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題名 經顱直流電刺激對皮質區神經傳導物質的影響
The effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the cortical neurotransmitter level
作者 張郁傑
Chang, Yu-Chieh
貢獻者 蔡尚岳
Tsai, Shang-Yueh
張郁傑
Chang, Yu-Chieh
關鍵詞 經顱直流電刺激
γ-胺基丁酸
磁共振頻譜
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
日期 2025
上傳時間 2-Jun-2025 14:43:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在探討經顱直流電刺激(tDCS)對成人大腦γ-胺基丁酸(GABA)濃度的短期和長期之影響。隨著tDCS在神經科學領域中的廣泛應用，了解其對大腦神經傳導物質的影響至關重要。研究中，陽極電極放置於左腦初級運動皮層，陰極放置於右腦前額葉皮質，並使用磁共振頻譜(MRS)技術掃描大腦，以觀察GABA濃度的變化，MRS掃描數據通過MEGA-PRESS編輯序列獲得，隨後使用MATLAB內的Gannet套件進行MRS數據處理和分析的步驟。受試者被分為陽極刺激組和假刺激組，而陽極刺激組還進一步細分為Top組和Bottom組，Top和Bottom組的區別在於電流的流動方向，雖然兩組的陽極電極都放置於左側初級運動皮層(M1)，但電線的佈置方式有所不同，Top組的電線安排使得電流從上方流向大腦皮層表層，而Bottom組的電線安排則使電流從下方流向大腦皮層，目的是要探討不同電流流向的效果。研究結果顯示，tDCS在短期內顯著提升了GABA濃度，尤其在Top組和右側大腦中效果更為顯著。然而，長期觀察顯示，GABA濃度逐漸回到初始水平，暗示短期影響並未持續，這些發現為未來tDCS應用的研究提供了重要參考。
This study aims to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the adult brain. With the extensive application of tDCS in the field of neuroscience, understanding its impact on neurotransmitter levels is crucial. In this research, the anodal electrode was placed over the left primary motor cortex (M1), while the cathodal electrode was positioned on the right prefrontal cortex. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was employed to measure changes in GABA concentrations, with MRS data acquired using the MEGA-PRESS editing sequence and analyzed through the Gannet toolbox in MATLAB. Participants were divided into anodal stimulation and sham groups, and the anodal stimulation group was further subdivided into Top and Bottom groups. The distinction between the Top and Bottom groups was based on the direction of current flow.While the anodal electrode in both subgroups was placed on the left M1, the electrode wire arrangement differed: the Top group directed the current from above the cortical surface, and the Bottom group directed it from below. The goal was to explore the effects of varying current directions. Results revealed that tDCS significantly increased GABA concentrations in the short term, particularly in the Top group and in the right hemisphere. However, long-term observations indicated that GABA levels gradually returned to baseline, suggesting that short-term effects were not sustained. These findings provide critical insights for future research into tDCS applications.
參考文獻 [1] Brunoni, A. R., Nitsche, M. A., Bolognini, N., Bikson, M., Wagner, T., Merabet, L., Edwards, D. J., Valero-Cabré, A., Rotenberg, A., Pascual-Leone, A., Ferrucci, R., Priori, A., Boggio, P. S., & Fregni, F. (2012). Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): Challenges and future directions. Brain Stimulation, 5(3), 175–195. [2] Yook, S. W., Park, S. H., Seo, J. H., Kim, S. J., & Ko, M. H. (2011). Suppression of seizure by cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in an epileptic patient – A case report. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 35(4), 579–582. [3] Kuo, M. F., & Nitsche, M. A. (2012). Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation on cognition. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 43(3), 192–199. [4] Bachtiar, V., Near, J., Johansen-Berg, H., & Stagg, C. J. (2015). Modulation of GABA and resting state functional connectivity by transcranial direct current stimulation. eLife, 4, e08789. [5] Stagg, C. J., & Nitsche, M. A. (2011). Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. The Neuroscientist, 17(1), 37–53. [6] Luscher, B., Shen, Q., & Sahir, N. (2011). The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(4), 383–406. [7] Nemeroff, C. B. (2003). The role of GABA in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 37(4), 133–146. [8] Treiman, D. M. (2001). GABAergic mechanisms in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 42(Suppl. 3), 8–12. [9] Lu, J., Sherman, D., Devor, M., & Saper, C. B. (2006). A putative flip-flop switch for control of REM sleep. Nature, 441(7093), 589–594. [10] Tiagabine: efficacy and safety in partial seizures – current status. (2008). Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 4(2), 15–23. [11] Zhang, Y., Shen, J., & Lin, Y. (2018). Simultaneous Measurement of Glutamate, Glutamine, GABA, and Glutathione by Spectral Editing Without Subtraction. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 80(5), 1378–1389 [12] Mullins, P. G., McGonigle, D. J., O’Gorman, R. L., Puts, N. A. J., Vidyasagar, R., Evans, C. J., Edden, R. A. E., & the GABA-MRS Consortium. (2014). Current practice in the use of MEGA-PRESS spectroscopy for the detection of GABA. NeuroImage, 86, 43–52. [13] Tremblay, S., Beaulé, V., Lepage, J.-F., & Théoret, H. (2013). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation modulates GABAB-related intracortical inhibition in the M1 of healthy individuals. NeuroReport, 24(1), 46–50. [14] Kim, S., Stephenson, M. C., Morris, P. G., & Jackson, S. R. (2014). tDCS-induced alterations in GABA concentration within primary motor cortex predict motor learning and motor memory: A 7 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. NeuroImage, 99, 237–243. [15] Edden, R. A., et al. (2014). Gannet: A batch-processing tool for GABA-edited MR spectroscopy. NeuroImage, 61(4), 1123-1132. [16] Nachar, N. (2008). The Mann-Whitney U: A test for assessing whether two independent samples come from the same distribution. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4(1), 13-20. [17] Stagg, C. J., Bachtiar, V., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2011). The role of GABA in human motor learning. Current Biology, 21(6), 480–484.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用物理研究所
110755007
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110755007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蔡尚岳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Shang-Yuehen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張郁傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Yu-Chiehen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張郁傑zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Yu-Chiehen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Jun-2025 14:43:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Jun-2025 14:43:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Jun-2025 14:43:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110755007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/157226-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 應用物理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110755007zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在探討經顱直流電刺激(tDCS)對成人大腦γ-胺基丁酸(GABA)濃度的短期和長期之影響。隨著tDCS在神經科學領域中的廣泛應用，了解其對大腦神經傳導物質的影響至關重要。研究中，陽極電極放置於左腦初級運動皮層，陰極放置於右腦前額葉皮質，並使用磁共振頻譜(MRS)技術掃描大腦，以觀察GABA濃度的變化，MRS掃描數據通過MEGA-PRESS編輯序列獲得，隨後使用MATLAB內的Gannet套件進行MRS數據處理和分析的步驟。受試者被分為陽極刺激組和假刺激組，而陽極刺激組還進一步細分為Top組和Bottom組，Top和Bottom組的區別在於電流的流動方向，雖然兩組的陽極電極都放置於左側初級運動皮層(M1)，但電線的佈置方式有所不同，Top組的電線安排使得電流從上方流向大腦皮層表層，而Bottom組的電線安排則使電流從下方流向大腦皮層，目的是要探討不同電流流向的效果。研究結果顯示，tDCS在短期內顯著提升了GABA濃度，尤其在Top組和右側大腦中效果更為顯著。然而，長期觀察顯示，GABA濃度逐漸回到初始水平，暗示短期影響並未持續，這些發現為未來tDCS應用的研究提供了重要參考。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study aims to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the adult brain. With the extensive application of tDCS in the field of neuroscience, understanding its impact on neurotransmitter levels is crucial. In this research, the anodal electrode was placed over the left primary motor cortex (M1), while the cathodal electrode was positioned on the right prefrontal cortex. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was employed to measure changes in GABA concentrations, with MRS data acquired using the MEGA-PRESS editing sequence and analyzed through the Gannet toolbox in MATLAB. Participants were divided into anodal stimulation and sham groups, and the anodal stimulation group was further subdivided into Top and Bottom groups. The distinction between the Top and Bottom groups was based on the direction of current flow.While the anodal electrode in both subgroups was placed on the left M1, the electrode wire arrangement differed: the Top group directed the current from above the cortical surface, and the Bottom group directed it from below. The goal was to explore the effects of varying current directions. Results revealed that tDCS significantly increased GABA concentrations in the short term, particularly in the Top group and in the right hemisphere. However, long-term observations indicated that GABA levels gradually returned to baseline, suggesting that short-term effects were not sustained. These findings provide critical insights for future research into tDCS applications.