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題名 客戶異質性與科技創新：CEO職涯視野的調節作用
Customer Heterogeneity and Technological Innovation: The Moderating Role of CEO Career Horizon作者 王祺雅
Wang, Chi-Ya貢獻者 楊宗翰
Yang, Tsung-Han
王祺雅
Wang, Chi-Ya關鍵詞 客戶異質性
科技創新
專利
CEO
U型關係
Customer heterogeneity
Technological innovation
Patenting
CEO
U-shaped relationship日期 2025 上傳時間 4-Aug-2025 13:32:49 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究探討客戶異質性對企業科技創新績效的影響，並進一步分析CEO職涯視野與性別的調節作用。以2013至2022年間美國企業為樣本，蒐集FactSet、Compustat、BoardEx及美國專利商標局等資料庫資料，建構406家企業、共1,883筆公司－年度面板資料。研究以專利申請數作為科技創新績效的指標，並採用隨機效應負二項迴歸模型進行實證分析。 實證結果顯示，客戶異質性與科技創新呈現U型關係，企業需具備一定知識基礎與吸收能力，方能有效轉化多元知識為創新動能。此外，CEO職涯視野較短及女性CEO皆有助於緩和異質性初期帶來的不利影響，進一步提升企業創新表現。 本研究驗證客戶異質性對科技創新的非線性影響，突顯CEO特質的重要調節作用，並為企業客戶組合設計及高階領導遴選提供管理啟示。
This study examines the impact of customer heterogeneity on firms’ technological innovation performance and further analyzes the moderating effects of CEO career horizon and gender. Using data from U.S. firms between 2013 and 2022, information was collected from databases including FactSet, Compustat, BoardEx, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office, resulting in a panel dataset of 406 firms and 1,883 firm-year observations. The number of patent applications is used as the indicator of technological innovation performance, and the empirical analysis is conducted using a random-effects negative binomial regression model. The empirical results show that customer heterogeneity and technological innovation exhibit a U-shaped relationship; firms need to possess a certain level of knowledge base and absorptive capacity in order to effectively transform diverse knowledge into innovation momentum. In addition, both a shorter CEO career horizon and the presence of a female CEO help to alleviate the adverse effects associated with the early stages of heterogeneity, further enhancing firms’ innovation performance. This study confirms the nonlinear impact of customer heterogeneity on technological innovation, highlights the important moderating role of CEO characteristics, and provides managerial implications for customer portfolio design and the selection of top executives.參考文獻 Act, A. I. (2012). Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. Public Law, 112(29), 1. Adner, R., & Levinthal, D. (2001). Demand heterogeneity and technology evolution: implications for product and process innovation. Management Science, 47(5), 611-628. Alegre, J., & Chiva, R. (2008). Assessing the impact of organizational learning capability on product innovation performance: An empirical test. Technovation, 28(6), 315-326. Alexiev, A. S., Volberda, H. W., & Van den Bosch, F. A. (2016). Interorganizational collaboration and firm innovativeness: Unpacking the role of the organizational environment. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 974-984. Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1997). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Reis, (77/78), 345-348. Artz, K. W., Norman, P. M., Hatfield, D. E., & Cardinal, L. B. (2010). A longitudinal study of the impact of R&D, patents, and product innovation on firm performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(5), 725-740. Barker III, V. L., & Mueller, G. C. (2002). CEO characteristics and firm R&D spending. Management Science, 48(6), 782-801. Bindroo, V., Mariadoss, B. J., & Pillai, R. G. (2012). Customer clusters as sources of innovation-based competitive advantage. Journal of International Marketing, 20(3), 17-33. Blau, P. M. (1977). Inequality and heterogeneity: A primitive theory of social structure (Vol. 7, pp. 677-683). New York: Free Press. Bonner, J. M., & Walker Jr, O. C. (2004). Selecting influential business‐to‐business customers in new product development: relational embeddedness and knowledge heterogeneity considerations. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(3), 155-169. Brickley, J. A., Linck, J. S., & Coles, J. L. (1999). What happens to CEOs after they retire? New evidence on career concerns, horizon problems, and CEO incentives. Journal of Financial Economics, 52(3), 341-377. Chatterjee, A., & Hambrick, D. C. (2011). Executive personality, capability cues, and risk taking: How narcissistic CEOs react to their successes and stumbles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 56(2), 202-237. Chen, W., Zhong, X., & Lv, D. D. (2022). Negative performance feedback, CEO tenure, and punctuated equilibrium innovation. R&D Management, 52(3), 564-576. Cheng, S. (2004). R&D expenditures and CEO compensation. The Accounting Review, 79(2), 305-328. Cho, S. Y., & Kim, S. K. (2017). Horizon problem and firm innovation: The influence of CEO career horizon, exploitation and exploration on breakthrough innovations. Research Policy, 46(10), 1801-1809. Christofi, M., Stylianou, I., Hadjielias, E., De Massis, A., & Kastanakis, M. N. (2024). Tackling pandemic‐related health grand challenges: the role of organizational ambidexterity, social equality, and innovation performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 41(2), 347-378. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989). Innovation and learning: the two faces of R & D. The Economic Journal, 99(397), 569-596. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152. Cohen, W. M., & Malerba, F. (2001). Is the tendency to variation a chief cause of progress?. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(3), 587-608. Dezsö, C. L., & Ross, D. G. (2012). Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 33(9), 1072-1089. Dohse, D., Goel, R. K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2023). Patenting uncertainty and its impact on innovation: evidence from the United States. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 48(5), 1839-1859. Dulebohn, J. H., Davison, R. B., Lee, S. A., Conlon, D. E., McNamara, G., & Sarinopoulos, I. C. (2016). Gender differences in justice evaluations: Evidence from fMRI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(2), 151. Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573. Eisenhardt, K. M., & Schoonhoven, C. B. (1996). Resource-based view of strategic alliance formation: Strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms. Organization Science, 7(2), 136-150. Faems, D., De Visser, M., Andries, P., & Van Looy, B. (2010). Technology alliance portfolios and financial performance: value‐enhancing and cost‐increasing effects of open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(6), 785-796. Filiou, D., & Massini, S. (2018). Industry cognitive distance in alliances and firm innovation performance. R&D Management, 48(4), 422-437. Füller, J., Hutter, K., Hautz, J., & Matzler, K. (2014). User roles and contributions in innovation-contest communities. Journal of Management Information Systems, 31(1), 273-308. Galbraith, J. R. (1974). Organization design: An information processing view. Interfaces, 4(3), 28-36. Garcia-Morales, V. J., Lloréns-Montes, F. J., & Verdu-Jover, A. J. (2007). Influence of personal mastery on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation in large firms and SMEs. Technovation, 27(9), 547-568. Haans, R. F., Pieters, C., & He, Z. L. (2016). Thinking about U: Theorizing and testing U‐and inverted U‐shaped relationships in strategy research. Strategic Management Journal, 37(7), 1177-1195. Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A., & Trajtenberg, M. (2005). Market Value and Patent Citations. The RAND Journal of Economics, 36(1), 16–38. Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193-206. Harrison, J. S., Boivie, S., Stern, I., & Porac, J. (2024). Inventor CEO involvement and firm exploitative and exploratory innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 45(11), 2227-2256. Heyden, M. L., Reimer, M., & Van Doorn, S. (2017). Innovating beyond the horizon: CEO career horizon, top management composition, and R&D intensity. Human Resource Management, 56(2), 205-224. Jespersen, K., Rigamonti, D., Jensen, M. B., & Bysted, R. (2018). Analysis of SMEs partner proximity preferences for process innovation. Small Business Economics, 51, 879-904. Jiang, R. J., Tao, Q. T., & Santoro, M. D. (2010). Alliance portfolio diversity and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 31(10), 1136-1144. Jiang, X., Jin, R., Gong, M., & Li, M. (2022). Are heterogeneous customers always good for iterative innovation?. Journal of Business Research, 138, 324-334. Joo, Y., Georgakakis, D., & Sidhu, J. S. (2025). CEO career horizon and innovation: A u-shaped tale of short-term profits and long-term legacy. Research Policy, 54(5), 105216. Kang, J. (2016). Labor market evaluation versus legacy conservation: What factors determine retiring CEOs' decisions about long‐term investment?. Strategic Management Journal, 37(2), 389-405. Kang, K. N., & Park, H. (2012). Influence of government R&D support and inter-firm collaborations on innovation in Korean biotechnology SMEs. Technovation, 32(1), 68-78. Kim, J., Lee, H. W., Gao, H., & Johnson, R. E. (2021). When CEOs are all about themselves: Perceived CEO narcissism and middle managers’ workplace behaviors amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(9), 1283. Kiss, A. N., Libaers, D., Barr, P. S., Wang, T., & Zachary, M. A. (2020). 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Xie, Z., & Li, J. (2015). Demand heterogeneity, learning diversity and innovation in an emerging economy. Journal of International Management, 21(4), 277-292. Zahra, S. A. (1996). Technology strategy and financial performance: Examining the moderating role of the firm's competitive environment. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(3), 189-219. Zhang, Y., & Qu, H. (2016). The impact of CEO succession with gender change on firm performance and successor early departure: Evidence from China’s publicly listed companies in 1997–2010. Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1845-1868. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
