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題名 中美貿易戰對蘋果供應鏈的影響－從台灣產業的角度分析
The Impact of the U.S.-China Trade War on Apple’s Supply Chain: An Analysis from the Perspective of Taiwan’s Industries作者 黃錦濤
Huang, Chin-Tao貢獻者 洪叔民
黃錦濤
Huang, Chin-Tao關鍵詞 中美貿易戰
蘋果供應鏈
台灣半導體產業
社會網路分析
供應鏈韌性
地緣政治風險
去風險化日期 2025 上傳時間 4-Aug-2025 13:46:39 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著中美兩國之間的戰略競爭升高，2018年起美國對中國實施一系列貿易制裁與科技出口管制措施，導致全球供應鏈體系出現重大重構壓力，特別對仰賴全球分工與中國製造的高科技產業衝擊尤鉅。蘋果公司作為全球市值最高的科技企業，其高度依賴中國製造體系與台灣供應商所組成的全球化供應鏈，因此成為觀察地緣政治風險如何影響供應鏈調整之代表性個案。 本研究聚焦於中美貿易戰背景下，台灣企業於蘋果半導體供應鏈中的角色變化，並透過社會網路分析法（Social Network Analysis, SNA）探討其在全球供應鏈網路中的結構性地位轉移。研究資料取自Bloomberg SPLC資料庫，涵蓋2012年至2023年期間，並選取與蘋果半導體製程直接相關的台灣與中國供應商節點，建立年度網路模型並計算三項中心性指標：度中心性（Degree Centrality）、中介中心性（Betweenness Centrality）、接近中心性（Closeness Centrality），用以衡量各節點在網路中之影響力、資訊掌控力與連結效率。 實證結果顯示，台灣企業雖在某些年度維持相對穩定的平均連結度與重要性，但其在關鍵節點的佔比逐年下降，反映出中國本土供應商的快速崛起與蘋果分散風險策略所帶來的競爭壓力。此外，蘋果推動產地多元化（如印度、越南）與模組外包政策，亦進一步削弱台灣傳統組裝與零組件廠商的核心地位。另一方面，台灣企業在高階製程、晶圓代工與先進封裝領域仍具領導優勢，展現技術型企業相對抗風險的韌性。 本研究貢獻在於提供一個結合量化網路指標與時事政策分析之架構，以系統性地理解企業如何在地緣政治風險與政策不確定性提升的環境中調整供應鏈策略，並為台灣高科技產業在「去風險化」與「供應鏈韌性建構」的國際趨勢下，提供策略參考與實務啟示。 參考文獻 1. Al-Thaqeb, S. A., & Algharabali, B. G. (2019). Economic policy uncertainty: A literature review. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 20, e00133. 2. Arjun Kharpal. (2023, March 9). ASML: Netherlands to restrict semiconductor machine exports after US pressure. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/09/asml-netherlands-to-restrict-semiconductor-machine-exports-after-us-pressure.html 3. Ashcroft, S. (2022, February 4). Tim Cook: Supply chain guru behind Apple growth. Supply Chain Magazine. https://supplychaindigital.com/operations/supply-chain-profile-apples-inventory-magic-trick 4. Asia Financial. (2024, May 15). Chinese firms close in on high-end AI memory chips coup. https://www.asiafinancial.com/chinese-firms-close-in-on-high-end-ai-memory-chips-coup 5. ASML. (2023). EUV lithography: Pushing Moore’s Law further. https://www.asml.com/en/technology/lithography/euv-lithography 6. Borgatti, S. P., & Halgin, D. S. (2011). On network theory. Organization Science, 22(5), 1168–1181. 7. Borgatti, S. P., & Li, X. (2009). On social network analysis in a supply chain context. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(2), 5–22. 8. Budiono, K., & Ellitan, L. (2024). The efficiency and performance of Apple’s supply chain management. ULIL ALBAB: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 9(1), 1–10. 9. Bureau of Industry and Security. (2022, October 7). Commerce Implements New Export Controls on Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items to the People's Republic of China (PRC). https://www.bis.doc.gov 10. Cheng & Kim J. (2023, October 13). Samsung and SK Hynix face China dilemma from U.S. export controls. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Tech/Semiconductors/Samsung-and-SK-Hynix-face-China-dilemma-from-U.S.-export-controls 11. Financial Times. (2021, July 22). China ousts Taiwan as Apple’s biggest source of suppliers. https://www.ft.com/content/d2c9be25-6da2-47d4-9756-793a13738cf4 12. Financial Times. (2023, September 26). Apple supplier Foxconn loses ground to Chinese rival Luxshare. https://www.ft.com/content/d2c9be25-6da2-47d4-9756-793a13738cf4 13. Freeman, L. C. (1977). A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry, 40(1), 35–41. 14. Liu, B. (2011). Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and Usage Data (2nd ed.). Springer. 