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題名 Detecting reading orders with block-based models for OCR for classical Chinese documents: Concepts and demonstrations
作者 劉昭麟
Liu, Chao-Lin;Ma, Hsing-Yuan;Huang, Hen-Hsen
貢獻者 資訊系
關鍵詞 Reading order detection; Pairwise sorting; Document layout analysis; Multimodal representation; Archival document processing
日期 2025-09
上傳時間 27-五月-2025 11:09:37 (UTC+8)
摘要 Texts, printed or written, are the most important form of cultural preservation. This is true for Chinese studies and many cultures. For this reason, optical character recognition (OCR) is one of the most important tools for heritage preservation. With OCR and reading order detection (ROD), we convert the information in their hard-copy forms to digitized documents, allowing both lasting storage and further analysis. Given a page image, the step of ROD helps us determine the order of the texts on the page. An effective ROD reduces the cost of post-OCR human labor for correction. Rule-based and n-gram models are conceivable and popular techniques for implementing ROD, considering the coordinates and the alternative orders of the individually detected characters. In this paper, we report a block-based approach that does not rely on the n-gram techniques for ROD. Instead, we identified the text blocks, and ordered the blocks based on the ideas of learning-to-rank, and concatenated the texts within the blocks by their orders. We evaluated our approach on the MTHv2 dataset. Experimental results show that our approach achieved impressive results, reducing the position error rate (PER) to 5.4%, compared to 61.7% for heuristic methods and 56.5% for MLP, representing a significant improvement of 91.3% and 90.4%, respectively. Additional experiments show that we could have used less data than one might expect to achieve a satisfactory quality of ROD. We implemented and demonstrated a fully functioning prototype at a recent AAAI conference. The actual performance of the prototype provides solid evidence of the effectiveness and extensibility of our design to more general contexts, e.g., Japanese texts.
關聯 Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol.84, pp.39375–39397
資料類型 article
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-20736-y
dc.contributor 資訊系-
dc.creator (作者) 劉昭麟-
dc.creator (作者) Liu, Chao-Lin;Ma, Hsing-Yuan;Huang, Hen-Hsen-
dc.date (日期) 2025-09-
dc.date.accessioned 27-五月-2025 11:09:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 27-五月-2025 11:09:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 27-五月-2025 11:09:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/157108-
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Texts, printed or written, are the most important form of cultural preservation. This is true for Chinese studies and many cultures. For this reason, optical character recognition (OCR) is one of the most important tools for heritage preservation. With OCR and reading order detection (ROD), we convert the information in their hard-copy forms to digitized documents, allowing both lasting storage and further analysis. Given a page image, the step of ROD helps us determine the order of the texts on the page. An effective ROD reduces the cost of post-OCR human labor for correction. Rule-based and n-gram models are conceivable and popular techniques for implementing ROD, considering the coordinates and the alternative orders of the individually detected characters. In this paper, we report a block-based approach that does not rely on the n-gram techniques for ROD. Instead, we identified the text blocks, and ordered the blocks based on the ideas of learning-to-rank, and concatenated the texts within the blocks by their orders. We evaluated our approach on the MTHv2 dataset. Experimental results show that our approach achieved impressive results, reducing the position error rate (PER) to 5.4%, compared to 61.7% for heuristic methods and 56.5% for MLP, representing a significant improvement of 91.3% and 90.4%, respectively. Additional experiments show that we could have used less data than one might expect to achieve a satisfactory quality of ROD. We implemented and demonstrated a fully functioning prototype at a recent AAAI conference. The actual performance of the prototype provides solid evidence of the effectiveness and extensibility of our design to more general contexts, e.g., Japanese texts.-
dc.format.extent 106 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype text/html-
dc.relation (關聯) Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol.84, pp.39375–39397-
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Reading order detection; Pairwise sorting; Document layout analysis; Multimodal representation; Archival document processing-
dc.title (題名) Detecting reading orders with block-based models for OCR for classical Chinese documents: Concepts and demonstrations-
dc.type (資料類型) article-
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.1007/s11042-025-20736-y-
dc.doi.uri (DOI) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-20736-y-