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題名 2023年土耳其大地震的台灣再現：以土耳其網路新聞為例
Taiwan's Representation of the 2023 Turkish Earthquake: A Case Study of Turkish Online News作者 張小雨
YAGIZ, DAMLA NUR貢獻者 黃葳威
張小雨
DAMLA NUR YAGIZ關鍵詞 地震
土耳其媒體
新聞報導
媒體再現
Earthquake
Turkish Media
News Reports
Media Representation日期 2025 上傳時間 3-Mar-2025 14:51:13 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究檢視了 2023 年土耳其發生大地震後，土耳其媒體如何再現台灣的救 援工作。透過分析 2023 年 2 月至 11 月期間發布的 34 篇網路新聞文章，我評 估了台灣搜救隊的代表性。本研究基於媒體再現理論，研究了新聞中使用的語言、 視覺效果和敘事框架。 本論文發現，土耳其媒體普遍在團結、合作、專業知識的框架中報導台灣。 本研究採用了文本分析方法。此方法用於確定新聞中重複出現哪些字詞和敘述模 式、優先選擇哪些圖像以及突出哪些主題。研究發現，新聞報導，尤其是包含「英 雄敘事」的報導，強調了台灣隊的犧牲和勇氣。視覺分析顯示，新聞報導中使用 的照片經常展示台灣隊伍積極救援和救生的姿態。 這項研究對於了解媒體如何呈現災後援助以及此類新聞對人們的影響具有 重要意義。看來，台土兩國長期以來的互助關係，因這次地震而復活了。媒體的 新聞基調、詞語的選擇以及視覺效果的運用對國家間關係產生了間接的影響。研 究運用媒體再現理論和文本分析，揭示了不同文化背景的人們在災難時刻如何走 到一起以及如何合作。
This study examines how Taiwan’s rescue efforts were reproduced in the Turkish media following the 2023 major earthquake in Turkey. By analyzing 34 online news articles published between February and November 2023, I assess the representation of Taiwan’s search and rescue teams. This study examines the language, visuals, and narrative frames used in the news based on media representation theory. This study found that Turkish media generally report Taiwan within the framework of solidarity, cooperation, and expertise. This study adopted text analysis method. This method is used to determine which words and narrative patterns appear repeatedly in the news, which images are prioritized, and which topics are highlighted. The study found that news reports, especially those containing "hero narratives," emphasized the sacrifice and courage of the Taiwanese team. Visual analysis shows that photos used in news reports often show Taiwanese team actively performing rescue and lifesaving actions. This study has important implications for understanding how the media presents post-disaster aid and the impact of such news on people. It seems that the long-standing mutual assistance relationship between Taiwan and Turkey has been revived by this earthquake. The tone of news, word choice, and use of visuals by the media have an indirect impact on relations between countries. The study uses media representation theory and text analysis to reveal how people from different cultural backgrounds come together and narrate their collaboration in times of disaster.參考文獻 參考文獻 中文部分 吳玟誼(2022)。《新冠肺炎情下媒體如何再現移工樣貌》。國立政治大學傳播學 院傳播碩士學位學程碩士學位論文。 徐明貞(2013)。《921 地震的新聞報導與災難書寫》。國立中興大學中國文學研 究所碩士學位論文。 陳人卿、吳昱龍、劉晏余、吳秉儒、林佳瑩(2018)。地震引致台北都會區重要 設施衝擊境分析-以大阪北部地震反思台灣地震災害。臺灣災害管理研討會,， 2018，2018。 林照真(2013)。〈台灣電視新聞之災難報導:以「莫拉克」風災為例〉。《新 聞學研究》，(115)，2013。 張錦華(1994)。《傳播判斷理論》。台北:黎明文化。 賴彥竹(2019)。《災難新聞中的防災資訊初探-以 2016 年 0206 南台灣地震報導為 例》。國立政治大學傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程碩士學位論文。 蕭仁釗、林耀盛、姜忠信、洪福建、柯書林、吳英璋 (2009)。〈當臨床心理師 遇見「九二一」〉。《應用心理研究》，第 41 期，2009 春，153-173 頁。 楊蕓(2016)。《災難新聞如何建構民眾風險意識—以美濃地震為例》。天主教 輔仁大學社會學系學士論文。 臧國仁(1998)。〈新聞報導與真實建構:新聞框架理論的觀點〉。《傳播研究 集刊》 3 期 (1998 / 12) Pp. 1-102。 外文部分 Adam F. Simon (1997). Television News and International Earthquake Relief. Journal of Communication 47 (3). Summer. 0021-9916/97 Aral, M., ve Tunç, G. (2021). Türkiye’de Deprem Performansına Dayalı Bina Kimlik Bilgilerinin Oluşturulmasına Yönelik Çalışma ve Öneriler. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 4(1), 20-41. Argın, Yeşim (2023). The Use Of Social Media In Natural Disasters: Twitter Example Specially Of 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. Malatya Turgut Ozal University Insanat: Journal of Art Design and Architecture Research Y.2023, Vol.3, No.1, pp.140-165 Balci Ali (2012). A Qualitative Study On Teaching Geographical Features Of Turkey With Descriptive Activities / Türkiye’Nin Coğrafi Konum Özelliklerini Tasvire Dayali Etkinliklerle Öğretmeye Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştirma. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi Sayi: 26, Temmuz - 2012, S. 215-258 İstanbul – Issn:1303-2429 Canbulut Tuğba, Seyitoğlu Mansur, Lale Bedirhan (2023). Document Analysis Of Thesis Titled “Earthquake” In Turkish Social Sciences Graduate Thesis. Akademik Düşünce Dergisi, Sayı: 8, Güz 2023, Issn: 2687-6124, E-Issn: 2718- 0166. Doi: 10.53507/Akademikdusunce.1393497 Celik Varol, M., Varol Erdem (2019). An Overview Of The Concepts And Theories Of Marshall Mcluhan: An Evaluation On The Axis Of Contemporary Dominant Media. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (IntJCSS), June, 2019; 5(1): 137-158 Eldem Anar, Ü., İ. (2021). Sosyal Medya Ortaminda Yer Alan Afet Haberlerinde Etkileşim; İzmir Depremi Örneği. The Turkish Online Journal Of Design Art And Communication, 11 (3), 1129-1147. Elfriede Fursich (2010). Media and the representation of Others Article in International Social Science Journal · March 2010 Erdogan Ilker (2006). Journalistic Comprehensions Of National And Local Newspapers In Turkey: Comparative Analysis Of Earthquake News. Selçuk Iletişim, 4, 3, 2006 Journalism Approaches Of National And Local Newspapers In Turkey... (51-64) Gökmen, E. (2023). A Study on the Appearance of the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake on Social Media. OPUS– Journal of Society Research, 20(55), 576-591. Gözükızıl, C., A., Tezcan, S., (2023), Disasters in Türkiye in the Centenary of the Republic: 06 February 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquakes / Cumhuriyet’in Yüzüncü Yılında Türkiye’de Afetler: 06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri, Kent Akademisi Dergisi 16(Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Turkey):97-114. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1353445 Gürer, G., (2023). “Türkiye’de Yaşanan Büyük Ölçekli Depremler ve Ekonomik Kriz Dönemlerinin, Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin Aldığı Kararlar Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi”. Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 96-114. J. Brian Houston, Joshua Hawthorne, Mildred F. Perreault, Eun Hae Park, Marlo Goldstein Hode, Michael R. Halliwell, Sarah E. Turner McGowen, Rachel Davis, Shivani Vaid, Jonathan A. McElderry, and Stanford A. Griffith (2014). Social media and disasters: a functional framework for social media use in disaster planning, response, and research. 2014 The Author(s). Disasters © Overseas Development Institute, 2014. Jayasekara, P.K. (2019). Role of Facebook as a disaster communication media. International Journal of Emergency Services, 8(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJES-04-2018-0024. M. Li, X. Wu and N. Chao (2022). Exploring the evolution of Chinese earthquake news from the constructive journalism perspective based on Chinese news of 35 significant earthquakes in China from 1966 to 2020. Telematics and Informatics Reports 8 (2022) 100021. Maden, S. (2023). 