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題名 森林碳抵換專案下原住民族之利益共享機制
Benefit-Sharing Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples in Forest Carbon Offset Projects
作者 陳楷勛
Chen, Kai-Xun
貢獻者 施文真
Shih, Wen-Chen
陳楷勛
Chen, Kai-Xun
關鍵詞 碳權
森林碳抵換專案
REDD+
原住民族權利保障
利益共享機制
Carbon rights
Forest carbon offset projects
REDD+
Protection of indigenous peoples’ rights
Benefit-sharing mechanism
日期 2025
上傳時間 1-Jul-2025 14:36:31 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著全球對氣候變遷議題的關注日益加深，許多國家透過簽訂國際條約或協議以因應氣候變遷，部分國家甚至透過碳排放交易制度作為減少溫室氣體排放量之措施。在減少溫室氣體排放量上，森林作為自然碳匯，並在其中扮演關鍵角色。為發揮森林固碳功能，國際間逐步發展森林碳抵換專案，期望透過減少毀林與增加森林固碳等措施，進而達到減排目標，同時希望能透過執行碳抵換專案產生可交易之碳抵換額度以獲取經濟上利益。然而，森林向來與原住民（族）之生活、文化緊密相連，森林碳抵換專案的推行往往牽涉原住民（族）的森林土地權利與自然資源使用權，對其財產權與參與權產生重大影響。 儘管國際間已透過多項法律文件保障原住民（族）權利，但是實務上仍有許多在執行森林碳抵換專案中未能落實保障規範，同時缺乏有效的利益分配與利益補償制度，導致原住民（族）在專案中處於邊緣化地位、無法公平分享專案利益，甚至承受負面影響。對此，本文之研究目的在於透過利益共享機制，瞭解其主要功能是否保障原住民（族）於森林碳抵換專案中所受之權利以及侵害之彌補，並藉由實務專案之執行瞭解原住民（族）之權利爭議，並以REDD+專案之利益共享機制為例進一步分析該機制是否能作為原住民（族）權利保障之制度工具。 本文於進行文獻回顧後得出，利益共享機制之核心要件包括定義利益、確定受益者、利益分配依據、利益分配模式、問責制度、以及保障措施。至於能否從此些要件保障或彌補原住民（族）於專案中所受損之權利與利益，經本文研究後發現，若能於制度設計時將原住民（族）之財產權、參與權納入考量，並建立明確且具透明度之分配與監督機制，則利益共享機制確實有潛力作為彌補與保障原住民（族）權益之重要工具。
With the growing global concern over climate change, many countries have responded by signing international treaties and agreements, and some have adopted carbon emissions trading systems as a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among the various mitigation strategies, forests—functioning as natural carbon sinks—play a critical role. To enhance the carbon sequestration function of forests, nations have developed forest carbon offset projects, aiming to achieve emission reduction targets through measures such as reducing deforestation and enhancing forest carbon stocks. At the same time, these projects seek to generate tradable carbon offset credits, thereby creating economic incentives. However, forests have long been connected to the lives and cultures of indigenous peoples. The development of forest carbon offset projects often implicates indigenous peoples’ rights to forest lands and natural resource use, significantly affecting their property rights and participatory rights. Although the international law contains numerous legal instruments that safeguard indigenous rights. In practice, however, many forest carbon offset projects still fail to implement these regulations. Besides, lacks of effective benefit-sharing and compensation mechanisms contributes to the marginalization of indigenous peoples. Moreover, these peoples are frequently excluded from participation and benefit-sharing and may even suffer adverse impacts from such projects. In response to this issue, this study aims to explore whether benefit-sharing mechanisms can serve as an institutional tool to safeguard indigenous rights and provide remedies for rights infringements arising from forest carbon offset projects. From practical projects, this study also explores the disputes concerning indigenous peoples’ rights. Meanwhile, the benefit-sharing mechanism of REDD+ project serves as the case study, and the analysis seeks to assess that such mechanism can effectively protect indigenous rights. Through the literature review, this study identifies the core elements of benefit-sharing mechanisms, including the definition of benefits, identification of beneficiaries, basis and models for benefit distribution, accountability systems, and protective measures. With regard to whether these elements can safeguard or remedy infringements of indigenous rights and interests within such projects, this study finds that if indigenous peoples’ property rights and participatory rights are incorporated at the design stage, and transparent distribution or mechanisms are established, benefit-sharing mechanisms will be a potential tool for remedying and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
