1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of International Affairs
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 美國「白船外交」在中西太平洋的實踐
The United States’ Practices of “White Hull Diplomacy” in the Western and Central Pacific
作者 黃柏勲
Huang, Po-Hsun
貢獻者 邱坤玄
Chiu, Kun-Shuan
黃柏勲
Huang, Po-Hsun
關鍵詞 白船外交
砲艦外交
海軍外交
海事外交
準砲艦外交
美國海岸防衛隊(美海巡)
White Hull Diplomacy
Gunboat Diplomacy
Naval Diplomacy
Maritime Diplomacy
Paragunboat Diplomacy
Unites States Coast Guard (USCG)
日期 2025
上傳時間 3-Mar-2025 14:31:02 (UTC+8)
摘要 馬漢在19世紀末提出的「海權論」，強調國家發展武裝船舶（海軍），對保護海上貿易及商業行為至關重要，後續學者則運用海軍行使外交手段上，發展出「砲艦外交」及「海軍外交」等論述。1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》（UNCLOS）施行後，為確保該公約賦予沿海國之管轄權及特別權利相關主張獲得保護，海上執法機關（如海巡）的發展也成為各國爭相發展的領域，而後也出現「海事外交」及「準砲艦外交」之論述。 作為全球在軍事及海巡領域佔據領導地位之美國，其海軍、海軍陸戰隊與海岸防衛隊（以下簡稱美海巡）在2007、2015及2020年共同發布三次「三軍種海事戰略」，強調「前推海事部署」及三軍整合以應對區域安全挑戰，而美海巡作為需肩負海事安全、自然資源保護、海上維安及國防相關任務之機關，在中西太平洋地區的角色日益重要，特別針對印亞太地區和中西太平洋的戰略意涵，以及在應對中國大陸和俄羅斯對區域穩定的威脅上。2019年「自由且開放的印度太平洋」報告、2022年的「印太戰略」和「太平洋夥伴戰略」更進一步強化美海巡與國防部在區域內的存在與合作之重要性論述，並明確將中國大陸視為印太主要威脅，而美海巡作為美國「白船外交」的運用工具，則成為本研究之焦點。 本文將透過文獻檢閱方式進行砲艦外交、海軍外交、海事外交、準砲艦外交與白船外交等外交手段之發展，並盤點分析美國在中西太平洋所遇之挑戰與威脅，再透過彙整美海巡在域內之各式白船外交實踐情形進行相關驗證，期探詢美海巡在日益激烈的中西太平洋外交、安全及經濟競爭之角色定位及「白船外交」之實踐情形等相關研究發現，作為我國海洋委員會海巡署及其他涉海機關之政策參考。
In the late 19th century, Alfred Thayer Mahan proposed the “Theory of Sea Power,” emphasizing the critical role of armed vessels (navies) in protecting maritime trade and commerce. Subsequent scholars developed this concept into theories such as “Gunboat Diplomacy” and “Naval Diplomacy” as a means of using naval power for diplomatic purposes. Following the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, maritime law enforcement agencies, such as coast guards, gained increasing importance as countries sought to assert the jurisdictional rights and special privileges granted to coastal states by the convention. This shift led to the emergence of theories like “Maritime Diplomacy” and “Paragunboat Diplomacy.” As a global leader in both military and maritime security domains, the United States has seen its Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard (hereinafter referred to as the USCG) jointly publish three “Tri-Service Maritime Strategies” in 2007, 2015, and 2020, emphasizing forward naval deployment and tri-service integration to address regional security challenges. USCG, tasked with maritime security, marine environmental protection, maritime law enforcement, and national defense, has an increasingly significant role in the Indo-Pacific and Western Pacific regions, particularly concerning the strategic implications of these areas and the threats posed by PRC and Russia to regional stability. The 2019 “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” report and the 2022 “Indo-Pacific Strategy” and “Pacific Partnership Strategy” further underscore the importance of the USCG and Department of Defense’s presence and collaboration in the region. These documents explicitly designate PRC as the primary threat to the Indo-Pacific, positioning the USCG as a tool of “White Hull Diplomacy,” which is the central focus of this study. This study will employ a literature review to examine the development of diplomatic approaches, including Gunboat Diplomacy, Naval Diplomacy, Maritime Diplomacy, Paragunboat Diplomacy, and White Hull Diplomacy. It will then analyze the challenges and threats faced by the United States in the Western Pacific. The objective is to explore the role of the USCG amid the increasingly intense diplomatic, security, and economic competition in the Western Pacific and to provide insights into its application of White Hull Diplomacy. The findings also aim to offer policy references for Taiwan’s Coast Guard Administration and other maritime-related agencies.