6 Şubat 2023’te Kahramanmaraş’ta yaşanan depremler ekseninde Türkiye’de deprem haberciliğine bakış: Prof. Dr. Süleyman İrvan ile söyleşi (A look at earthquake journalism in Turkey in the context of the earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023: Interview with Prof. Dr. Süleyman İrvan). Etkileşim, 11, 406-420. Doi: 10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.11.202 Nobuyuki Okumura、Kaori Hayashi、Koji Igarashi、Atsushi Tanaka(2021). Japan’s media fails its watchdog role: Lessons learned and unlearned from the 2011 earthquake and the Fukushima disaster. Journalism 2021, Vol. 22(11) 2675–2691. Sen, Selcuk (2023). " The Effect Of Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes On The Economy / Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinin Ekonomiye Etkisi". Diplomasi ve Strateji Dergisi, c.4 s.1 (2023): 1-55. Sondhi, Vanidha (2021). Psychology And Media - Block 4 Media Representation And Social Behaviour, Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi Su Chiaoning (2012). One earthquake, two tales: narrative analysis of the tenth anniversary coverage of the 921 Earthquake in Taiwan. Media, Culture & Society 34(3) 280–295 Yalcin Enes (2023). Unnatural Consequences Of Natural Disasters: Earthquake Journalism Of Newspapers. Dumlupinar University Journal Of Social Sciences E- ISSN: 2587-005X https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dpusbe Yurdigül, Y., Bayraktar, R. & Çil, S. (2024). A study on Kahramanmaraş Earthquake survivors : “Social media platforms were more effectively used than the traditional media. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 66, 211-229. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2024-1460282 網站部分 Dr. Özlem Kılıc Ekici 2023 年 2 月 6 日地震 https://bilimteknik.tubitak.gov.tr/system/files/makale/6_subat.pdf 2023 年土耳其地震後的恢復重建 https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2023- 02/UNDP%20Turkiye%20Deprem%20Acil%20Cagrisi%20TUR.pdf 2023 年 KAHRAMANMARAŞ 和 HATAY 地震報告 https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Kahramanmaras-ve- Hatay-Depremleri-Raporu.pdf 九月九日大學地震報告 https://haber.deu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/DOKUZ-EYLU%CC%88L- U%CC%88NI%CC%87VERSI%CC%87TESI%CC%87-DEPREM-RAPORU- 1.pdf Gebze 技術大學地震報告 https://www.gtu.edu.tr/fileman/Files/UserFiles/insaat_muhendisligi_bolumu/GT U_Maras%20Depremleri%20Deg%CC%86erlendirme%20Raporu_Final_07.03.2 023.pdf 礦山檢查和勘探總局 地震報告 https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/sayfalar/bilgi- merkezi/deprem/pdf/Genisletilmis_Bilgi_Notu_06_Subat_2023%20KMaras_Dep remleri.pdf 2023 年 2 月 6 日地震性別平等視角下的未來筆記 https://esik.org.tr/s/2547/i/ESIK_DepremRaporu_TCE_BakisAcisindan_Gelece geNotlar.pdf 土耳其發生地震緊急求救 https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central- 1.amazonaws.com/public/docs/T%C3%BCrkiye_Earthquake_FlashAppea%20l _20230223_Turkish%20Version.pdf?VersionId=4A0sdkQ.LR1BZCpXs7i9zZRm m_o2ApZO 中東科技大學-2023 年 2 月 6 日 Kahramanmaraş 地震初步評估報告 https://eerc.metu.edu.tr/tr/system/files/documents/DMAM_2023_Kahramanmara s-Pazarcik_ve_Elbistan_Depremleri_Raporu_TR_final.pdf 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