110351047
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110351047
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 施文真zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Shih, Wen-Chenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳楷勛zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Kai-Xunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳楷勛zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Kai-Xunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2025 14:36:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2025 14:36:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2025 14:36:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110351047en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/157733-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110351047zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著全球對氣候變遷議題的關注日益加深，許多國家透過簽訂國際條約或協議以因應氣候變遷，部分國家甚至透過碳排放交易制度作為減少溫室氣體排放量之措施。在減少溫室氣體排放量上，森林作為自然碳匯，並在其中扮演關鍵角色。為發揮森林固碳功能，國際間逐步發展森林碳抵換專案，期望透過減少毀林與增加森林固碳等措施，進而達到減排目標，同時希望能透過執行碳抵換專案產生可交易之碳抵換額度以獲取經濟上利益。然而，森林向來與原住民（族）之生活、文化緊密相連，森林碳抵換專案的推行往往牽涉原住民（族）的森林土地權利與自然資源使用權，對其財產權與參與權產生重大影響。 儘管國際間已透過多項法律文件保障原住民（族）權利，但是實務上仍有許多在執行森林碳抵換專案中未能落實保障規範，同時缺乏有效的利益分配與利益補償制度，導致原住民（族）在專案中處於邊緣化地位、無法公平分享專案利益，甚至承受負面影響。對此，本文之研究目的在於透過利益共享機制，瞭解其主要功能是否保障原住民（族）於森林碳抵換專案中所受之權利以及侵害之彌補，並藉由實務專案之執行瞭解原住民（族）之權利爭議，並以REDD+專案之利益共享機制為例進一步分析該機制是否能作為原住民（族）權利保障之制度工具。 本文於進行文獻回顧後得出，利益共享機制之核心要件包括定義利益、確定受益者、利益分配依據、利益分配模式、問責制度、以及保障措施。至於能否從此些要件保障或彌補原住民（族）於專案中所受損之權利與利益，經本文研究後發現，若能於制度設計時將原住民（族）之財產權、參與權納入考量，並建立明確且具透明度之分配與監督機制，則利益共享機制確實有潛力作為彌補與保障原住民（族）權益之重要工具。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) With the growing global concern over climate change, many countries have responded by signing international treaties and agreements, and some have adopted carbon emissions trading systems as a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among the various mitigation strategies, forests—functioning as natural carbon sinks—play a critical role. To enhance the carbon sequestration function of forests, nations have developed forest carbon offset projects, aiming to achieve emission reduction targets through measures such as reducing deforestation and enhancing forest carbon stocks. At the same time, these projects seek to generate tradable carbon offset credits, thereby creating economic incentives. However, forests have long been connected to the lives and cultures of indigenous peoples. The development of forest carbon offset projects often implicates indigenous peoples’ rights to forest lands and natural resource use, significantly affecting their property rights and participatory rights. Although the international law contains numerous legal instruments that safeguard indigenous rights. In practice, however, many forest carbon offset projects still fail to implement these regulations. Besides, lacks of effective benefit-sharing and compensation mechanisms contributes to the marginalization of indigenous peoples. Moreover, these peoples are frequently excluded from participation and benefit-sharing and may even suffer adverse impacts from such projects. In response to this issue, this study aims to explore whether benefit-sharing mechanisms can serve as an institutional tool to safeguard indigenous rights and provide remedies for rights infringements arising from forest carbon offset projects. From practical projects, this study also explores the disputes concerning