參考文獻 一、 中文部分 (一) 專書譯著 Gompert, David著，高一中譯，2013。《西太平洋海權之爭》（Sea Power and American Interests in the Western Pacific）。臺北市：國防部政務辦公室。 Stavridis, James著，譚天譯，2018。《海權爭霸》（SEA POWER）。臺北：聯經出版公司。 (二) 專書論文 廖小娟，（2022）。〈中國大陸灰色地帶策略對印太國際秩序的影響與美日回應〉，蘇嘉宏主編，《日本新安保法制與海洋政策研析》。高雄：國家海洋研究院。2022，頁133-159。 (三) 期刊論文 王冠雄，2020/2。〈美國海岸防衛隊開進了臺灣海峽 近年來美海軍在西太平洋活動之分析〉，《海峽評論》，第350期，頁30-32。 <https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=a0000495-202002-202004060013-202004060013-30-32> 吳崇涵，2022/8。〈美中在太平洋島國之戰略佈局與前景〉，《戰略安全研析》，第175期，頁38-47。<https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/Information?publicationID=P20131120002&type=%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&tabName=2&issueYear=2022&issueID=202211220005&publisherID=263&isPrePrint=N>。 林文隆，2008。〈美國霸權的崛起歷程與海權論〉，《國防雜誌》，第23卷第1期，頁7-37。 <https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/17272432-200802-201403100014-201403100014-7-37>。 林政榮，2021/1〈中共2021年最新《海警法》之意涵〉，《國家安全研究院》，<https://indsr.org.tw/focus?uid=11&pid=148&typeid=>。 林海清，2001/10。〈馬漢海權論對20世紀海洋戰略思想發展之影響〉，《國防雜誌》，第17卷第4期，頁34-52。 鈕先鍾，1996/7。〈古史今評-海權對歷史的影響〉，《國防雜誌》，第12卷第1期，頁60-72 <https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A96026396&q%5B0%5D.f=JT&q%5B0%5D.i=%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&q%5B1%5D.o=0&q%5B1%5D.f=*&q%5B1%5D.i=%E6%B5%B7%E6%AC%8A&page=4&pageSize=1&orderField=score&orderType=desc>。 黃恩浩、林柏州。〈2019年《新時代的中國國防》白皮書〉，《國防安全週報》，第57期，頁1-6。<https://indsr.org.tw/uploads/indsr/files/202206/892e65fa-0046-4110-a3d1-a11077381dbc.pdf>。 黃恩浩、洪銘德，2021/3。〈中共海上民兵執行南海「灰色地帶」行動之研究〉，《國防雜誌》，第36卷第1期，頁23-48。 葛惠敏，2015/11。〈解析中共2015年《中國的軍事戰略》白皮書〉，《國防雜誌》，第30卷第6期，頁81-104。 <https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/17272432-201511-201512300003-201512300003-81-104>。 廖子豪，2022/6。〈從美國「海洋戰略」觀點論我國因應中共海上「灰色地帶衝突」〉，《海軍學術雙月刊》，第56卷第3期，頁51-70。<https://doi.org/10.6237/NPJ.202206_56（3）.0004>。 歐錫富，2021/4。〈中國歷年國防白皮書之回顧〉，《國防情勢特刊》，第8期，頁1-14。<https://indsr.org.tw/respubcationmenus?uid=13&resid=809> 歐錫富，2019/5。〈美國海防隊通行臺海展現印太新思維〉，《國防安全雙週報》，第46期，<https://indsr.org.tw/respublicationcon?uid=12&resid=702&pid=2543>。 翟文中、蔡欣容，2016/9。〈海軍外交的本質與具體實踐〉，《國防雜誌》，第31卷第3期，頁1-16。 謝志淵，2020/2。〈美國海岸防衛隊參與南海航行自由行動之戰略意涵〉，《戰略安全研析》，第160期，頁51-60。 <https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20131120002-202002-202009110004-202009110004-51-60>。 (四) 期刊論文譯著 Ian Bowers著，黃依歆譯，2019，〈海上情勢升溫：東亞海事中的穩定與不穩定因素〉（Escalation at Sea: Stability and Instability in Maritime East Asia），《海軍學術雙月刊》，第53卷第3期，頁104-119。 (五) 學位論文 王宏碩，2021。《美國印太戰略在談海區域的政策研究-新現實主義視角分析》。臺北：國立政治大學外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班論文。 王瑞麟，2009。《中國大陸崛起之海洋戰略-馬漢「海權論」觀點》。臺北：國防大學戰略研究所戰略與國際事務碩士班碩士論文。 曾明斌，2022。《臺灣海事軟實力之建構與運用-以海巡署為例的分析》。新北市：淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所博士論文。 (六) 官方文件 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2009/1/20，〈2008年中国的国防〉，<http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/2009-01/20/content_2615769.htm>。 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2011/3/31，〈2010年中国的国防〉，<https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2011-03/31/content_2618567.htm> 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2013/4，〈中國武裝力量的多樣化運用〉，<http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-04/16/content_2379013.htm>。 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2015/5/26，〈中國的軍事戰略〉， <http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/2015-05/26/content_2868988.htm>。 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2017/1/11，〈中國的亞太安全合作政策〉，<http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-01/11/content_5158864.htm>。 中华人民共和国国防部，2019/7/24，〈《新时代的中国国防》白皮书全文〉，<http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/fgwx/bps/4846424.html>。 (七) 網際網路 黃柏勲，2019/8/5。《108年參加美國海岸防衛隊國際海事官員班訓練》（臺北：海洋委員會海巡署教育訓練測考中心，2019年），《公務出國報告資訊網》，<https://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/ReportDetail/detail?sysId=C10802356>。   二、 英文部分 (一) 專書 Booth, Ken, 1979. Navies and Foreign Policy. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. Booth, Ken, 1985. Law, Force and Diplomacy at Sea. London: Routledge Revivals. Bowers, Ian & Koh, Swee, 2019. Grey and White Hulls An International Analysis of the Navy-Coastguard Nexus. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. Cable, James, 1971. Gunboat Diplomacy: Political Applications of Limited Naval Force. London: Chatto and Windus Ltd. Cable, James, 1994. Gunboat Diplomacy 1919-1991, 3rd ed.. London: Macmillan. Holmes, James and Yoshihara, Toshi, 2008. Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Kraska, James and Pedrozo, Raul, 2018. The Free Sea: The American Fight for Freedom of Navigation. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. Le Miere, Christian, 2014. Maritime Diplomacy in the 21st Century. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Mahan, Alfred, 1890. The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co.. Potter, E.B. & Nimitz, Chester, 1960. Sea Power-A Naval History. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hull, Inc.. Rowlands, Kevin, 2019. Naval Diplomacy in the 21st Century: a Model for the post-Cold War Global Order. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Otto, Lisa, 2020. Global Challenges in Maritime Security. Auckland Park, South Africa: Springer. (二) 專書論文 Jeftic, Ljubomir, Sheavly, Seba, and Adler, Ellik, 2009. “Facing the global challenge of marine litter,” in Nikki Meith, ed., Marine Litter: A Global Challenge. Nairobi, Kenya. pp.13-14. (三) 期刊論文 Allen, Craig, 2016/November. “White Hull Must Prepare for Gray Zone Challenges,” Proceedings, Vol. 142/11/1365, U.S. Naval Institute, <https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2016/november/white-hulls-must-prepare-gray-zone-challenges>. Allen, Craig, 2014/August. “A Great White Fleet for Cooperative Sea Power,” Proceedings, Vol. 140/8/1,338, U.S. Naval Institute, <https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2014/august/great-white-fleet-cooperative-sea-power>. Bueger, Christian, 2015/March. “What is Maritime Security?,” Marine Policy, Vol.53, pp.159-164. Crecy, Stacey, 2024/July. “MT Princess Empress Oil Spill Response in the Philippines: International Coordination and Communication,” International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2024 (1): 320, < https://meridian.allenpress.com/iosc/article-abstract/2024/1/320/501831/MT-PRINCESS-EMPRESS-Oil-Spill-Response-in-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext>. Driscoll, John, 2020/Spring. “National Security Cutter Conducts National Defense Mission,” Proceedings of the Marine Safety & Security Council, the Coast Guard Journal of Safety at Sea, Volume 77, Number 1. <https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Featured-Content/Proceedings-Magazine/Proceedings-Archives-Delete/Proceedings-Archives/>. Grossman, Derek, 2022/July. “China’s Pacific Push Is Backfiring,” Foreign Policy, <https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/07/26/china-pacific-islands-push-backfiring/>. Guilfoyle, Douglas & Chan, Edward Sing Yue, 2022/June. “Lawships or warships? Coast guards as agents of (in)stability in the Pacific and South and East China Sea,” Maritime Policy, Vol. 140, <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308597X22000951>. Kazianis, Harry, 2013/October. “China’s Expanding Cabbage Strategy,” The Diplomat, <https://thediplomat.com/2013/10/chinas-expanding-cabbage-strategy/>. Kuramoto, Akira, 2019/December. “Launch of Japan Coast Guard Mobile Cooperation Team (MCT),” Ocean Newsletter Selected Papers, No.24, pp.17-19. < https://www.spf.org/opri/en/global-data/publications/newsletter/20201212113123331.pdf>. Le Miere, Christian, 2011. “Policing the Waves: Maritime Paramilitaries in the Asia-Pacific,” Survival, 2011, Vol. 53, Issue 1, pp.133-146, <https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2011.555607>. Li, Pu , Cai, Qinhong , Lin, Weiyun , Chen, Bing , Zhang Baiyu, “Offshore oil spill response practices and emerging challenges,” ScienceDirect, Vol. 110, Issue 1, September 2016, pp.6-27. Moulton, Todd, 2023/September. “Deterring China in the South Pacific,” Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, Vol.6, No.6, pp. 115-120, <https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/3533604/deterring-china-in-the-south-pacific-send-in-the-seabees/> Owen, Dan, 2019/October. “Let the Coast Guard be the Coast Guard,” Proceedings, Vol. 145/10/1,400, U.S. Naval Institute, <https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2019/october/let-coast-guard-be-coast-guard>. Paleri, Prabhakaran, 2009. “Coast Guards of the World and Emerging Maritime Threats,” Ocean Policy Studies, Special Edition, pp.3-4. Perry, Nick, 2022/May. “China Wants 10 Pacific Nations to Sign a Major Cooperation Agreement,” The Diplomat, <https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/china-wants-10-pacific-nations-to-sign-a-major-cooperation-agreement/>. Phillips-Levine, Trevor; Phillips-Levine, Dylan; Fox, Colin; Mills, Walker, 2021. “Use Coast Guard for Freedom of Navigation Operations,” Proceedings, Vol.147/12/1426, <https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2021/december/use-coast-guard-freedom-navigation-operations>. Putra, Bama Andika, 2023. “The rise of paragunboat diplomacy as a maritime diplomatic instrument: Indonesia’s constabulary forces and tensions in the North Natuna Seas,” Asian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp.106-124, <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02185377.2023.2226879?scroll=top&needAccess=true>. Putra, Bama Andika, 2023. “The Golden Age of White Hulls: Deciphering the Philippines’ Maritime Diplomatic Strategies in the South China Sea,” Social Sciences, Vol. 12, Issue 6, MDPI, <https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12060337>. Palomba, Gianfranco, 2020/Spring. “U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence - Unparalleled placement and access for the homeland security enterprise,” Proceedings of the Marine Safety & Security Council, the Coast Guard Journal of Safety at Sea, Volume 77, Number 1, pp.15-19, <https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Featured-Content/Proceedings-Magazine/Proceedings-Archives-Delete/Proceedings-Archives/>. Tarriela, Jay, 2022. “The Maritime Security Roles of Coast Guards in Southeast Asia,” IDSS Paper, No. 