15. Liu, M. (2021, August 23). Silicon rivalry: U.S. restrictions vs. China’s capital market reforms. EE Times. https://www.eetimes.com/silicon-rivalry-u-s-restrictions-vs-chinas-capital-market-reforms/ 16. MacLellan, L. (2025, April 9). Why Apple CEO Tim Cook is uniquely positioned to navigate a global supply chain meltdown. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2025/04/09/apple-microsoft-worlds-most-valuable-company 17. McKinsey & Company. (2022, August 17). What is supply chain and how does it function? https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/what-is-supply-chain 18. Miller, C., & Kim, J. (2023). Chip War: How Technology Shapes the Global Balance of Power. Yale University Press. 19. Morningstar. (2025, April 9). Apple supplier Luxshare to maintain Vietnam production hub to support US market. Morningstar. https://www.morningstar.com/news/dow-jones/202504093592/apple-supplier-luxshare-to-maintain-vietnam-production-hub-to-support-us-market 20. National Development Council. (2023). 中國半導體產業發展現況與挑戰. https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?icon=..pdf&n=MTMu5Lit5ZyL5aSn6Zm45o6o5YuV5Y2K5bCO6auU55Si5qWt5LmL55m85bGV6IiH5b2x6Z%2B%2FLnBkZg%3D%3D&u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvMC8xNDc1OS82MTZjZWQ0ZS05MTkwLTQzY2YtYmMyYi0yODU4YjA5NDZjM2MucGRm 21. Nikkei Asia. (2023, December 8). Apple to move key iPad engineering resources to Vietnam. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Supply-Chain/Apple-to-move-key-iPad-engineering-resources-to-Vietnam 22. Nikkei Asia. (2023a, March 29). Apple to move key iPad engineering resources to Vietnam. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Supply-Chain/Apple-to-move-key-iPad-engineering-resources-to-Vietnam 23. Nikkei Asia. (2023b, April 3). China’s BYD marks 30 years with global EV ambitions. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Electric-cars-in-China/China-s-BYD-marks-30 24. Nikkei Asia. (2025, April 9). China's BYD marks 30th year by chasing 4m car milestone. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Electric-cars-in-China/China-s-BYD-marks-30th-year-by-chasing-4m-car-milestone 25. Pacific Forum. (2024, July 31). China’s Pursuit of Semiconductor Independence: U.S. Foreign Direct Product Rule (FDPR) in Effect. https://pacforum.org/publications/yl-blog-71-chinas-pursuit-of-semiconductor-independence-us-foreign-direct-product-rule-fdpr-in-effect/ 26. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: A personal, experiential perspective. Qualitative Social Work, 1(3), 261–283. 27. PwC Taiwan. (2020). 台灣與中國半導體產業稅制比較與趨勢觀察. https://www.pwc.tw/zh/publications/semicon-optronics-tax-law-news/assets/ic-taxl-news-202004.pdf 28. Reuters. (2024, May 27). China sets up $47.5 bln state fund to boost semiconductor industry. https://www.reuters.com/technology/china-sets-up-475-bln-state-fund-boost-semiconductor-industry-2024-05-27/ 29. Shead, S. (2020, May 18). TSMC stops taking new orders from Huawei after U.S. restrictions. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/18/tsmc-stops-taking-new-orders-from-huawei-after-us-restrictions.html 30. The Economist. (2002, December 14). A new workshop of the world. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com 31. TrendForce. (2023, September 12). China’s ascendant Apple notebook supply chain: Taiwanese firms shift to secure orders. TrendForce. https://www.trendforce.com/news/2023/09/12/chinas-ascendant-apple-notebook-supply-chain-taiwanese-firms-shift-to-secure-orders/ 32. U.S. Department of Commerce. (2024). 