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題名 台灣原住民過度教育之研究
A study on the over-education of Taiwanese aborigines
作者 余佳憲
Yu, Jia-Xian
貢獻者 莊奕琦
Chuang, Yih-Chyi
余佳憲
Yu, Jia-Xian
關鍵詞 過度教育
薪資懲罰
原住民
Overeducation
Wage Penalty
Indigenous People
日期 2025
上傳時間 3-Mar-2025 14:44:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著台灣高等教育普及，越來越多人取得高學歷，然而這也帶來了過度教育現象，即學歷超過實際工作需求的情況。台灣過去研究並無探究原住民過度教育的議題，因此本研究利用「108年原住民族就業狀況調查」與「108年中華民國人力運用調查報告」的資料，進行實證分析，本研究旨在探討原住民是否相較於一般民眾更易成為過度教育的受害者，以及原住民在遭遇過度教育時是否承受更嚴重的薪資懲罰。過度教育現象不僅影響勞動力市場效率，也可能加劇社會不平等，特別是在少數族群中。原住民作為台灣歷史文化中的重要族群，其社會經濟地位往往較低，容易受到勞動市場上的不公平對待。因此，深入研究過度教育與原住民薪資懲罰之間的關係，不僅能揭示結構性不平等的潛在存在，也對政策制定具有重要參考價值，以促進社會公平與包容。本研究透過Probit模型分析發現原住民群體更容易成為過度教育者，男性、未婚者以及高學歷者更容易成為過度教育者；公部門員工較少面臨過度教育，而兼職工作者則更易成為過度教育者。進一步使用Verdugo & Verdugo薪資迴歸模型發現原住民比起一般民眾的薪資懲罰更為嚴重，而後續透過Oaxaca薪資分解模型，探討原住民在過度教育下的薪資懲罰差異，而這一差異一部份來自不可解釋部份，可能與社會結構性問題、勞動市場的機會不平等、以及未觀察到的個體特徵有關。
With the widespread accessibility of higher education in Taiwan, an increasing number of individuals are attaining advanced degrees. However, this has also led to the phenomenon of overeducation, where individuals' educational attainment exceeds the requirements of their jobs. Previous studies in Taiwan have not specifically explored the issue of overeducation among Indigenous peoples. Therefore, this study employs data from the "2019 Survey on Employment Status of Indigenous Peoples" and the "2019 Manpower Utilization Survey" to conduct an empirical analysis. The study aims to investigate whether Indigenous peoples are more likely to experience overeducation compared to the general population and whether they face more severe wage penalties when overeducated.The phenomenon of overeducation not only affects labor market efficiency but may also exacerbate social inequality, particularly among minority groups. Indigenous peoples, as an important cultural group in Taiwan’s history, often occupy lower socioeconomic positions and are more susceptible to unfair treatment in the labor market. Therefore, examining the relationship between overeducation and wage penalties among Indigenous peoples is crucial for uncovering potential structural discrimination and informing policy measures to promote social equity and inclusivity. Using a Probit model, this study finds that Indigenous peoples are indeed more likely to be overeducated. Additionally, men, unmarried individuals, and those with higher levels of education are more prone to overeducation. Public sector employees are less likely to face overeducation, whereas part-time workers are more likely to experience it. Further analysis using the Verdugo & Verdugo wage regression model reveals that wage penalties for overeducation are more severe for Indigenous peoples compared to the general population. The Oaxaca wage decomposition model is then applied to explore the wage penalty differences among overeducated Indigenous peoples, identifying that part of these differences stems from the unexplained portion of the decomposition.