indigenous peoples’ rights. Meanwhile, the benefit-sharing mechanism of REDD+ project serves as the case study, and the analysis seeks to assess that such mechanism can effectively protect indigenous rights. Through the literature review, this study identifies the core elements of benefit-sharing mechanisms, including the definition of benefits, identification of beneficiaries, basis and models for benefit distribution, accountability systems, and protective measures. With regard to whether these elements can safeguard or remedy infringements of indigenous rights and interests within such projects, this study finds that if indigenous peoples’ property rights and participatory rights are incorporated at the design stage, and transparent distribution or mechanisms are established, benefit-sharing mechanisms will be a potential tool for remedying and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 中英文翻譯與縮寫對照表 ix 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 研究方法、範圍與限制 2 第三節 研究架構 4 第二章 森林碳抵換專案之介紹 6 第一節 碳抵換機制之基本概念 6 第一項 碳抵換機制之緣由 6 第二項 碳抵換額度之認定 8 第二節 碳抵換方案之概況 8 第一項 碳抵換方案之類型 9 第二項 碳抵換方案實施流程—以CDM為例 11 第三節 森林碳抵換專案之說明 17 第一項 森林碳抵換專案之類型 18 第二項 森林碳抵換專案之要件 20 第四節 小結 23 第三章 森林碳抵換專案與原住民族之權利保障 25 第一節 國際上保障原住民族於森林碳抵換專案的權利之可能依據 26 第一項 原住民族之財產權保障 27 第一款 固有財產權 27 第二款 利益共享 28 第二項 原住民族之參與權保障 30 第一款 聯合國原住民族權利宣言（UNDRIP） 30 第二款 生物多樣性公約（CBD） 31 第三款 經濟、社會與文化權利國際公約（ICESCR） 32 第四款 國際勞工組織第169號公約（ILO Convention No. 169） 32 第五款 消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約（ICERD） 33 第二節 原住民族受森林碳抵換專案影響之權利類型 35 第一項 森林土地權利 36 第一款 森林土地之權利類型 37 第二款 森林土地權利之現況與原住民族之爭議 40 第二項 森林碳相關權利之所有權 41 第一款 碳相關權利之基本概念 41 第二款 森林碳相關權利之種類 42 第三款 森林碳相關權利之權源與原住民族之爭議 45 第三項 自由、事先與知情同意權 47 第一款 自由、事先與知情同意權之基本概念 48 第二款 自由、事先與知情同意權之要件 49 第三款 自由、事先與知情同意權之國內立法與原住民族之爭議 51 第三節 小結 56 第四章 利益共享機制 58 第一節 利益共享機制之基本概念 58 第一項 建立利益共享機制之緣由 59 第二項 利益共享機制之核心要件 60 第二節 利益共享機制之細節要件—以REDD+專案為例 62 第一項 定義利益 62 第二項 確定受益者 64 第三項 利益分配依據 65 第一款 國家憲法 65 第二款 國家法規 66 第三款 契約訂定 67 第四項 利益分配模式 67 第一款 垂直利益共享機制 68 第二款 平行利益共享機制 76 第五項 問責制度 77 第一款 公眾參與 77 第二款 透明度 78 第六項 保障措施 79 第三節 小結 80 第五章 從利益共享機制之要件分析原住民族於森林碳抵換專案中之權利保障 81 第一節 對原住民族財產權之保障 82 第一項 清楚界定利益類型與權利歸屬 83 第二項 將財產權納入作為利益共享計算基礎 84 第三項 利益分配模式作為財產權保障之建議 85 第一款 垂直利益共享機制 85 第二款 平行利益共享機制 87 第四項 設立利益共享與財產權登記之整合機制 88 第二節 對原住民族參與權之保障 89 第一項 問責制度作為原住民族參與權之保障 90 第一款 決策透明與外部監督之程序性保障 90 第二款 公眾參與機制與自由、事先與知情同意權之互動關係 91 第三款 強化對資源分配之監督能力 91 第四款 資訊公開之具體制度設計建議 92 第二項 保障機制作為原住民族參與權之保障 93 第一款 法律途徑作為參與權之救濟保障 93 第二款 爭端解決機制作為參與權的程序保障 94 第三節 利益共享之依據與制度保障 94 第一項 憲法作為利益共享之根本法源 95 第二項 法律規範作為利益共享之具體依據 96 第三項 契約訂定作為缺乏成文法時之補充機制 96 第四項 彈性制度之設計以回應依據不足與制度落差 97 第四節 小結 99 第六章 結論 101 參考文獻 105zh_TW
dc.format.extent 4588911 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110351047en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 碳權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 森林碳抵換專案zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) REDD+zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 原住民族權利保障zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 利益共享機制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Carbon rightsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Forest carbon offset projectsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) REDD+en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Protection of indigenous peoples’ rightsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Benefit-sharing mechanismen_US
dc.title (題名) 森林碳抵換專案下原住民族之利益共享機制zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Benefit-Sharing Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples in Forest Carbon Offset Projectsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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