076/2022, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, <https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/ip22076-the-maritime-security-roles-of-coast-guards-in-southeast-asia/>. Tristan, Jay, 2019. “What Is the US Coast Guard’s Role in the Indo-Pacific Strategy?” The Diplomat （Rozelle, N.S.W.）, Tribune Content Agency LLC. <https://www.proquest.com/docview/2437510769?pq-origsite=primo&parentSessionId=5tMse%2BhMLndAtUUffFFbPZk6vHg%2B%2B1E1ZzPZ5715nZg%3D&sourcetype=Magazines>. (四) 網際網路 Cooper, Eric, 2024. “The Era of Coast Guards: Combating Gray Zone Tactics Through an Indo-Pacific Combined Maritime Force of Law Enforcement Partners,” RAND Corporation, <https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA3044-1.html>. DeTrinis, Stephen, 2023. “Strategy in Actions: The Tri-Service Maritime Strategy in the Western Pacific,” Writing & Teaching Excellence Center, Naval War College, < https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1208172>. Harding, Andrew, 2023. “A Generational Opportunity to Counter China: Prioritizing the Pacific Islands Through the Compacts of Free Association (COFA),” The Heritage Foundation, No.3784, <https://www.heritage.org/asia/report/generational-opportunity-counter-china-prioritizing-the-pacific-islands-through-the>. Purcell, Terence, 2001. “Forward Presence: U.S. Naval Forces Meet the Challenge,” Pennsylvania: U.S. Army War College, < https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA389762.pdf >. (五) 官方文件 French Ministry of Armed Forces, 2019. France and Security in the Indo-Pacific, <https://franceintheus.org/IMG/pdf/France_and_Security_in_the_Indo-Pacific_-_2019.pdf> The White House, 2022. National Security Strategy, <https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Biden-Harris-Administrations-National-Security-Strategy-10.2022.pdf>. The White House, 2022. Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States, <https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf>. The White House, 2022. Pacific Partnership Strategy of the United States, <https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Pacific-Partnership-Strategy.pdf>. The White House, 2017. National Security Strategy of the United States of America, Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense, < https://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/nss/NSS2017.pdf?ver=CnFwURrw09pJ0q5EogFpwg%3d%3d>. United States Coast Guard, 2024, United States Coast Guard Operational Posture 2024, < https://www.uscg.mil/Leadership/Senior-Leadership/Resource-Library/>. United States Coast Guard, 2021, Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Strategic Outlook Implementation Plan, <https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/Images/IUU/doc/IUU%20IMPLEMENTATION%202021_FINAL.pdf> United States Coast Guard, 2020. Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Strategic Outlook, <https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/Images/iuu/IUU_Strategic_Outlook_2020_Final.pdf>. United States Coast Guard, 2019, International Training Handbook, Edition 16, <https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Portals/9/DCO%20Images/Final_ITH_Edition_16.pdf?ver=2019-02-14-134717-687>. United States Coast Guard, 2014, West Hemisphere Strategy, <https://media.defense.gov/2018/Oct/05/2002049080/-1/-1/0/CG_WEST_HEMISPHERE_STRATEGY.PDF> United States Coast Guard, 2008, USA Letter of Authorization, Western & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, <https://www.wcpfc.int/doc/usa-letter-authorization>. United States Coast Guard Pacific Area, 2023, United States Coast Guard Pacific Area Campaign Plan, <https://www.pacificarea.uscg.mil/Portals/8/Documents/PACAREA%20Campaign%20Plan%20Glossy_21Aug23.pdf>. United States Department of Defense, 2019. Indo-Pacific Strategy Report-Preparedness, Partnerships, and Promoting a Networked Region, <https://media.defense.gov/2019/jul/01/2002152311/-1/-1/1/department-of-defense-indo-pacific-strategy-report-2019.pdf>. United States Department of the Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, 2020. Advantage at Sea- Prevailing with Integrated All-Domain Naval Power, <https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo150136.>. United States Department of the Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, 2015. A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, <https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/navy/21st-century-seapower_strategy_201503.pdf>. United States Department of the Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, 2007. A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, <http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo10908.>. United States Department of State, 2024. The United States’ Enduring Commitment to the Indo-Pacific: Marking Two Years Since the Release of the Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy, <https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-enduring-commitment-to-the-indo-pacific-marking-two-years-since-the-release-of-the-administrations-indo-pacific-strategy/> United States Department of State, 2019. A Free and Open Indo-Pacific-Advancing a Shared Vision, <https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Free-and-Open-Indo-Pacific-4Nov2019.pdf>. 