參考文獻 行政院原住民委員會，(2021)，《110全年度原住民就業狀況調查報告》。 邱汝娜(2008)。台灣原住民族就業障礙與對策之研究：從社會排除觀點探析。國立暨南國際大學，社會政策與社會工作學系，南投。 巫銘昌&黃燕萍，(1998)。企業界主管對於原住民就業問題態度研究。原住民教育季刊，11，1-30。 陳昭帆(2001)。社會變遷與弱勢族群---原住民的遷徙、就業與歧視問題。國立中正大學，社會福利系，嘉義。 莊昆祐(2003)。臺灣原住民之就業歧視。國立臺灣大學，國家發展研究所，台北。 黃家凱，(2018)。臺灣原住民族高等教育政策分析。教育研究與發展期刊，14(3)，33-64。 蔡淑鈴，(2004)。高等教育的擴展對教育基會分配的影響。台灣社會學，7，47-88。 蘇微雁(2015)。台灣地區過度教育影響因素研究。東吳大學，經濟學系，台北。 Barone, C., & Ortiz, L. (2011). Overeducation among European university graduates: A comparative analysis of its incidence and the importance of higher education differentiation. Higher Education, 61, 325–377. Battu, H., & Sloane, P. J. (2004). Over-education and ethnic minorities in Britain. The Manchester School, 72(4), 535–559. Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press. Boll, C., Leppin, J. S., Rossen, A., & Wolf, A. (2016). Overeducation: New evidence for 25 European countries. HWWI Research Paper. Büchel, F., & Pollmann-Schult, M. (2001). Overeducation and skill endowments: The role of school achievement and vocational training quality. Büchel, F., & van Ham, M. (2003). Overeducation, regional labor markets, and spatial flexibility. Journal of Urban Economics, 53(3), 482–493. Capsada-Munsech, Q. (2019). Measuring overeducation: Incidence, correlation, and overlaps across indicators and countries. Social Indicators Research, 145(1), 279–301. Capsada-Munsech, Q. (2020). Overeducation, skills, and social background: The influence of parental education on overeducation in Spain. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 50(2), 216–236. Cultrera, L., Rycx, F., Santosuosso, G., & Vermeylen, G. (2023). The over-education wage penalty among PhD holders: A European perspective. Education Economics. Diem, A., & Wolter, S. C. (2014). Overeducation among Swiss university graduates: Determinants and consequences. Journal of Labour Market Research, 47(4), 313–328. Duncan, G. J., & Hoffman, S. D. (1981). The incidence and wage effects of overeducation. Economics of Education Review, 1(1), 75–86. Flisi, S., Goglio, V., Meroni, E. C., Rodrigues, M., & Vera-Toscano, E. (2017). Measuring occupational mismatch: Overeducation and overskill in Europe—Evidence from PIAAC. Social Indicators Research, 131(3), 1211–1249. Hartog, J. (2000). Over-education and earnings: Where are we, where should we go? Economics of Education Review, 19(2), 131–147. Hung, C.-Y. (2008). Overeducation and undereducation in Taiwan. Economics of Education Review, 19(2), 125–137. Joona, P. A., Gupta, N. D., & Wadensjö, E. (2014). Overeducation among immigrants in Sweden: Incidence, wage effects, and state dependence. IZA Journal of Migration, 3(1), 9. Kiker, B. F., Santos, M. C., & Mendes de Oliveira, M. (1997). Overeducation and undereducation: Evidence for Portugal. Economics of Education Review, 2, 111–125. Lindley, J. (2009). The over-education of UK immigrants and minority ethnic groups: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey. Economics of Education Review, 28(1), 80–89. McGuinness, S. (2006). Overeducation in the labour market. Journal of Economic Surveys, 20(3), 387–418. Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, experience, and earnings. Human Behavior & Social Institutions No. 2. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Na Wu, & Wang, Q. (2018). Wage penalty of overeducation: New micro-evidence from China. China Economic Review, 50, 206–217. Nieto, S., & Ramos, R. (2017). Overeducation, skills and wage penalty: Evidence for Spain using PIAAC data. Social Indicators Research, 134(1), 219–236. Nielsen, C. P. (2011). Immigrant over-education: Evidence from Denmark. Journal of Population Economics, 24(2), 499–520. Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14(3), 693–709. Salas-Velasco, M. (2021). Mapping the mismatch of university degrees in the graduate labor market. Journal for Labour Market Research, 55(1), 14. Sicherman, N. (1991). "Overeducation" in the labor market. Journal of Labor Economics, 9(2), 101–122. Verdugo, R. R., & Verdugo, N. T. (1988). Overeducation and the earnings of Black, Hispanic, and White male workers. Sociological Perspectives, 31(2), 190–212. Verdugo, R. R., & Verdugo, N. T. (1989). The impact of surplus schooling on earnings: Some additional findings. The Journal of Human Resources, 72(4), 629–643. Wald, S., & Fang, T. (2008). Overeducated immigrants in the Canadian labour market: Evidence from the workplace and employee survey. Canadian Public Policy, 34(4), 457–479. Zakariya, Z., Rambeli, N., Mahjom, N., & Noor, N. (2015). The incidence and wage effects of over and under-education among ethnic groups in Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Issues and Thought, 5, 82–98.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
