的文案生成方式應用於不同類型產品的社群行銷文案時，對消費者的產品評價、喜好程度、興趣和信任程度的影響。 針對人類與AI工具所撰寫的社群文案對消費者的影響，研究結果顯示在產品評價、喜好程度、興趣和信任程度上，人類與AI工具所生成的社群文案沒有顯著差異。而AI寫作工具在行銷不同類型產品時的適用時機，研究結果則得出相較於科技產品文案，Rytr應用於消費品社群文案上能更有效提升消費者對產品的評價、喜好程度和興趣；ChatGPT僅在興趣構面上，在消費品社群文案中有顯著影響；至於信任程度，兩種AI工具在不同類型產品上的應用沒有顯著差異。
In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, not only have individuals begun to use AI tools (such as ChatGPT) as personal assistants, but more and more businesses are also integrating AI technology into their business processes. Among these applications, marketing is the most prevalent field. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring social media marketing content, examining the impact of social media copy written by humans and AI tools on consumers, and identifying the appropriate occasions for using AI writing tools when marketing different types of products. In this study, social media copy for technology products and fast-moving consumer goods was written by both humans and AI tools (ChatGPT and Rytr, which is specifically designed for marketing writing purposes). The research employed a 3 (ChatGPT, Rytr, human) × 2 (technology products, fast-moving consumer goods) experimental design to investigate the impact of different copywriting methods applied to different types of products on consumers' product evaluations, preferences, interest, and trust. Regarding the impact of social media copy written by humans and AI tools on consumers, the results showed no significant difference in product evaluations, preferences, interest, and trust between human-generated and AI-generated social media copy. As for the appropriate occasions for using AI writing tools when marketing different types of products, the findings revealed that compared to technology product copy, Rytr was more effective in enhancing consumers' product evaluations, preferences, and interest in social media copy for consumer goods. ChatGPT only showed a significant impact on the interest dimension in consumer goods social media copy. In terms of trust, there was no significant difference in the application of the two AI tools across different types of products.參考文獻 中文部分 1. 邱志聖 (2020)。策略行銷分析：架構與實務應用 (5版 )。台北市 智勝文化 2. ChatGPT. (2024, June 25). Retrieved from 維基百科, 自由的百科全書: https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ChatGPT&oldid=83163075 3. 吳鑫（2023）。ChatGPT是什麼？ ChatGPT 付費版與免費版差異？Retrieved from https://shinphotos.com/chatgpt-3/ 英文部分 1. Ahn, J., and Back, K.J. (2018). Influence of brand relationship on customer attitude toward integrated resort brands: a cognitive, affective, and conative perspective. Journal of Traveling &Tourism Marketing, 35(4), 449-60. 2. Ajzen, I. (2005), Attitudes, Personality and Behaviour (2nd ed.). Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. 3. Ali, Z., Shabbir, MA., Rauf, M. & Hussain, A. (2016). To Assess the Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Perception. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. 6, 69-77. 4. Alwitt, L. F. (1987). Components of the Likeability of Advertising. In Presentation to the Stellner Symposium on Uses of Cognitive Psychology in Advertising and Marketing, University of Illinois. 5. Aydin, G., Uray, N., Silahtaroglu, G. (2021). How to Engage Consumers through Effective Social Media Use—Guidelines for Consumer Goods Companies from an Emerging Market. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(4), 768-790. Behaviour. E3S Web Conf. 135 04022 (2019), 1-9. 6. Bronner, F., & de Hoog, R. (2014). Social media and consumer choice. International Journal of Market Research, 56(1), 51-71. 7. Cascella, M., Montomoli, J., Bellini, V., & Bignami, E. (2023). Evaluating the feasibility of ChatGPT in healthcare: An analysis of multiple clinical and research scenarios. Journal of Medical Systems, 47(1), 1–5. 8. ChatGPT (2024, June 26). Get answers. Find inspiration. Be more productive. Retrieved from https://openai.com/chatgpt/ 9. Chatterjee. S., and Kar. AK. (2020). Why do small and medium enterprises use social media marketing and what is the impact: Empirical insights from India. International Journal of Information Management, 2-7. 