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
111922002
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111922002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邱坤玄zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chiu, Kun-Shuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃柏勲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Po-Hsunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃柏勲zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Po-Hsunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Mar-2025 14:31:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Mar-2025 14:31:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Mar-2025 14:31:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111922002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/155999-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111922002zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 馬漢在19世紀末提出的「海權論」，強調國家發展武裝船舶（海軍），對保護海上貿易及商業行為至關重要，後續學者則運用海軍行使外交手段上，發展出「砲艦外交」及「海軍外交」等論述。1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》（UNCLOS）施行後，為確保該公約賦予沿海國之管轄權及特別權利相關主張獲得保護，海上執法機關（如海巡）的發展也成為各國爭相發展的領域，而後也出現「海事外交」及「準砲艦外交」之論述。 作為全球在軍事及海巡領域佔據領導地位之美國，其海軍、海軍陸戰隊與海岸防衛隊（以下簡稱美海巡）在2007、2015及2020年共同發布三次「三軍種海事戰略」，強調「前推海事部署」及三軍整合以應對區域安全挑戰，而美海巡作為需肩負海事安全、自然資源保護、海上維安及國防相關任務之機關，在中西太平洋地區的角色日益重要，特別針對印亞太地區和中西太平洋的戰略意涵，以及在應對中國大陸和俄羅斯對區域穩定的威脅上。2019年「自由且開放的印度太平洋」報告、2022年的「印太戰略」和「太平洋夥伴戰略」更進一步強化美海巡與國防部在區域內的存在與合作之重要性論述，並明確將中國大陸視為印太主要威脅，而美海巡作為美國「白船外交」的運用工具，則成為本研究之焦點。 本文將透過文獻檢閱方式進行砲艦外交、海軍外交、海事外交、準砲艦外交與白船外交等外交手段之發展，並盤點分析美國在中西太平洋所遇之挑戰與威脅，再透過彙整美海巡在域內之各式白船外交實踐情形進行相關驗證，期探詢美海巡在日益激烈的中西太平洋外交、安全及經濟競爭之角色定位及「白船外交」之實踐情形等相關研究發現，作為我國海洋委員會海巡署及其他涉海機關之政策參考。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the late 19th century, Alfred Thayer Mahan proposed the “Theory of Sea Power,” emphasizing the critical role of armed vessels (navies) in protecting maritime trade and commerce. Subsequent scholars developed this concept into theories such as “Gunboat Diplomacy” and “Naval Diplomacy” as a means of using naval power for diplomatic purposes. Following the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, maritime law enforcement agencies, such as coast guards, gained increasing importance as countries sought to assert the jurisdictional rights and special privileges granted to coastal states by the convention. This shift led to the emergence of theories like “Maritime Diplomacy” and “Paragunboat Diplomacy.” As a global leader in both military and maritime security domains, the United States has seen its Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard (hereinafter referred to as the USCG) jointly publish three “Tri-Service Maritime Strategies” in 2007, 2015, and 2020, emphasizing forward naval deployment and tri-service integration to address regional security challenges. USCG, tasked with maritime security, marine environmental protection, maritime law enforcement, and national defense, has an increasingly significant role in the Indo-Pacific and Western Pacific regions, particularly concerning the strategic implications of these areas and the threats posed by PRC and Russia to regional stability. The 2019 “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” report and the 2022 “Indo-Pacific Strategy” and “Pacific Partnership Strategy” further underscore the importance of the USCG and Department of Defense’s presence and collaboration in the region. These documents explicitly designate PRC as the primary threat to the Indo-Pacific, positioning the USCG as a tool of “White Hull Diplomacy,” which is the central focus of this study. This study will employ a literature review to examine the development of diplomatic approaches, including Gunboat Diplomacy, Naval Diplomacy, Maritime Diplomacy, Paragunboat Diplomacy, and White Hull Diplomacy. It will then analyze the challenges and threats faced by the United States in the Western Pacific. The objective is to explore the role of the USCG amid the increasingly intense diplomatic, security, and economic competition in the Western Pacific and to provide insights into its application of White Hull Diplomacy. The findings also aim to offer policy references for Taiwan’s Coast Guard Administration and other maritime-related agencies.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 文獻檢閱 4 第三節 研究途徑與方法 12 第四節 研究範圍與限制 13 第五節 研究架構與章節安排 14 第二章 白船外交的提出及演進 19 第一節 從砲艦外交到海軍外交 22 第二節 海事外交及準砲艦外交 30 第三節 白船外交的提出及被重視 36 第四節 小結 41 第三章 中西太平洋海域局勢變化與挑戰 47 第一節 共同的海洋議題與挑戰 49 第二節 東海、南海及臺海局勢變化與挑戰 53 第三節 太平洋島國局勢變化與挑戰 60 第四節 小結 64 第四章 美國白船外交之具體實踐 67 第一節 能量前推部署 69 第二節 促進友好雙邊交流 75 第三節 強化與區域多邊架構互動 84 第四節 小結 88 第五章 結論 93 第一節 研究檢視與發現 93 第二節 未來研究方向 96 參考文獻 99 附錄1 111 附錄2 115zh_TW
dc.format.extent 4316692 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111922002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 白船外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 砲艦外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海軍外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海事外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 準砲艦外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國海岸防衛隊(美海巡)zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) White Hull Diplomacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gunboat Diplomacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Naval Diplomacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Maritime Diplomacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Paragunboat Diplomacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Unites States Coast Guard (USCG)en_US