109258022
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109258022
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 莊奕琦zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chuang, Yih-Chyien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 余佳憲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yu, Jia-Xianen_US
dc.creator (作者) 余佳憲zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yu, Jia-Xianen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Mar-2025 14:44:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Mar-2025 14:44:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Mar-2025 14:44:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109258022en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/156027-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109258022zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著台灣高等教育普及，越來越多人取得高學歷，然而這也帶來了過度教育現象，即學歷超過實際工作需求的情況。台灣過去研究並無探究原住民過度教育的議題，因此本研究利用「108年原住民族就業狀況調查」與「108年中華民國人力運用調查報告」的資料，進行實證分析，本研究旨在探討原住民是否相較於一般民眾更易成為過度教育的受害者，以及原住民在遭遇過度教育時是否承受更嚴重的薪資懲罰。過度教育現象不僅影響勞動力市場效率，也可能加劇社會不平等，特別是在少數族群中。原住民作為台灣歷史文化中的重要族群，其社會經濟地位往往較低，容易受到勞動市場上的不公平對待。因此，深入研究過度教育與原住民薪資懲罰之間的關係，不僅能揭示結構性不平等的潛在存在，也對政策制定具有重要參考價值，以促進社會公平與包容。本研究透過Probit模型分析發現原住民群體更容易成為過度教育者，男性、未婚者以及高學歷者更容易成為過度教育者；公部門員工較少面臨過度教育，而兼職工作者則更易成為過度教育者。進一步使用Verdugo & Verdugo薪資迴歸模型發現原住民比起一般民眾的薪資懲罰更為嚴重，而後續透過Oaxaca薪資分解模型，探討原住民在過度教育下的薪資懲罰差異，而這一差異一部份來自不可解釋部份，可能與社會結構性問題、勞動市場的機會不平等、以及未觀察到的個體特徵有關。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) With the widespread accessibility of higher education in Taiwan, an increasing number of individuals are attaining advanced degrees. However, this has also led to the phenomenon of overeducation, where individuals' educational attainment exceeds the requirements of their jobs. Previous studies in Taiwan have not specifically explored the issue of overeducation among Indigenous peoples. Therefore, this study employs data from the "2019 Survey on Employment Status of Indigenous Peoples" and the "2019 Manpower Utilization Survey" to conduct an empirical analysis. The study aims to investigate whether Indigenous peoples are more likely to experience overeducation compared to the general population and whether they face more severe wage penalties when overeducated.The phenomenon of overeducation not only affects labor market efficiency but may also exacerbate social inequality, particularly among minority groups. Indigenous peoples, as an important cultural group in Taiwan’s history, often occupy lower socioeconomic positions and are more susceptible to unfair treatment in the labor market. Therefore, examining the relationship between overeducation and wage penalties among Indigenous peoples is crucial for uncovering potential structural discrimination and informing policy measures to promote social equity and inclusivity. Using a Probit model, this study finds that Indigenous peoples are indeed more likely to be overeducated. Additionally, men, unmarried individuals, and those with higher levels of education are more prone to overeducation. Public sector employees are less likely to face overeducation, whereas part-time workers are more likely to experience it. Further analysis using the Verdugo & Verdugo wage regression model reveals that wage penalties for overeducation are more severe for Indigenous peoples compared to the general population. The Oaxaca wage decomposition model is then applied to explore the wage penalty differences among overeducated Indigenous peoples, identifying that part of these differences stems from the unexplained portion of the decomposition.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機與目的 3 第三節 研究架構 5 第二章 文獻回顧 6 第一節 過度教育相關研究 6 第二節 過度教育的衡量方法 8 第三節 台灣原住民相關研究 9 第三章 資料來源與變數說明 12 第一節 資料來源與選取 12 第二節 變數定義與分析 12 第四章 實證模型設定 23 第一節 教育選擇的Probit模型 23 第二節 薪資迴歸模型 25 第三節 Oaxaca分解方法 27 第五章 實證結果分析 29 第一節 過度教育發生率的實證結果 29 第二節 薪資迴歸模型的實證結果 33 第三節 Oaxaca薪資差異實證結果 41 第六章 結論 46 參考文獻 49zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2065972 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109258022en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 過度教育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 薪資懲罰zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 原住民zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Overeducationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Wage Penaltyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indigenous Peopleen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣原住民過度教育之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A study on the over-education of Taiwanese aboriginesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院原住民委員會，(2021)，《110全年度原住民就業狀況調查報告》。 