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 1 Abstract 2 目錄 3 表目錄 5 圖目錄 6 第一章 緒論 7 1.1 經顱直流電刺激 7 1.2 γ-胺基丁酸(GABA) 8 1.3 磁共振頻譜(MRS) 8 1.4 研究動機 9 第二章 研究方法與步驟 11 2.1 實驗對象 11 2.2 實驗流程 11 2.3 磁共振頻譜(MRS)掃描 12 2.4 經顱直流電刺激(tDCS) 14 2.5 MRS數據分析 18 2.6 數據品質控制 21 2.7 統計分析 24 第三章 研究結果 25 3.1 數據篩選結果 25 3.2 tDCS vs Sham (GABA/Cr) 27 3.3 tDCS vs Sham (GABA_corr) 29 3.4 tDCS-T vs tDCS-B vs Sham (GABA/Cr) 31 3.5 tDCS-T vs tDCS-B vs Sham (GABA_corr) 33 第四章 結論 35 4.1 短期影響 35 4.2 長期影響 35 4.3 電極配置影響 36 4.4 對側影響 37 參考文獻 38zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1530242 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110755007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經顱直流電刺激zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) γ-胺基丁酸zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 磁共振頻譜zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Transcranial Direct Current Stimulationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gamma-aminobutyric aciden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Magnetic resonance spectroscopyen_US
dc.title (題名) 經顱直流電刺激對皮質區神經傳導物質的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the cortical neurotransmitter levelen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] Brunoni, A. R., Nitsche, M. A., Bolognini, N., Bikson, M., Wagner, T., Merabet, L., Edwards, D. J., Valero-Cabré, A., Rotenberg, A., Pascual-Leone, A., Ferrucci, R., Priori, A., Boggio, P. S., & Fregni, F. (2012). Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): Challenges and future directions. Brain Stimulation, 5(3), 175–195. [2] Yook, S. W., Park, S. H., Seo, J. H., Kim, S. J., & Ko, M. H. (2011). Suppression of seizure by cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in an epileptic patient – A case report. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 35(4), 579–582. [3] Kuo, M. F., & Nitsche, M. A. (2012). Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation on cognition. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 43(3), 192–199. [4] Bachtiar, V., Near, J., Johansen-Berg, H., & Stagg, C. J. (2015). Modulation of GABA and resting state functional connectivity by transcranial direct current stimulation. eLife, 4, e08789. [5] Stagg, C. J., & Nitsche, M. A. (2011). Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. The Neuroscientist, 17(1), 37–53. [6] Luscher, B., Shen, Q., & Sahir, N. (2011). The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(4), 383–406. [7] Nemeroff, C. B. (2003). The role of GABA in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 37(4), 133–146. [8] Treiman, D. M. (2001). GABAergic mechanisms in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 42(Suppl. 3), 8–12. [9] Lu, J., Sherman, D., Devor, M., & Saper, C. B. (2006). A putative flip-flop switch for control of REM sleep. Nature, 441(7093), 589–594. [10] Tiagabine: efficacy and safety in partial seizures – current status. (2008). Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 4(2), 15–23. [11] Zhang, Y., Shen, J., & Lin, Y. (2018). Simultaneous Measurement of Glutamate, Glutamine, GABA, and Glutathione by Spectral Editing Without Subtraction. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 80(5), 1378–1389 [12] Mullins, P. G., McGonigle, D. J., O’Gorman, R. L., Puts, N. A. J., Vidyasagar, R., Evans, C. J., Edden, R. A. E., & the GABA-MRS Consortium. (2014). Current practice in the use of MEGA-PRESS spectroscopy for the detection of GABA. NeuroImage, 86, 43–52. [13] Tremblay, S., Beaulé, V., Lepage, J.-F., & Théoret, H. (2013). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation modulates GABAB-related intracortical inhibition in the M1 of healthy individuals. NeuroReport, 24(1), 46–50. [14] Kim, S., Stephenson, M. C., Morris, P. G., & Jackson, S. R. (2014). tDCS-induced alterations in GABA concentration within primary motor cortex predict motor learning and motor memory: A 7 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. NeuroImage, 99, 237–243. [15] Edden, R. A., et al. (2014). Gannet: A batch-processing tool for GABA-edited MR spectroscopy. NeuroImage, 61(4), 1123-1132. [16] Nachar, N. (2008). The Mann-Whitney U: A test for assessing whether two independent samples come from the same distribution. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4(1), 13-20. [17] Stagg, C. J., Bachtiar, V., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2011). The role of GABA in human motor learning. Current Biology, 21(6), 480–484.zh_TW