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題名 暗黑模式之管制規範研究
Regulating Dark Patterns作者 陳昀均
Chen, Yun-Jyun貢獻者 劉定基
陳昀均
Chen,Yun-Jyun關鍵詞 暗黑模式
欺騙性設計
操縱
介面設計
消費者保護
個人資料保護
數位管制
自主
Dark patterns
Deceptive design
Manipulation
Interface Design
Consumer Protection
Data Protection
Digital Regulation
Autonomy日期 2025 上傳時間 1-Jul-2025 15:14:38 (UTC+8) 摘要 暗黑模式係指以介面設計的選擇架構操控使用者行為的伎倆，廣泛應用於電子商務平台、社群媒體與應用程式等數位服務中。此伎倆對個人資料保護、消費自主決策及消費者權益造成損害，亦對市場競爭造成影響。本文藉由探討「暗黑模式」（Dark Patterns）對使用者權益與社會整體所造成之影響，並分析各國對其法制化監管之現況後，提出對我國對暗黑模式管制的建議。 首先釐清暗黑模式及相似概念間的定義，並整理各領域學者與監管機構其多元分類方式。接著，透過文獻資料與實證研究指出暗黑模式廣泛存在且具高度影響力，並以認知心理學為基礎，說明有效操控使用者行為的原理機制。基此，本文論證暗黑模式不僅對個人與社會層面造成多重損害，且強調管制有助於減少隱私悖論發生及行為市場失靈現象，故須透過立法管制以修復市場機制並提升整體社會福祉。 在具有立法管制的必要下，本文進一步分析目前歐盟與美國已逐步透過消費者保護、資料保護與競爭法等規範面向，作為我國未來立法管制的參考依據。最後，本文主張建立明確的法律規範與執行機制，並提出我國未來立法可能面臨的挑戰，期未來能有效且完整回應數位時代所帶來的挑戰。
Dark patterns refer to deceptive interface design strategies that manipulate user behavior through choice architecture, and are widely implemented across digital services such as e-commerce platforms, social media, and mobile applications. These practices undermine personal data protection, informed consumer decision-making, and consumer rights, while also posing threats to fair market competition. This thesis examines the impact of dark patterns on individual rights and societal welfare, and analyzes the current state of legal regulation in various jurisdictions, ultimately providing policy recommendations for Taiwan. The study begins by clarifying the definition of dark patterns and related concepts, followed by a review of classification frameworks developed by scholars and regulatory bodies across multiple disciplines. Drawing on empirical studies and cognitive psychology, the thesis illustrates the pervasive nature and significant influence of dark patterns, and explains the psychological mechanisms by which they effectively manipulate user behavior. Based on this foundation, it argues that dark patterns cause substantial harm on both personal and societal levels, and highlights the need for regulation to mitigate the privacy paradox and behavioral market failures. Legal intervention is deemed essential for restoring market functionality and enhancing overall societal welfare. In light of this necessity, the thesis further analyzes regulatory approaches adopted by the European Union and the United States in areas such as consumer protection, data protection, and competition law, offering reference points for future legislative development in Taiwan. Finally, it advocates for the establishment of clear legal norms and enforcement mechanisms, and identifies potential challenges Taiwan may face in the legislative process. 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Pew Research Center, 2016, The State of Privacy in Post-Snowden America , https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/09/21/the-state-of-privacy-in-america/. Schmid, Gregor, 2023, Digital Services Act (DSA): Dark Patterns and Other Current Issues, Taylor Wessing, https://www.taylorwessing.com/en/interface/2023/predictions-2023-part-2/digital-services-act-current-issues 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
