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題名 中美貿易戰對紅色供應鏈的影響- 以蘋果公司為例
The Impact of the US-China Trade War on the Rise of China’s Red Supply Chain: The Case of Apple作者 邱筱芸
Chiu, Shiau-Yun貢獻者 洪叔民
Horng, Shwu-Min
邱筱芸
Chiu, Shiau-Yun關鍵詞 紅色供應鏈
中美貿易戰
中國供應商
蘋果
Red Supply Chain
US-China Trade War
Chinese Suppliers
Apple日期 2025 上傳時間 4-Aug-2025 13:43:30 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究聚焦中國「紅色供應鏈」在半導體及消費電子領域的演進，以及中美貿易戰(2018-2023) 對其功能分工與韌性的衝擊，並以蘋果公司（Apple Inc.）為單一個案，剖析其供應鏈中六大關鍵職能節點—晶片、顯示/觸控、聲學、相機光學、電池與機殼組裝。研究以 2012–2023 年間 Bloomberg Terminal SPLC 模組、蘋果公開供應商名單與年報等次級資料為基礎，以及功能性分工分析，量化比較中國供應商家數、COGS（Cost of Goods Sold）佔比與關鍵性指標之時序變化，並區分四個發展階段：萌芽 (2012–2014)、深化 (2015–2017)、中美貿易戰影響 (2018–2020) 與強化 (2021–2023)。 實證結果顯示：（1）中國供應商家數由 22 家增至高峰 129 家，COGS 佔比自 0.37% 提升至 25.15%，呈先量後質的成長曲線；（2）藍思科技、瑞聲科技、立訊精密及歌爾等企業，已由中低階加工跨入高附加價值模組整合，並透過「中國＋1」策略快速在越南布建產能；（3）COVID-19 與出口管制雖於 2020 年導致蘋果對中採購短暫下滑五成，但2021年後即恢復並創高，顯示中國在產業集聚、配套的優勢仍難以被取代；（4）蘋果對部分中國廠商的營收貢獻占比高達四成以上，單一客戶依賴度過高，暴露出政策、地緣政治風險與終端產品需求波動的風險。 本研究貢獻在於提供一套結合供應鏈量化與政策時點的長期追蹤框架，說明地緣政治如何影響全球科技價值鏈。實務上建議跨國企業應以雙來源與區域化產能分散關鍵零組件；中國供應商需降低單一客戶依賴並強化研發密度；政府補貼則宜自擴產導向轉為技術導向，以提升產業全球競爭力。
This study examines the evolution of China’s “Red Supply Chain” in semiconductors and consumer electronics, focusing on the impact of the U.S.-China trade war (2018–2023) through the case of Apple Inc. Analyzing six key functional nodes—chipsets, display/touch, acoustics, optics, batteries, and casing/assembly—the research employs Bloomberg SPLC data, Apple supplier lists, and annual reports from 2012 to 2023 to quantify shifts in supplier count, COGS contribution, and strategic value. The findings delineate four stages of development: emergence, deepening, disruption, and reinforcement. Results show: (1)Chinese suppliers grew from 22 to 129, with COGS share rising from 0.37% to 25.15%; (2) key firms such as Lens, AAC, Luxshare, and GoerTek advanced into high-value integration and adopted “China + 1” expansion in Vietnam; (3) despite pandemic and export controls reducing China-based procurement in 2020, volumes rebounded post-2021 due to China’s manufacturing depth; (4) Apple’s heavy reliance on certain Chinese suppliers (up to 40% of revenue) reveals vulnerabilities to policy and geopolitical shocks. This study contributes a framework linking functional supply chain metrics with geopolitical events, highlighting how global tech value chains adapt under strategic pressure. It suggests multinationals diversify sourcing and regionalize capacity, while Chinese firms should reduce customer dependency and invest in R&D. Policy-wise, subsidies should shift from scale to innovation-driven support.參考文獻 Apple Inc. 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國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
112363019資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112363019 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 洪叔民 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Horng, Shwu-Min en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱筱芸 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Shiau-Yun en_US dc.creator (作者) 邱筱芸 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Shiau-Yun en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2025 13:43:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Aug-2025 13:43:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2025 13:43:30 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112363019 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158427 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 112363019 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究聚焦中國「紅色供應鏈」在半導體及消費電子領域的演進，以及中美貿易戰(2018-2023) 對其功能分工與韌性的衝擊，並以蘋果公司（Apple Inc.）