dc.title (題名) 美國「白船外交」在中西太平洋的實踐zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The United States’ Practices of “White Hull Diplomacy” in the Western and Central Pacificen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文部分 (一) 專書譯著 Gompert, David著，高一中譯，2013。《西太平洋海權之爭》（Sea Power and American Interests in the Western Pacific）。臺北市：國防部政務辦公室。 Stavridis, James著，譚天譯，2018。《海權爭霸》（SEA POWER）。臺北：聯經出版公司。 (二) 專書論文 廖小娟，（2022）。〈中國大陸灰色地帶策略對印太國際秩序的影響與美日回應〉，蘇嘉宏主編，《日本新安保法制與海洋政策研析》。高雄：國家海洋研究院。2022，頁133-159。 (三) 期刊論文 王冠雄，2020/2。〈美國海岸防衛隊開進了臺灣海峽 近年來美海軍在西太平洋活動之分析〉，《海峽評論》，第350期，頁30-32。 <https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=a0000495-202002-202004060013-202004060013-30-32> 吳崇涵，2022/8。〈美中在太平洋島國之戰略佈局與前景〉，《戰略安全研析》，第175期，頁38-47。<https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/Information?publicationID=P20131120002&type=%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&tabName=2&issueYear=2022&issueID=202211220005&publisherID=263&isPrePrint=N>。 林文隆，2008。〈美國霸權的崛起歷程與海權論〉，《國防雜誌》，第23卷第1期，頁7-37。 <https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/17272432-200802-201403100014-201403100014-7-37>。 林政榮，2021/1〈中共2021年最新《海警法》之意涵〉，《國家安全研究院》，<https://indsr.org.tw/focus?uid=11&pid=148&typeid=>。 林海清，2001/10。〈馬漢海權論對20世紀海洋戰略思想發展之影響〉，《國防雜誌》，第17卷第4期，頁34-52。 鈕先鍾，1996/7。〈古史今評-海權對歷史的影響〉，《國防雜誌》，第12卷第1期，頁60-72 <https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A96026396&q%5B0%5D.f=JT&q%5B0%5D.i=%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&q%5B1%5D.o=0&q%5B1%5D.f=*&q%5B1%5D.i=%E6%B5%B7%E6%AC%8A&page=4&pageSize=1&orderField=score&orderType=desc>。 黃恩浩、林柏州。〈2019年《新時代的中國國防》白皮書〉，《國防安全週報》，第57期，頁1-6。<https://indsr.org.tw/uploads/indsr/files/202206/892e65fa-0046-4110-a3d1-a11077381dbc.pdf>。 黃恩浩、洪銘德，2021/3。〈中共海上民兵執行南海「灰色地帶」行動之研究〉，《國防雜誌》，第36卷第1期，頁23-48。 葛惠敏，2015/11。〈解析中共2015年《中國的軍事戰略》白皮書〉，《國防雜誌》，第30卷第6期，頁81-104。 <https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/17272432-201511-201512300003-201512300003-81-104>。 廖子豪，2022/6。〈從美國「海洋戰略」觀點論我國因應中共海上「灰色地帶衝突」〉，《海軍學術雙月刊》，第56卷第3期，頁51-70。<https://doi.org/10.6237/NPJ.202206_56（3）.0004>。 歐錫富，2021/4。〈中國歷年國防白皮書之回顧〉，《國防情勢特刊》，第8期，頁1-14。<https://indsr.org.tw/respubcationmenus?uid=13&resid=809> 歐錫富，2019/5。〈美國海防隊通行臺海展現印太新思維〉，《國防安全雙週報》，第46期，<https://indsr.org.tw/respublicationcon?uid=12&resid=702&pid=2543>。 翟文中、蔡欣容，2016/9。〈海軍外交的本質與具體實踐〉，《國防雜誌》，第31卷第3期，頁1-16。 謝志淵，2020/2。〈美國海岸防衛隊參與南海航行自由行動之戰略意涵〉，《戰略安全研析》，第160期，頁51-60。 <https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20131120002-202002-202009110004-202009110004-51-60>。 (四) 期刊論文譯著 Ian Bowers著，黃依歆譯，2019，〈海上情勢升溫：東亞海事中的穩定與不穩定因素〉（Escalation at Sea: Stability and Instability in Maritime East Asia），《海軍學術雙月刊》，第53卷第3期，頁104-119。 (五) 學位論文 王宏碩，2021。《美國印太戰略在談海區域的政策研究-新現實主義視角分析》。臺北：國立政治大學外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班論文。 王瑞麟，2009。《中國大陸崛起之海洋戰略-馬漢「海權論」觀點》。臺北：國防大學戰略研究所戰略與國際事務碩士班碩士論文。 曾明斌，2022。《臺灣海事軟實力之建構與運用-以海巡署為例的分析》。新北市：淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所博士論文。 (六) 官方文件 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2009/1/20，〈2008年中国的国防〉，<http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/2009-01/20/content_2615769.htm>。 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2011/3/31，〈2010年中国的国防〉，<https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2011-03/31/content_2618567.htm> 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2013/4，〈中國武裝力量的多樣化運用〉，<http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-04/16/content_2379013.htm>。 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2015/5/26，〈中國的軍事戰略〉， <http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/2015-05/26/content_2868988.htm>。 中华人民共和国中央人民政府，2017/1/11，〈中國的亞太安全合作政策〉，<http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-01/11/content_5158864.htm>。 中华人民共和国国防部，2019/7/24，〈《新时代的中国国防》白皮书全文〉，<http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/fgwx/bps/4846424.html>。 (七) 網際網路 黃柏勲，2019/8/5。《108年參加美國海岸防衛隊國際海事官員班訓練》（臺北：海洋委員會海巡署教育訓練測考中心，2019年），《公務出國報告資訊網》，<https://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/ReportDetail/detail?sysId=C10802356>。   二、 英文部分 (一) 專書 Booth, Ken, 1979. Navies and Foreign Policy. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. Booth, Ken, 1985. Law, Force and Diplomacy at Sea. London: Routledge Revivals. Bowers, Ian & Koh, Swee, 2019. Grey and White Hulls An International Analysis of the Navy-Coastguard Nexus. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. Cable, James, 1971. Gunboat Diplomacy: Political Applications of Limited Naval Force. London: Chatto and Windus Ltd. Cable, James, 1994. Gunboat Diplomacy 1919-1991, 3rd ed.. London: Macmillan. Holmes, James and Yoshihara, Toshi, 2008. Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Kraska, James and Pedrozo, Raul, 2018. The Free Sea: The American Fight for Freedom of Navigation. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. Le Miere, Christian, 2014. Maritime Diplomacy in the 21st Century. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Mahan, Alfred, 1890. The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co.. Potter, E.B. & Nimitz, Chester, 1960. Sea Power-A Naval History. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hull, Inc.. Rowlands, Kevin, 2019. Naval Diplomacy in the 21st Century: a Model for the post-Cold War Global Order. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Otto, Lisa, 2020. Global Challenges in Maritime Security. Auckland Park, South Africa: Springer. (二) 專書論文 Jeftic, Ljubomir, Sheavly, Seba, and Adler, Ellik, 2009. “Facing the global challenge of marine litter,” in Nikki Meith, ed., Marine Litter: A Global Challenge. Nairobi, Kenya. pp.13-14. (三) 期刊論文 Allen, Craig, 2016/November. “White Hull Must Prepare for Gray Zone Challenges,” Proceedings, Vol. 142/11/1365, U.S. Naval Institute, <https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2016/november/white-hulls-must-prepare-gray-zone-challenges>. Allen, Craig, 2014/August. “A Great White Fleet for Cooperative Sea Power,” Proceedings, Vol. 140/8/1,338, U.S. Naval Institute, <https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2014/august/great-white-fleet-cooperative-sea-power>. Bueger, Christian, 2015/March. “What is Maritime Security?,” Marine Policy, Vol.53, pp.159-164. Crecy, Stacey, 2024/July. “MT Princess Empress Oil Spill Response in the Philippines: International Coordination and Communication,” International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2024 (1): 320, < https://meridian.allenpress.com/iosc/article-abstract/2024/1/320/501831/MT-PRINCESS-EMPRESS-Oil-Spill-Response-in-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext>. Driscoll, John, 2020/Spring. “National Security Cutter Conducts National Defense Mission,” Proceedings of the Marine Safety & Security Council, the Coast Guard Journal of Safety at Sea, Volume 77, Number 1. <https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Featured-Content/Proceedings-Magazine/Proceedings-Archives-Delete/Proceedings-Archives/>. Grossman, Derek, 2022/July. “China’s Pacific Push Is Backfiring,” Foreign Policy, <https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/07/26/china-pacific-islands-push-backfiring/>. Guilfoyle, Douglas & Chan, Edward Sing Yue, 2022/June. “Lawships or warships? Coast guards as agents of (in)stability in the Pacific and South and East China Sea,” Maritime Policy, Vol. 140, <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308597X22000951>. Kazianis, Harry, 2013/October. “China’s Expanding Cabbage Strategy,” The Diplomat, <https://thediplomat.com/2013/10/chinas-expanding-cabbage-strategy/>. Kuramoto, Akira, 2019/December. “Launch of Japan Coast Guard Mobile Cooperation Team (MCT),” Ocean Newsletter Selected Papers, No.24, pp.17-19. < https://www.spf.org/opri/en/global-data/publications/newsletter/20201212113123331.pdf>. Le Miere, Christian, 2011. “Policing the Waves: Maritime Paramilitaries in the Asia-Pacific,” Survival, 2011, Vol. 53, Issue 1, pp.133-146, <https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2011.555607>. Li, Pu , Cai, Qinhong , Lin, Weiyun , Chen, Bing , Zhang Baiyu, “Offshore oil spill response practices and emerging challenges,” ScienceDirect, Vol. 110, Issue 1, September 2016, pp.6-27. Moulton, Todd, 2023/September. “Deterring China in the South Pacific,” Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, Vol.6, No.6, pp. 115-120, <https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/3533604/deterring-china-in-the-south-pacific-send-in-the-seabees/> Owen, Dan, 2019/October. “Let the Coast Guard be the Coast Guard,” Proceedings, Vol. 145/10/1,400, U.S. Naval Institute, <https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2019/october/let-coast-guard-be-coast-guard>. Paleri, Prabhakaran, 2009. “Coast Guards of the World and Emerging Maritime Threats,” Ocean Policy Studies, Special Edition, pp.3-4. Perry, Nick, 2022/May. “China Wants 10 Pacific Nations to Sign a Major Cooperation Agreement,” The Diplomat, <https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/china-wants-10-pacific-nations-to-sign-a-major-cooperation-agreement/>. Phillips-Levine, Trevor; Phillips-Levine, Dylan; Fox, Colin; Mills, Walker, 2021. “Use Coast Guard for Freedom of Navigation Operations,” Proceedings, Vol.147/12/1426, <https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2021/december/use-coast-guard-freedom-navigation-operations>. Putra, Bama Andika, 2023. “The rise of paragunboat diplomacy as a maritime diplomatic instrument: Indonesia’s constabulary forces and tensions in the North Natuna Seas,” Asian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp.106-124, <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02185377.2023.2226879?scroll=top&needAccess=true>. Putra, Bama Andika, 2023. “The Golden Age of White Hulls: Deciphering the Philippines’ Maritime Diplomatic Strategies in the South China Sea,” Social Sciences, Vol. 12, Issue 6, MDPI, <https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12060337>. Palomba, Gianfranco, 2020/Spring. “U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence - Unparalleled placement and access for the homeland security enterprise,” Proceedings of the Marine Safety & Security Council, the Coast Guard Journal of Safety at Sea, Volume 77, Number 1, pp.15-19, <https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Featured-Content/Proceedings-Magazine/Proceedings-Archives-Delete/Proceedings-Archives/>. Tarriela, Jay, 2022. “The Maritime Security Roles of Coast Guards in