邱汝娜(2008)。台灣原住民族就業障礙與對策之研究：從社會排除觀點探析。國立暨南國際大學，社會政策與社會工作學系，南投。 巫銘昌&黃燕萍，(1998)。企業界主管對於原住民就業問題態度研究。原住民教育季刊，11，1-30。 陳昭帆(2001)。社會變遷與弱勢族群---原住民的遷徙、就業與歧視問題。國立中正大學，社會福利系，嘉義。 莊昆祐(2003)。臺灣原住民之就業歧視。國立臺灣大學，國家發展研究所，台北。 黃家凱，(2018)。臺灣原住民族高等教育政策分析。教育研究與發展期刊，14(3)，33-64。 蔡淑鈴，(2004)。高等教育的擴展對教育基會分配的影響。台灣社會學，7，47-88。 蘇微雁(2015)。台灣地區過度教育影響因素研究。東吳大學，經濟學系，台北。 Barone, C., & Ortiz, L. (2011). Overeducation among European university graduates: A comparative analysis of its incidence and the importance of higher education differentiation. Higher Education, 61, 325–377. Battu, H., & Sloane, P. J. (2004). Over-education and ethnic minorities in Britain. The Manchester School, 72(4), 535–559. Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press. Boll, C., Leppin, J. S., Rossen, A., & Wolf, A. (2016). Overeducation: New evidence for 25 European countries. HWWI Research Paper. Büchel, F., & Pollmann-Schult, M. (2001). Overeducation and skill endowments: The role of school achievement and vocational training quality. Büchel, F., & van Ham, M. (2003). Overeducation, regional labor markets, and spatial flexibility. Journal of Urban Economics, 53(3), 482–493. Capsada-Munsech, Q. (2019). Measuring overeducation: Incidence, correlation, and overlaps across indicators and countries. Social Indicators Research, 145(1), 279–301. Capsada-Munsech, Q. (2020). Overeducation, skills, and social background: The influence of parental education on overeducation in Spain. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 50(2), 216–236. Cultrera, L., Rycx, F., Santosuosso, G., & Vermeylen, G. (2023). The over-education wage penalty among PhD holders: A European perspective. Education Economics. Diem, A., & Wolter, S. C. (2014). Overeducation among Swiss university graduates: Determinants and consequences. Journal of Labour Market Research, 47(4), 313–328. Duncan, G. J., & Hoffman, S. D. (1981). The incidence and wage effects of overeducation. Economics of Education Review, 1(1), 75–86. Flisi, S., Goglio, V., Meroni, E. C., Rodrigues, M., & Vera-Toscano, E. (2017). Measuring occupational mismatch: Overeducation and overskill in Europe—Evidence from PIAAC. Social Indicators Research, 131(3), 1211–1249. Hartog, J. (2000). Over-education and earnings: Where are we, where should we go? Economics of Education Review, 19(2), 131–147. Hung, C.-Y. (2008). Overeducation and undereducation in Taiwan. Economics of Education Review, 19(2), 125–137. Joona, P. A., Gupta, N. D., & Wadensjö, E. (2014). Overeducation among immigrants in Sweden: Incidence, wage effects, and state dependence. IZA Journal of Migration, 3(1), 9. Kiker, B. F., Santos, M. C., & Mendes de Oliveira, M. (1997). Overeducation and undereducation: Evidence for Portugal. Economics of Education Review, 2, 111–125. Lindley, J. (2009). The over-education of UK immigrants and minority ethnic groups: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey. Economics of Education Review, 28(1), 80–89. McGuinness, S. (2006). Overeducation in the labour market. Journal of Economic Surveys, 20(3), 387–418. Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, experience, and earnings. Human Behavior & Social Institutions No. 2. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Na Wu, & Wang, Q. (2018). Wage penalty of overeducation: New micro-evidence from China. China Economic Review, 50, 206–217. Nieto, S., & Ramos, R. (2017). Overeducation, skills and wage penalty: Evidence for Spain using PIAAC data. Social Indicators Research, 134(1), 219–236. Nielsen, C. P. (2011). Immigrant over-education: Evidence from Denmark. Journal of Population Economics, 24(2), 499–520. Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14(3), 693–709. Salas-Velasco, M. (2021). Mapping the mismatch of university degrees in the graduate labor market. Journal for Labour Market Research, 55(1), 14. Sicherman, N. (1991). "Overeducation" in the labor market. Journal of Labor Economics, 9(2), 101–122. Verdugo, R. R., & Verdugo, N. T. (1988). Overeducation and the earnings of Black, Hispanic, and White male workers. Sociological Perspectives, 31(2), 190–212. Verdugo, R. R., & Verdugo, N. T. (1989). The impact of surplus schooling on earnings: Some additional findings. The Journal of Human Resources, 72(4), 629–643. Wald, S., & Fang, T. (2008). Overeducated immigrants in the Canadian labour market: Evidence from the workplace and employee survey. Canadian Public Policy, 34(4), 457–479. Zakariya, Z., Rambeli, N., Mahjom, N., & Noor, N. (2015). The incidence and wage effects of over and under-education among ethnic groups in Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Issues and Thought, 5, 82–98.zh_TW