111464058資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111464058 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 黃葳威 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張小雨 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) DAMLA NUR YAGIZ en_US dc.creator (作者) 張小雨 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) YAGIZ, DAMLA NUR en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Mar-2025 14:51:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Mar-2025 14:51:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Mar-2025 14:51:13 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111464058 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/156052 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111464058 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究檢視了 2023 年土耳其發生大地震後，土耳其媒體如何再現台灣的救 援工作。透過分析 2023 年 2 月至 11 月期間發布的 34 篇網路新聞文章，我評 估了台灣搜救隊的代表性。本研究基於媒體再現理論，研究了新聞中使用的語言、 視覺效果和敘事框架。 本論文發現，土耳其媒體普遍在團結、合作、專業知識的框架中報導台灣。 本研究採用了文本分析方法。此方法用於確定新聞中重複出現哪些字詞和敘述模 式、優先選擇哪些圖像以及突出哪些主題。研究發現，新聞報導，尤其是包含「英 雄敘事」的報導，強調了台灣隊的犧牲和勇氣。視覺分析顯示，新聞報導中使用 的照片經常展示台灣隊伍積極救援和救生的姿態。 這項研究對於了解媒體如何呈現災後援助以及此類新聞對人們的影響具有 重要意義。看來，台土兩國長期以來的互助關係，因這次地震而復活了。媒體的 新聞基調、詞語的選擇以及視覺效果的運用對國家間關係產生了間接的影響。研 究運用媒體再現理論和文本分析，揭示了不同文化背景的人們在災難時刻如何走 到一起以及如何合作。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines how Taiwan’s rescue efforts were reproduced in the Turkish media following the 2023 major earthquake in Turkey. By analyzing 34 online news articles published between February and November 2023, I assess the representation of Taiwan’s search and rescue teams. This study examines the language, visuals, and narrative frames used in the news based on media representation theory. This study found that Turkish media generally report Taiwan within the framework of solidarity, cooperation, and expertise. This study adopted text analysis method. This method is used to determine which words and narrative patterns appear repeatedly in the news, which images are prioritized, and which topics are highlighted. The study found that news reports, especially those containing "hero narratives," emphasized the sacrifice and courage of the Taiwanese team. Visual analysis shows that photos used in news reports often show Taiwanese team actively performing rescue and lifesaving actions. This study has important implications for understanding how the media presents post-disaster aid and the impact of such news on people. It seems that the long-standing mutual assistance relationship between Taiwan and Turkey has been revived by this earthquake. The tone of news, word choice, and use of visuals by the media have an indirect impact on relations between countries. The study uses media representation theory and text analysis to reveal how people from different cultural backgrounds come together and narrate their collaboration in times of disaster. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機與問題 5 第三節 研究範圍與名詞釋義 10 第二章 文獻探討 13 第一節 土耳其地理資訊 14 第二節 災難新聞的傳播媒介 19 第三節 土耳其媒體的災難研究 22 第四節 媒體再現理論 26 第五節 2023 年土耳其的網路使用與數位新聞 33 第三章 研究方法 36 第一節 文本分析法 38 第二節 研究對象 42 第三節 研究架構與新聞文本分類 45 第四章 新聞論述分析 51 第一節 地震當月的新聞分析 55 第二節 地震發生當年的新聞分析 81 第五章 結論、討論與建議 88 第一節 結論與討論 88 第二節 研究限制與建議 97 參考文獻 101 zh_TW dc.format.extent 34764166 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111464058 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地震 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 