Southeast Asia,” IDSS Paper, No. 076/2022, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, <https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/ip22076-the-maritime-security-roles-of-coast-guards-in-southeast-asia/>. Tristan, Jay, 2019. “What Is the US Coast Guard’s Role in the Indo-Pacific Strategy?” The Diplomat （Rozelle, N.S.W.）, Tribune Content Agency LLC. <https://www.proquest.com/docview/2437510769?pq-origsite=primo&parentSessionId=5tMse%2BhMLndAtUUffFFbPZk6vHg%2B%2B1E1ZzPZ5715nZg%3D&sourcetype=Magazines>. (四) 網際網路 Cooper, Eric, 2024. “The Era of Coast Guards: Combating Gray Zone Tactics Through an Indo-Pacific Combined Maritime Force of Law Enforcement Partners,” RAND Corporation, <https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA3044-1.html>. DeTrinis, Stephen, 2023. “Strategy in Actions: The Tri-Service Maritime Strategy in the Western Pacific,” Writing & Teaching Excellence Center, Naval War College, < https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1208172>. Harding, Andrew, 2023. “A Generational Opportunity to Counter China: Prioritizing the Pacific Islands Through the Compacts of Free Association (COFA),” The Heritage Foundation, No.3784, <https://www.heritage.org/asia/report/generational-opportunity-counter-china-prioritizing-the-pacific-islands-through-the>. Purcell, Terence, 2001. “Forward Presence: U.S. Naval Forces Meet the Challenge,” Pennsylvania: U.S. Army War College, < https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA389762.pdf >. (五) 官方文件 French Ministry of Armed Forces, 2019. France and Security in the Indo-Pacific, <https://franceintheus.org/IMG/pdf/France_and_Security_in_the_Indo-Pacific_-_2019.pdf> The White House, 2022. National Security Strategy, <https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Biden-Harris-Administrations-National-Security-Strategy-10.2022.pdf>. The White House, 2022. Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States, <https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf>. The White House, 2022. Pacific Partnership Strategy of the United States, <https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Pacific-Partnership-Strategy.pdf>. The White House, 2017. National Security Strategy of the United States of America, Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense, < https://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/nss/NSS2017.pdf?ver=CnFwURrw09pJ0q5EogFpwg%3d%3d>. United States Coast Guard, 2024, United States Coast Guard Operational Posture 2024, < https://www.uscg.mil/Leadership/Senior-Leadership/Resource-Library/>. United States Coast Guard, 2021, Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Strategic Outlook Implementation Plan, <https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/Images/IUU/doc/IUU%20IMPLEMENTATION%202021_FINAL.pdf> United States Coast Guard, 2020. Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Strategic Outlook, <https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/Images/iuu/IUU_Strategic_Outlook_2020_Final.pdf>. United States Coast Guard, 2019, International Training Handbook, Edition 16, <https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Portals/9/DCO%20Images/Final_ITH_Edition_16.pdf?ver=2019-02-14-134717-687>. United States Coast Guard, 2014, West Hemisphere Strategy, <https://media.defense.gov/2018/Oct/05/2002049080/-1/-1/0/CG_WEST_HEMISPHERE_STRATEGY.PDF> United States Coast Guard, 2008, USA Letter of Authorization, Western & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, <https://www.wcpfc.int/doc/usa-letter-authorization>. United States Coast Guard Pacific Area, 2023, United States Coast Guard Pacific Area Campaign Plan, <https://www.pacificarea.uscg.mil/Portals/8/Documents/PACAREA%20Campaign%20Plan%20Glossy_21Aug23.pdf>. United States Department of Defense, 2019. Indo-Pacific Strategy Report-Preparedness, Partnerships, and Promoting a Networked Region, <https://media.defense.gov/2019/jul/01/2002152311/-1/-1/1/department-of-defense-indo-pacific-strategy-report-2019.pdf>. United States Department of the Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, 2020. Advantage at Sea- Prevailing with Integrated All-Domain Naval Power, <https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo150136.>. United States Department of the Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, 2015. A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, <https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/navy/21st-century-seapower_strategy_201503.pdf>. United States Department of the Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, 2007. A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, <http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo10908.>. United States Department of State, 2024. The United States’ Enduring Commitment to the Indo-Pacific: Marking Two Years Since the Release of the Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy, <https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-enduring-commitment-to-the-indo-pacific-marking-two-years-since-the-release-of-the-administrations-indo-pacific-strategy/> United States Department of State, 2019. A Free and Open Indo-Pacific-Advancing a Shared Vision, <https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Free-and-Open-Indo-Pacific-4Nov2019.pdf>. zh_TW