112364106資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112364106 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 楊宗翰 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Yang, Tsung-Han en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王祺雅 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Chi-Ya en_US dc.creator (作者) 王祺雅 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Chi-Ya en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2025 13:32:49 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Aug-2025 13:32:49 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2025 13:32:49 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112364106 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158398 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 科技管理與智慧財產研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 112364106 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究探討客戶異質性對企業科技創新績效的影響，並進一步分析CEO職涯視野與性別的調節作用。以2013至2022年間美國企業為樣本，蒐集FactSet、Compustat、BoardEx及美國專利商標局等資料庫資料，建構406家企業、共1,883筆公司－年度面板資料。研究以專利申請數作為科技創新績效的指標，並採用隨機效應負二項迴歸模型進行實證分析。 實證結果顯示，客戶異質性與科技創新呈現U型關係，企業需具備一定知識基礎與吸收能力，方能有效轉化多元知識為創新動能。此外，CEO職涯視野較短及女性CEO皆有助於緩和異質性初期帶來的不利影響，進一步提升企業創新表現。 本研究驗證客戶異質性對科技創新的非線性影響，突顯CEO特質的重要調節作用，並為企業客戶組合設計及高階領導遴選提供管理啟示。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines the impact of customer heterogeneity on firms’ technological innovation performance and further analyzes the moderating effects of CEO career horizon and gender. Using data from U.S. firms between 2013 and 2022, information was collected from databases including FactSet, Compustat, BoardEx, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office, resulting in a panel dataset of 406 firms and 1,883 firm-year observations. The number of patent applications is used as the indicator of technological innovation performance, and the empirical analysis is conducted using a random-effects negative binomial regression model. The empirical results show that customer heterogeneity and technological innovation exhibit a U-shaped relationship; firms need to possess a certain level of knowledge base and absorptive capacity in order to effectively transform diverse knowledge into innovation momentum. In addition, both a shorter CEO career horizon and the presence of a female CEO help to alleviate the adverse effects associated with the early stages of heterogeneity, further enhancing firms’ innovation performance. This study confirms the nonlinear impact of customer heterogeneity on technological innovation, highlights the important moderating role of CEO characteristics, and provides managerial implications for customer portfolio design and the selection of top executives. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1 Introduction 1 2 Theory and Hypotheses 4 2.1 Customer Heterogeneity and Technological Innovation 4 2.2 The Moderating Role of CEO Career Horizon 6 2.3 The Moderating Role of CEO Gender 8 3 Methods 11 3.1 Data and Sample 11 3.2 Variables 12 3.2.1 Dependent Variable 12 3.2.2 Independent Variables 13 3.2.3 Moderating Variables 14 3.2.4 Control Variables 15 3.3 Estimation Model 18 4 Results 22 5 Discussion and Conclusion 30 5.1 Theoretical Contributions 31 5.2 Managerial Implications 33 5.3 Limitations and Future Research Directions 35 5.4 Conclusion 37 References 39 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1230615 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112364106 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 客戶異質性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科技創新 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專利 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) CEO zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) U型關係 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Customer heterogeneity en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Technological innovation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Patenting en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) CEO en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) U-shaped relationship en_US dc.title (題名) 客戶異質性與科技創新：CEO職涯視野的調節作用 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Customer Heterogeneity and Technological Innovation: The Moderating Role of CEO Career Horizon en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Act, A. I. (2012). Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. Public Law, 112(29), 1. Adner, R., & Levinthal, D. (2001). Demand heterogeneity and technology evolution: implications for product and process innovation. Management Science, 47(5), 611-628. Alegre, J., & Chiva, R. (2008). Assessing the impact of organizational learning capability on product innovation performance: An empirical test. Technovation, 28(6), 315-326. Alexiev, A. S., Volberda, H. W., & Van den Bosch, F. A. (2016). Interorganizational collaboration and firm innovativeness: Unpacking the role of the organizational environment. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 974-984. Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1997). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Reis, (77/78), 345-348. Artz, K. W., Norman, P. M., Hatfield, D. E., & Cardinal, L. B. (2010). A longitudinal study of the impact of R&D, patents, and product innovation on firm performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(5), 725-740. Barker III, V. L., & Mueller, G. C. (2002). CEO characteristics and firm R&D spending. Management Science, 48(6), 782-801. Bindroo, V., Mariadoss, B. J., & Pillai, R. G. (2012). Customer clusters as sources of innovation-based competitive advantage. Journal of International Marketing, 20(3), 17-33. Blau, P. M. (1977). Inequality and heterogeneity: A primitive theory of social structure (Vol. 7, pp. 677-683). New York: Free Press. Bonner, J. M., & Walker Jr, O. C. (2004). Selecting influential business‐to‐business customers in new product development: relational embeddedness and knowledge heterogeneity considerations. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(3), 155-169. Brickley, J. A., Linck, J. S., & Coles, J. L. (1999). What happens to CEOs after they retire? New evidence on career concerns, horizon problems, and CEO incentives. Journal of Financial Economics, 52(3), 341-377. Chatterjee, A., & Hambrick, D. C. (2011). Executive personality, capability cues, and risk taking: How narcissistic CEOs react to their successes and stumbles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 56(2), 202-237. Chen, W., Zhong, X., & Lv, D. D. (2022). Negative performance feedback, CEO tenure, and punctuated equilibrium innovation. R&D Management, 52(3), 564-576. Cheng, S. (2004). R&D expenditures and CEO compensation. The Accounting Review, 79(2), 305-328. Cho, S. Y., & Kim, S. K. (2017). Horizon problem and firm innovation: The influence of CEO career horizon, exploitation and exploration on breakthrough innovations. Research Policy, 46(10), 1801-1809. Christofi, M., Stylianou, I., Hadjielias, E., De Massis, A., & Kastanakis, M. N. (2024). Tackling pandemic‐related health grand challenges: the role of organizational ambidexterity, social equality, and innovation performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 41(2), 347-378. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989). Innovation and learning: the two faces of R & D. The Economic Journal, 99(397), 569-596. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152. Cohen, W. M., & Malerba, F. (2001). Is the tendency to variation a chief cause of progress?. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(3), 587-608. Dezsö, C. L., & Ross, D. G. (2012). Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 33(9), 1072-1089. Dohse, D., Goel, R. K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2023). Patenting uncertainty and its impact on innovation: evidence from the United States. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 48(5), 1839-1859. Dulebohn, J. H., Davison, R. B., Lee, S. A., Conlon, D. E., McNamara, G., & Sarinopoulos, I. C. (2016). Gender differences in justice evaluations: Evidence from fMRI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(2), 151. Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573. Eisenhardt, K. M., & Schoonhoven, C. B. (1996). Resource-based view of strategic alliance formation: Strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms. Organization Science, 7(2), 136-150. Faems, D., De Visser, M., Andries, P., & Van Looy, B. (2010). Technology alliance portfolios and financial performance: value‐enhancing and cost‐increasing effects of open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(6), 785-796. Filiou, D., & Massini, S. (2018). Industry cognitive distance in alliances and firm innovation performance. R&D Management, 48(4), 422-437. Füller, J., Hutter, K., Hautz, J., & Matzler, K. (2014). User roles and contributions in innovation-contest communities. Journal of Management Information Systems, 31(1), 273-308. Galbraith, J. R. (1974). Organization design: An information processing view. Interfaces, 4(3), 28-36. Garcia-Morales, V. J., Lloréns-Montes, F. J., & Verdu-Jover, A. J. (2007). Influence of personal mastery on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation in large firms and SMEs. Technovation, 27(9), 547-568. Haans, R. F., Pieters, C., & He, Z. L. (2016). Thinking about U: Theorizing and testing U‐and inverted U‐shaped relationships in strategy research. Strategic Management Journal, 37(7), 1177-1195. Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A., & Trajtenberg, M. (2005). Market Value and Patent Citations. The RAND Journal of Economics, 36(1), 16–38. Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193-206. Harrison, J. S., Boivie, S., Stern, I., & Porac, J. (2024). Inventor CEO involvement and firm exploitative and exploratory innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 45(11), 2227-2256. Heyden, M. L., Reimer, M., & Van Doorn, S. (2017). 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