土耳其媒體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新聞報導 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 媒體再現 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Earthquake en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Turkish Media en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) News Reports en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Media Representation en_US dc.title (題名) 2023年土耳其大地震的台灣再現：以土耳其網路新聞為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Taiwan's Representation of the 2023 Turkish Earthquake: A Case Study of Turkish Online News en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻 中文部分 吳玟誼(2022)。《新冠肺炎情下媒體如何再現移工樣貌》。國立政治大學傳播學 院傳播碩士學位學程碩士學位論文。 徐明貞(2013)。《921 地震的新聞報導與災難書寫》。國立中興大學中國文學研 究所碩士學位論文。 陳人卿、吳昱龍、劉晏余、吳秉儒、林佳瑩(2018)。地震引致台北都會區重要 設施衝擊境分析-以大阪北部地震反思台灣地震災害。臺灣災害管理研討會,， 2018，2018。 林照真(2013)。〈台灣電視新聞之災難報導:以「莫拉克」風災為例〉。《新 聞學研究》，(115)，2013。 張錦華(1994)。《傳播判斷理論》。台北:黎明文化。 賴彥竹(2019)。《災難新聞中的防災資訊初探-以 2016 年 0206 南台灣地震報導為 例》。國立政治大學傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程碩士學位論文。 蕭仁釗、林耀盛、姜忠信、洪福建、柯書林、吳英璋 (2009)。〈當臨床心理師 遇見「九二一」〉。《應用心理研究》，第 41 期，2009 春，153-173 頁。 楊蕓(2016)。《災難新聞如何建構民眾風險意識—以美濃地震為例》。天主教 輔仁大學社會學系學士論文。 臧國仁(1998)。〈新聞報導與真實建構:新聞框架理論的觀點〉。《傳播研究 集刊》 3 期 (1998 / 12) Pp. 1-102。 外文部分 Adam F. Simon (1997). Television News and International Earthquake Relief. Journal of Communication 47 (3). Summer. 0021-9916/97 Aral, M., ve Tunç, G. (2021). Türkiye’de Deprem Performansına Dayalı Bina Kimlik Bilgilerinin Oluşturulmasına Yönelik Çalışma ve Öneriler. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 4(1), 20-41. Argın, Yeşim (2023). The Use Of Social Media In Natural Disasters: Twitter Example Specially Of 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. Malatya Turgut Ozal University Insanat: Journal of Art Design and Architecture Research Y.2023, Vol.3, No.1, pp.140-165 Balci Ali (2012). A Qualitative Study On Teaching Geographical Features Of Turkey With Descriptive Activities / Türkiye’Nin Coğrafi Konum Özelliklerini Tasvire Dayali Etkinliklerle Öğretmeye Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştirma. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi Sayi: 26, Temmuz - 2012, S. 215-258 İstanbul – Issn:1303-2429 Canbulut Tuğba, Seyitoğlu Mansur, Lale Bedirhan (2023). Document Analysis Of Thesis Titled “Earthquake” In Turkish Social Sciences Graduate Thesis. Akademik Düşünce Dergisi, Sayı: 8, Güz 2023, Issn: 2687-6124, E-Issn: 2718- 0166. Doi: 10.53507/Akademikdusunce.1393497 Celik Varol, M., Varol Erdem (2019). An Overview Of The Concepts And Theories Of Marshall Mcluhan: An Evaluation On The Axis Of Contemporary Dominant Media. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (IntJCSS), June, 2019; 5(1): 137-158 Eldem Anar, Ü., İ. (2021). Sosyal Medya Ortaminda Yer Alan Afet Haberlerinde Etkileşim; İzmir Depremi Örneği. The Turkish Online Journal Of Design Art And Communication, 11 (3), 1129-1147. Elfriede Fursich (2010). Media and the representation of Others Article in International Social Science Journal · March 2010 Erdogan Ilker (2006). Journalistic Comprehensions Of National And Local Newspapers In Turkey: Comparative Analysis Of Earthquake News. Selçuk Iletişim, 4, 3, 2006 Journalism Approaches Of National And Local Newspapers In Turkey... (51-64) Gökmen, E. (2023). 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