110652023資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110652023 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 劉定基 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳昀均 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen,Yun-Jyun en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳昀均 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Yun-Jyun en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2025 15:14:38 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2025 15:14:38 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2025 15:14:38 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110652023 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/157824 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110652023 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 暗黑模式係指以介面設計的選擇架構操控使用者行為的伎倆，廣泛應用於電子商務平台、社群媒體與應用程式等數位服務中。此伎倆對個人資料保護、消費自主決策及消費者權益造成損害，亦對市場競爭造成影響。本文藉由探討「暗黑模式」（Dark Patterns）對使用者權益與社會整體所造成之影響，並分析各國對其法制化監管之現況後，提出對我國對暗黑模式管制的建議。 首先釐清暗黑模式及相似概念間的定義，並整理各領域學者與監管機構其多元分類方式。接著，透過文獻資料與實證研究指出暗黑模式廣泛存在且具高度影響力，並以認知心理學為基礎，說明有效操控使用者行為的原理機制。基此，本文論證暗黑模式不僅對個人與社會層面造成多重損害，且強調管制有助於減少隱私悖論發生及行為市場失靈現象，故須透過立法管制以修復市場機制並提升整體社會福祉。 在具有立法管制的必要下，本文進一步分析目前歐盟與美國已逐步透過消費者保護、資料保護與競爭法等規範面向，作為我國未來立法管制的參考依據。最後，本文主張建立明確的法律規範與執行機制，並提出我國未來立法可能面臨的挑戰，期未來能有效且完整回應數位時代所帶來的挑戰。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Dark patterns refer to deceptive interface design strategies that manipulate user behavior through choice architecture, and are widely implemented across digital services such as e-commerce platforms, social media, and mobile applications. These practices undermine personal data protection, informed consumer decision-making, and consumer rights, while also posing threats to fair market competition. This thesis examines the impact of dark patterns on individual rights and societal welfare, and analyzes the current state of legal regulation in various jurisdictions, ultimately providing policy recommendations for Taiwan. The study begins by clarifying the definition of dark patterns and related concepts, followed by a review of classification frameworks developed by scholars and regulatory bodies across multiple disciplines. Drawing on empirical studies and cognitive psychology, the thesis illustrates the pervasive nature and significant influence of dark patterns, and explains the psychological mechanisms by which they effectively manipulate user behavior. Based on this foundation, it argues that dark patterns cause substantial harm on both personal and societal levels, and highlights the need for regulation to mitigate the privacy paradox and behavioral market failures. Legal intervention is deemed essential for restoring market functionality and enhancing overall societal welfare. In light of this necessity, the thesis further analyzes regulatory approaches adopted by the European Union and the United States in areas such as consumer protection, data protection, and competition law, offering reference points for future legislative development in Taiwan. Finally, it advocates for the establishment of clear legal norms and enforcement mechanisms, and identifies potential challenges Taiwan may face in the legislative process. It is hoped that such efforts will enable a comprehensive and effective response to the regulatory demands of the digital age. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 問題意識 1 第一項 研究動機 1 第二項 問題提出 4 第二節 研究方法 5 第三節 研究架構 5 第二章 何謂暗黑模式 8 第一節 定義 8 第一項 暗黑模式 8 第二項 說服科技 14 第三項 助推 17 第四項 傳統說服與暗黑模式間比較 20 第二節 暗黑模式之類型 24 第一項 概念初始提出者—Brignull分類 24 第二項 人機互動領域常被引用的類型 37 第三項 轉向以解決暗黑模式問題的分類 40 第三章 暗黑模式之影響與損害 57 第一節 普遍且有效的影響力 57 第一項 現行使用的普遍性 57 第二項 對使用者有效性——影響個人行為與決策 63 第二節 暗黑模式帶來的損害 72 第一項 使用暗黑模式對使用者之損害 72 第二項 使用暗黑模式對社會整體之損害 78 第三節 國家對濫用暗黑模式立法規制之必要性 80 第一項 助於隱私悖論的減少，增進當事人的有效同意 81 第二項 規制有助於修復市場機制，增進社會整體福利 83 第三項 國家干預手段涉及商業言論自由之疑慮 86 第四章 監管暗黑模式之法制 91 第一節 歐盟 92 第一項 消費者保護規範 92 第二項 資料保護規範 100 第三項 市場競爭法規範 104 第四項 新興法規 106 第二節 美國 121 第一項 聯邦層級 121 第二項 州法層級 125 第三節 