10. Chui, M., Roberts, R., & Yee, L. (2022, December 20). Generative AI is Here: How Tools Like ChatGpt Could Change Your Business. Quantum Black AI by McKinsey. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/generative-ai-is-here-how-tools-like-chatgpt-could-change-your-business#/ 11. Dunn, D.T. Jr, Friar, J.H. and Thomas, C.A. (1991). An approach to selling high‐tech solutions. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 20, 149‐59. 12. Gardner, D.M., Johnson, F., Lee, M. and Wilkinson, I. (2000). A contingency approach to marketing high technology products. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 34 No. 9/10, 1053-1077. 13. Hee, O. C. (2014). Validity and Reliability of the Customer-Oriented Behaviour Scale in the Health Tourism Hospitals in Malaysia. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 7(3), 771-775. 14. Houde, S., Liao, Q.V., Martino, J., Muller, M.J., Piorkowski, D., Richards, J.T., Weisz, J.D., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Business (mis)Use Cases of Generative AI. ArXiv, abs/2003.07679. 15. Huschens, M., Briesch, M., Sobania, D., & Rothlauf, F. (2023). Do You Trust ChatGPT? - Perceived Credibility of Human and AI-Generated Content. ArXiv, abs/2309.02524. 16. King, M.R. & chatGPT (2023). A Conversation on Artificial Intelligence, Chatbots, and Plagiarism in Higher Education. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 16, 1-2. 17. Lutz, R.J. (1985). Affective and Cognitive Antecedents of Attitude Toward the Ad : A Conceptual Framework. Psychological Processes and Advertising Effects, 45-64. 18. MacInnis, D. J., & de Mello, G. E. (2005). The Concept of Hope and its Relevance to Product Evaluation and Choice. Journal of Marketing, 69(1), 1-14. 19. Moore, O.( 2023,September 13). How Are Consumers Using Generative AI? Retrieved from https://a16z.com/how-are-consumers-using-generative-ai/ 20. Mukherjee, A., & Hoyer, W. D. (2001). The Effect of Novel Attributes on Product Evaluation. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(3), 462–472. 21. Nah, F., Zheng, R., Cai, J., Siau, K. & Chen, L. (2023). Generative AI and ChatGPT: Applications, challenges, and AI-human collaboration. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 25:3, 277-304. 22. Nesterenko, V., & Olefirenko, O. (2023). The impact of AI development on the development of marketing communications. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 1, 169-181. 23. Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. Communication and Persuasion. 24. Reysen, S. (2005). Construction of a new scale: The Reysen likeability scale. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 33 ( 2 ), 201–208. 25. Rosen, D. E., Schroeder, J. E., & Purinton, E. F. (1998). Marketing high tech products: Lessons in customer focus from the marketplace. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 6, 1-17. 26. Rossiter, J.R. & Percy, L. (1997), Advertising and Promotion Management, McGraw‐Hill, New York, NY. 27. Rudolph J., Tan, S., Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, Vol. 6 No. 1, 342-363. 28. Rytr (2023, June 19). Introducing Rytr – your AI writing assistant! Retrieved from https://rytr.me/blog/what-is-rytr/ 29. Schiefele, H., Krapp, A., Prenzel, M., Heiland, A., & Kasten, H. (1983). Principles of an educational theory of interest. Paper presented at the 7th biennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Munich. 30. Schiefele, U. (1991). Interest, Learning, and Motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26:3-4, 299-323. 31. Schivinski, B. & Dabrowski, D. (2016). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands, Journal of Marketing Communications, 22:2, 189-214. 32. Van Dis, E.A.M., Bollen, J., Zuidema, W., Van Rooij, R. and Bockting, C.L. (2023). ChatGPT: five priorities for research. Nature, Vol. 614 No. 7947, 224-226. 33. Wahid, R., Mero, J. and Ritala, P. (2023). Editorial: Written by ChatGPT, illustrated by Midjourney: generative AI for content marketing. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 35 No. 8, 1813-1822. 34. Walsh, M., & Lipinski, J. (2009). The role of the marketing function in small and medium sized enterprises. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(4), 569–585. 35. Wibowo, A., Chen, S.-C., Wiangin, U., Ma, Y., Ruangkanjanases, A.(2020). Customer Behavior as an Outcome of Social Media Marketing: The Role of Social Media Marketing Activity and Customer Experience. Sustainability 2021, 13, 189. 36. Wu, T., He, S., Liu, J., Sun, S., Liu, K., Han, Q., and Tang, Y. (2023). A Brief Overview of ChatGPT: The History, Status Quo and Potential Future Development. Journal of Automatica Sinica, vol. 10, no. 5, 1122-1136. 37. Zhang, Y., and Gosline, R. (2023). Human Favoritism, Not AI Aversion: People’s Perceptions (and Bias) Toward Generative AI, Human Experts, and Human-GAI Collaboration in Persuasive Content Generation. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=4453958 38. Ziyadin. S., Doszhan. R., Borodin. A., Omarova. A., and Ilyas. A. (2019). The role of social media marketing in consumer 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
111351021資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111351021 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 邱志聖 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 韋馨媛 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wei, Xin-Yuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 韋馨媛 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wei, Xin-Yuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Mar-2025 14:27:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Mar-2025 14:27:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Mar-2025 14:27:04 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111351021 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/155987 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111351021 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來，隨著人工智慧（AI）工具的蓬勃發展，不僅個人開始將AI工具（例如ChatGPT）作為個人助理使用，越來越多企業也將AI技術融入其業務流程中。在這些應用中，以行銷領域最為普遍。因此，本研究專注於探討社群行銷內容，了解人類與AI工具所撰寫的社群文案對消費者的影響及AI寫作工具在行銷不同類型產品時的適用時機。 本研究透過人類與 AI 工具（ChatGPT 及專以行銷寫作目的為主的 Rytr）分別針對科技產品及快速消費品撰寫社群文案。研究採用了3（ChatGPT、Rytr、人類）× 2（科技產品、快速消費品）的實驗設計，旨在探討不同的文案生成方式應用於不同類型產品的社群行銷文案時，對消費者的產品評價、喜好程度、興趣和信任程度的影響。 針對人類與AI工具所撰寫的社群文案對消費者的影響，研究結果顯示在產品評價、喜好程度、興趣和信任程度上，人類與AI工具所生成的社群文案沒有顯著差異。而AI寫作工具在行銷不同類型產品時的適用時機，研究結果則得出相較於科技產品文案，Rytr應用於消費品社群文案上能更有效提升消費者對產品的評價、喜好程度和興趣；ChatGPT僅在興趣構面上，在消費品社群文案中有顯著影響；至於信任程度，兩種AI工具在不同類型產品上的應用沒有顯著差異。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, not only have individuals begun to use AI tools (such as ChatGPT) as personal assistants, but more and more businesses are also integrating AI technology into their business processes. Among these applications, marketing is the most prevalent field. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring social media marketing content, examining the impact of social media copy written by humans and AI tools on consumers, and identifying the appropriate occasions for using AI writing tools when marketing different types of products. In this study, social media copy for technology products and fast-moving consumer goods was written by both humans and AI tools (ChatGPT and Rytr, which is specifically designed for marketing writing purposes). The research employed a 3 (ChatGPT, Rytr, human) × 2 (technology products, fast-moving consumer goods) experimental design to investigate the impact of different copywriting methods applied to different types of products on consumers' product evaluations, preferences, interest, and trust. Regarding the impact of social media copy written by humans and AI tools on consumers, the results showed no significant difference in product evaluations, preferences, interest, and trust between human-generated and AI-generated social media copy. As for the appropriate occasions for using AI writing tools when marketing different types of products, the findings revealed that compared to technology product copy, Rytr was more effective in enhancing consumers' product evaluations, preferences, and interest in social media copy for consumer goods. ChatGPT only showed a significant impact on the interest dimension in consumer goods social media copy. In terms of trust, there was no significant difference in the application of the two AI tools across different types of products. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 2 第三節 研究方法與流程 3 第二章 文獻回顧 5 第一節 AI與行銷 5 第二節 不同產品類型行銷方式 9 第三節 社群媒體行銷對消費者之影響 10 第四節 研究假設及推論 12 第三章 研究方法 15 第一節 研究架構 15 第二節 研究變數 16 第三節 實驗設計 17 第四章 研究結果 30 第一節 信度分析 30 第二節 正式問卷結果 30 第五章 結論與建議 41 第一節 研究結果與討論 41 第二節 行銷意涵與建議 42 第三節 研究限制與未來建議 44 參考文獻 46 附錄 52 前測問卷1 52 前測問卷2 56 前測問卷3 60 正式問卷1 64 正式問卷2 68 正式問卷3 72 正式問卷4 76 正式問卷5 80 正式問卷6 84 zh_TW dc.format.extent 7050201 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111351021 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) ChatGPT zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) AI zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社群行銷 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產品評價 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產品喜好度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 興趣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) ChatGPT en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) AI en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) social media marketing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) product evaluation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) product likability en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) interest en_US dc.title (題名) AI寫作工具應用於社群行銷內容對消費者行為之影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Impact of AI Writing Tools Applied to Social Media Marketing Content on Consumer Behavior en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分 1. 邱志聖 (2020)。策略行銷分析：架構與實務應用 (5版 )。台北市 智勝文化 2. ChatGPT. (2024, June 25). Retrieved from 維基百科, 自由的百科全書: https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ChatGPT&oldid=83163075 3. 吳鑫（2023）。ChatGPT是什麼？ ChatGPT 付費版與免費版差異？Retrieved from https://shinphotos.com/chatgpt-3/ 英文部分 1. Ahn, J., and Back, K.J. (2018). Influence of brand relationship on customer attitude toward integrated resort brands: a cognitive, affective, and conative perspective. Journal of Traveling &Tourism Marketing, 35(4), 449-60. 2. Ajzen, I. (2005), Attitudes, Personality and Behaviour (2nd ed.). Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. 3. Ali, Z., Shabbir, MA., Rauf, M. & Hussain, A. (2016). To Assess the Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Perception. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. 6, 69-77. 4. Alwitt, L. F. (1987). Components of the Likeability of Advertising. In Presentation to the Stellner Symposium on Uses of Cognitive Psychology in Advertising and Marketing, University of Illinois. 5. Aydin, G., Uray, N., Silahtaroglu, G. (2021). How to Engage Consumers through Effective Social Media Use—Guidelines for Consumer Goods Companies from an Emerging Market. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(4), 768-790. Behaviour. E3S Web Conf. 135 04022 (2019), 1-9. 6. Bronner, F., & de Hoog, R. (2014). Social media and consumer choice. International Journal of Market Research, 56(1), 51-71. 7. Cascella, M., Montomoli, J., Bellini, V., & Bignami, E. (2023). Evaluating the feasibility of ChatGPT in healthcare: An analysis of multiple clinical and research scenarios. Journal of Medical Systems, 47(1), 1–5. 8. ChatGPT (2024, June 26). Get answers. Find inspiration. Be more productive. Retrieved from https://openai.com/chatgpt/ 9. Chatterjee. S., and Kar. AK. (2020). Why do small and medium enterprises use social media marketing and what is the impact: Empirical insights from India. International Journal of Information Management, 2-7. 10. Chui, M., Roberts, R., & Yee, L. (2022, December 20). Generative AI is Here: How Tools Like ChatGpt Could Change Your Business. Quantum Black AI by McKinsey. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/generative-ai-is-here-how-tools-like-chatgpt-could-change-your-business#/ 11. Dunn, D.T. Jr, Friar, J.H. and Thomas, C.A. (1991). An approach to selling high‐tech solutions. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 20, 149‐59. 12. Gardner, D.M., Johnson, F., Lee, M. and Wilkinson, I. (2000). A contingency approach to marketing high technology products. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 34 No. 9/10, 1053-1077. 