15 C.F.R. § 734.9(e)(3) – Foreign-Direct Product (FDP) Rules. Retrieved from https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-734/section-734.9 33. Weinberger, E. (2023, April 15). Apple supplier Luxshare to maintain Vietnam production hub to support U.S. market. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/business/apple-supplier-luxshare-to-maintain-vietnam-production-hub-to-support-u-s-market-91805760 34. Charoenwong, B., Han, M., & Wu, J. (2022). Trade and foreign economic policy uncertainty in supply chain networks: Who comes home? Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 24(5), 2597–2617. 35. Fan, D., Zhou, Y., Yeung, A. C. L., Lo, C. K. Y., & Tang, C. S. (2022). Impact of the U.S.–China trade war on the operating performance of U.S. firms: The role of outsourcing and supply base complexity. Journal of Operations Management, 68, 928–962. 36. Liu, B. (2011). Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and Usage Data (2nd ed.). Springer. 37. Oliveira, M., & Gama, J. (2012). An overview of social network analysis. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 2(2), 99–115. 38. Rogers, Z. S., Golara, S., Abdulsalam, Y., & Rogers, D. S. (2024). Protect me not: The effect of tariffs on U.S. supply networks. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 30(1), 100897. 39. Tabassum, S., Pereira, F. S. F., Fernandes, S., & Gama, J. (2018). Social network analysis: An overview. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 7(5), e1256. 40. Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press. 41. Zhang, B., Ma, J., Khan, M. A., Repnikova, V., Shidlovskaya, K., Barykin, S., & Ahmad, M. S. (2023). The effect of economic policy uncertainty on foreign direct investment in the era of global value chain: Evidence from the Asian countries. Sustainability, 15(7), 6131. 42. 台灣半導體產業協會（2024）。Overview on Taiwan Semiconductor Industry (2024 Edition)。 43. 立訊精密工業股份有限公司. (2024). 2024年半年度報告. 44. 行政院主計總處（2025）。國內生產毛額(名目金額)-按行業分。取自 https://www.stat.gov.tw/ 45. 東方財富研究中心. (2022). 2022年中國半導體裝備產業投資報告. https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202212051580808943_1.pdf 46. 財訊雙週刊（Wealth Magazine）.（2024年4月17日）。「晶片戰」延燒！台積電也傳被美國盯上，若違規出貨中國恐被罰10億美元？ 財訊. https://www.wealth.com.tw/articles/887245a4-6b7b-4eaf-9b00-e7ff3b3d9031 47. 歌爾股份有限公司. (2024). 2024年年度報告. 48. 劉佩真（2024）。2024年我國半導體業景氣與國際地位呈現雙升的局面。《今日合庫》，583期。取自台灣經濟研究院：https://www.tier.org.tw/:contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3} 49. 數位時代（BNext）. (2023, 9月12日). 蘋果供應鏈中心性轉移：台廠地位下滑，陸廠崛起. 數位時代. https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/73470/apple-supplychain-trendforce 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
112363072資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112363072 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 洪叔民 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃錦濤 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Chin-Tao en_US dc.creator (作者) 黃錦濤 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Huang, Chin-Tao en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2025 13:46:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Aug-2025 13:46:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2025 13:46:39 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112363072 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158444 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 112363072 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著中美兩國之間的戰略競爭升高，2018年起美國對中國實施一系列貿易制裁與科技出口管制措施，導致全球供應鏈體系出現重大重構壓力，特別對仰賴全球分工與中國製造的高科技產業衝擊尤鉅。