從歐美法比較得出本土路徑 129 第一項 綜合比較歐美法規 129 第二項 從我國現有法律檢視管制現況 132 第三項 我國的管制路徑建議 136 第四節 小結 138 第五章 結論 140 第一節 立法規制執行面困境及相應建議 140 第一項 暗黑模式的「操縱」定義識別困難 140 第二項 人類的「非理性」凸顯法律先天缺陷 142 第三項 管制手段的侷限與平衡 143 第三節 結語與未來展望 145 參考文獻 147 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3492102 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110652023 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 暗黑模式 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 欺騙性設計 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 操縱 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 介面設計 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 消費者保護 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 個人資料保護 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數位管制 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自主 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dark patterns en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Deceptive design en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Manipulation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interface Design en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Consumer Protection en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data Protection en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Digital Regulation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Autonomy en_US dc.title (題名) 暗黑模式之管制規範研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Regulating Dark Patterns en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文文獻 （一） 專書 李惠宗（2019），憲法要義，8版，台灣：元照出版公司。 李震山（2000），人性尊嚴與人格保障，5版，台北：元照出版公司。 法治斌、董保城（2020），憲法新論，增訂7版，台灣：元照出版公司。 （二） 期刊論文 劉定基（2017），大數據與物聯網時代的個人資料自主權，憲政時代季刊，42卷3期，頁295。 吳秀明（2020），公平交易法國內重要案例之評析－以欺罔或顯失公平行為為例。109年委託研究報告五，頁19–28。 張安潔（2018），論數據蒐集行為於歐盟競爭法下之合法性—以德國調查FB案為例，經貿法訊第236期。 李建良（2018），資訊流向與管控環節——個資保護 ABC，月旦法學雜誌，272卷，頁26–27。 洪德欽、劉華美、蔡孟佑（2022），歐盟和德國數位政策與競爭法兼論對台灣的啟示，第28屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會論文集，頁39。 陳蕙君、顏廷棟、馬泰成、張宏浩（2022），公平交易法國內重要案例之評析－以不實廣告行為為例，台灣第28屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會論文集，頁37。 （三） 碩博士論文 吳悅慈（2024），電子商務下暗黑模式之法制研究。未出版之碩士論文，世新大學法律研究所，台北市。 楊承燁，（2015），論國家之基本權保護義務—以德國憲法法學之發展為中心。未出版之博士論文，國立臺灣大學，法律學院法律學系，台北市。 （四） 政府相關文書、報告 公平交易委員會113年公綜字第11311606781號函。 公平交易委員會（2020），公平交易委員會對於公平交易法第二十一條案件之處理原則， https://www.ftc.gov.tw/internet/main/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=165&docid=13937。 台北駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處經濟組（2024），歐盟人工智慧法案簡介， https://www.taiwanembassy.org/uploads/sites/124/2024/08/Artificial_Intelligence_Act.pdf。 台北駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處經濟組（2022），歐盟數位市場法（DMA）概要，https://www.taiwanembassy.org/uploads/sites/124/2024/12/DMA概要.pdf。 國家發展委員會（2019），加州消費者隱私保護法（CCPA）規範重點說明， https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?。 陳瑾儀，（2015年）。歐盟競爭總署組織與競爭法實務簡介，參與2014歐盟競爭總署訓練實習計畫出國報告，頁7。 （五） 翻譯著作 高登第，（2024年）。直覺陷阱2：認知非理性消費偏好，避免成為聰明的傻瓜，頁68–70，台北：時報出版。 （六） 網路資料 公平交易委員會，公平交易法第21條所稱虛偽不實的意義為何？， https://www.ftc.gov.tw/internet/main/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=1211&docid=14026&mid=1201。 國際通傳產業動態觀測（2023），歐盟執委會公布首批《數位市場法（DMA）》「守門人」名單，https://intlfocus.ncc.gov.tw/。 資策會科技法律研究所（2023），歐盟執委會發布指引以因應《人工智慧法》「禁止的人工智慧行為」條文，https://stli.iii.org.tw/article-detail.aspx?no=64&tp=1&d=9311。 賴國任（2021），加州隱私權法（California Privacy Rights Act, CPRA）現在備受關注；CCPA修正案，資策會科技法律研究所，https://stli.iii.org.tw/article-detail.aspx?no=55&tp=1&d=8598。 二、 英文文獻 （一） 專書 Friedman, Marilyn, 2003, Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self, Oxford Univ. 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