為單一個案，剖析其供應鏈中六大關鍵職能節點—晶片、顯示/觸控、聲學、相機光學、電池與機殼組裝。研究以 2012–2023 年間 Bloomberg Terminal SPLC 模組、蘋果公開供應商名單與年報等次級資料為基礎，以及功能性分工分析，量化比較中國供應商家數、COGS（Cost of Goods Sold）佔比與關鍵性指標之時序變化，並區分四個發展階段：萌芽 (2012–2014)、深化 (2015–2017)、中美貿易戰影響 (2018–2020) 與強化 (2021–2023)。 實證結果顯示：（1）中國供應商家數由 22 家增至高峰 129 家，COGS 佔比自 0.37% 提升至 25.15%，呈先量後質的成長曲線；（2）藍思科技、瑞聲科技、立訊精密及歌爾等企業，已由中低階加工跨入高附加價值模組整合，並透過「中國＋1」策略快速在越南布建產能；（3）COVID-19 與出口管制雖於 2020 年導致蘋果對中採購短暫下滑五成，但2021年後即恢復並創高，顯示中國在產業集聚、配套的優勢仍難以被取代；（4）蘋果對部分中國廠商的營收貢獻占比高達四成以上，單一客戶依賴度過高，暴露出政策、地緣政治風險與終端產品需求波動的風險。 本研究貢獻在於提供一套結合供應鏈量化與政策時點的長期追蹤框架，說明地緣政治如何影響全球科技價值鏈。實務上建議跨國企業應以雙來源與區域化產能分散關鍵零組件；中國供應商需降低單一客戶依賴並強化研發密度；政府補貼則宜自擴產導向轉為技術導向，以提升產業全球競爭力。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines the evolution of China’s “Red Supply Chain” in semiconductors and consumer electronics, focusing on the impact of the U.S.-China trade war (2018–2023) through the case of Apple Inc. Analyzing six key functional nodes—chipsets, display/touch, acoustics, optics, batteries, and casing/assembly—the research employs Bloomberg SPLC data, Apple supplier lists, and annual reports from 2012 to 2023 to quantify shifts in supplier count, COGS contribution, and strategic value. The findings delineate four stages of development: emergence, deepening, disruption, and reinforcement. Results show: (1)Chinese suppliers grew from 22 to 129, with COGS share rising from 0.37% to 25.15%; (2) key firms such as Lens, AAC, Luxshare, and GoerTek advanced into high-value integration and adopted “China + 1” expansion in Vietnam; (3) despite pandemic and export controls reducing China-based procurement in 2020, volumes rebounded post-2021 due to China’s manufacturing depth; (4) Apple’s heavy reliance on certain Chinese suppliers (up to 40% of revenue) reveals vulnerabilities to policy and geopolitical shocks. This study contributes a framework linking functional supply chain metrics with geopolitical events, highlighting how global tech value chains adapt under strategic pressure. It suggests multinationals diversify sourcing and regionalize capacity, while Chinese firms should reduce customer dependency and invest in R&D. Policy-wise, subsidies should shift from scale to innovation-driven support. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究問題與目的 2 第三節 研究架構 4 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 紅色供應鏈 6 第二節 中國政府的政策與法律 9 第三節 中美貿易戰 13 第三章 研究方法 第一節 個案研究法 20 第二節 資料蒐集法 21 第四章 蘋果供應鏈分析 第一節 蘋果背景介紹 25 第二節 蘋果供應鏈的功能分類 28 第三節 中國供應商的時期變化 38 第四節 結論與分析 50 第五章 結論 第一節 結論 58 第二節 研究限制與建議 59 參考文獻 61 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1530661 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112363019 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 紅色供應鏈 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中美貿易戰 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國供應商 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 蘋果 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Red Supply Chain en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) US-China Trade War en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese Suppliers en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Apple en_US dc.title (題名) 中美貿易戰對紅色供應鏈的影響- 以蘋果公司為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Impact of the US-China Trade War on the Rise of China’s Red Supply Chain: The Case of Apple en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Apple Inc. 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