13. Hee, O. C. (2014). Validity and Reliability of the Customer-Oriented Behaviour Scale in the Health Tourism Hospitals in Malaysia. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 7(3), 771-775. 14. Houde, S., Liao, Q.V., Martino, J., Muller, M.J., Piorkowski, D., Richards, J.T., Weisz, J.D., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Business (mis)Use Cases of Generative AI. ArXiv, abs/2003.07679. 15. Huschens, M., Briesch, M., Sobania, D., & Rothlauf, F. (2023). Do You Trust ChatGPT? - Perceived Credibility of Human and AI-Generated Content. ArXiv, abs/2309.02524. 16. King, M.R. & chatGPT (2023). A Conversation on Artificial Intelligence, Chatbots, and Plagiarism in Higher Education. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 16, 1-2. 17. Lutz, R.J. (1985). Affective and Cognitive Antecedents of Attitude Toward the Ad : A Conceptual Framework. Psychological Processes and Advertising Effects, 45-64. 18. MacInnis, D. J., & de Mello, G. E. (2005). The Concept of Hope and its Relevance to Product Evaluation and Choice. Journal of Marketing, 69(1), 1-14. 19. Moore, O.( 2023,September 13). How Are Consumers Using Generative AI? Retrieved from https://a16z.com/how-are-consumers-using-generative-ai/ 20. Mukherjee, A., & Hoyer, W. D. (2001). The Effect of Novel Attributes on Product Evaluation. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(3), 462–472. 21. Nah, F., Zheng, R., Cai, J., Siau, K. & Chen, L. (2023). Generative AI and ChatGPT: Applications, challenges, and AI-human collaboration. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 25:3, 277-304. 22. Nesterenko, V., & Olefirenko, O. (2023). The impact of AI development on the development of marketing communications. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 1, 169-181. 23. Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. Communication and Persuasion. 24. Reysen, S. (2005). Construction of a new scale: The Reysen likeability scale. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 33 ( 2 ), 201–208. 25. Rosen, D. E., Schroeder, J. E., & Purinton, E. F. (1998). Marketing high tech products: Lessons in customer focus from the marketplace. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 6, 1-17. 26. Rossiter, J.R. & Percy, L. (1997), Advertising and Promotion Management, McGraw‐Hill, New York, NY. 27. Rudolph J., Tan, S., Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, Vol. 6 No. 1, 342-363. 28. Rytr (2023, June 19). Introducing Rytr – your AI writing assistant! Retrieved from https://rytr.me/blog/what-is-rytr/ 29. Schiefele, H., Krapp, A., Prenzel, M., Heiland, A., & Kasten, H. (1983). Principles of an educational theory of interest. Paper presented at the 7th biennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Munich. 30. Schiefele, U. (1991). Interest, Learning, and Motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26:3-4, 299-323. 31. Schivinski, B. & Dabrowski, D. (2016). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands, Journal of Marketing Communications, 22:2, 189-214. 32. Van Dis, E.A.M., Bollen, J., Zuidema, W., Van Rooij, R. and Bockting, C.L. (2023). ChatGPT: five priorities for research. Nature, Vol. 614 No. 7947, 224-226. 33. Wahid, R., Mero, J. and Ritala, P. (2023). Editorial: Written by ChatGPT, illustrated by Midjourney: generative AI for content marketing. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 35 No. 8, 1813-1822. 34. Walsh, M., & Lipinski, J. (2009). The role of the marketing function in small and medium sized enterprises. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(4), 569–585. 35. Wibowo, A., Chen, S.-C., Wiangin, U., Ma, Y., Ruangkanjanases, A.(2020). Customer Behavior as an Outcome of Social Media Marketing: The Role of Social Media Marketing Activity and Customer Experience. Sustainability 2021, 13, 189. 36. Wu, T., He, S., Liu, J., Sun, S., Liu, K., Han, Q., and Tang, Y. (2023). A Brief Overview of ChatGPT: The History, Status Quo and Potential Future Development. Journal of Automatica Sinica, vol. 10, no. 5, 1122-1136. 37. Zhang, Y., and Gosline, R. (2023). 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