蘋果公司作為全球市值最高的科技企業，其高度依賴中國製造體系與台灣供應商所組成的全球化供應鏈，因此成為觀察地緣政治風險如何影響供應鏈調整之代表性個案。 本研究聚焦於中美貿易戰背景下，台灣企業於蘋果半導體供應鏈中的角色變化，並透過社會網路分析法（Social Network Analysis, SNA）探討其在全球供應鏈網路中的結構性地位轉移。研究資料取自Bloomberg SPLC資料庫，涵蓋2012年至2023年期間，並選取與蘋果半導體製程直接相關的台灣與中國供應商節點，建立年度網路模型並計算三項中心性指標：度中心性（Degree Centrality）、中介中心性（Betweenness Centrality）、接近中心性（Closeness Centrality），用以衡量各節點在網路中之影響力、資訊掌控力與連結效率。 實證結果顯示，台灣企業雖在某些年度維持相對穩定的平均連結度與重要性，但其在關鍵節點的佔比逐年下降，反映出中國本土供應商的快速崛起與蘋果分散風險策略所帶來的競爭壓力。此外，蘋果推動產地多元化（如印度、越南）與模組外包政策，亦進一步削弱台灣傳統組裝與零組件廠商的核心地位。另一方面，台灣企業在高階製程、晶圓代工與先進封裝領域仍具領導優勢，展現技術型企業相對抗風險的韌性。 本研究貢獻在於提供一個結合量化網路指標與時事政策分析之架構，以系統性地理解企業如何在地緣政治風險與政策不確定性提升的環境中調整供應鏈策略，並為台灣高科技產業在「去風險化」與「供應鏈韌性建構」的國際趨勢下，提供策略參考與實務啟示。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 5 第一節 研究背景與動機 5 第二節 研究目的 9 第三節 研究架構 11 第二章 文獻探討 13 第一節 中美貿易戰對供應鏈管理的影響 13 第二節 蘋果公司的供應鏈管理 18 第三節 台灣產業概況 20 第四節 社會網路分析 24 第三章 研究方法 28 第一節 社會網路分析 28 第二節 個案研究法 32 第四章 研究結果 33 第一節 資料蒐集 33 第二節 度中心性（Degree centrality） 37 第三節 中介中心性（Betweenness centrality） 41 第四節 接近中心性（Closeness centrality） 45 第五章 結論與建議 48 第一節 結論 48 第二節 建議 50 第三節 研究限制與未來研究 51 參考文獻 52 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1536535 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112363072 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中美貿易戰 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 蘋果供應鏈 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣半導體產業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會網路分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 供應鏈韌性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地緣政治風險 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 去風險化 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 中美貿易戰對蘋果供應鏈的影響－從台灣產業的角度分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Impact of the U.S.-China Trade War on Apple’s Supply Chain: An Analysis from the Perspective of Taiwan’s Industries en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Al-Thaqeb, S. A., & Algharabali, B. G. (2019). Economic policy uncertainty: A literature review. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 20, e00133. 2. Arjun Kharpal. (2023, March 9). ASML: Netherlands to restrict semiconductor machine exports after US pressure. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/09/asml-netherlands-to-restrict-semiconductor-machine-exports-after-us-pressure.html 3. Ashcroft, S. (2022, February 4). Tim Cook: Supply chain guru behind Apple growth. Supply Chain Magazine. https://supplychaindigital.com/operations/supply-chain-profile-apples-inventory-magic-trick 4. Asia Financial. (2024, May 15). Chinese firms close in on high-end AI memory chips coup. https://www.asiafinancial.com/chinese-firms-close-in-on-high-end-ai-memory-chips-coup 5. ASML. (2023). EUV lithography: Pushing Moore’s Law further. https://www.asml.com/en/technology/lithography/euv-lithography 6. Borgatti, S. P., & Halgin, D. S. (2011). On network theory. Organization Science, 22(5), 1168–1181. 7. Borgatti, S. P., & Li, X. (2009). On social network analysis in a supply chain context. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(2), 5–22. 8. Budiono, K., & Ellitan, L. (2024). The efficiency and performance of Apple’s supply chain management. ULIL ALBAB: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 9(1), 1–10. 9. Bureau of Industry and Security. (2022, October 7). Commerce Implements New Export Controls on Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items to the People's Republic of China (PRC). https://www.bis.doc.gov 10. Cheng & Kim J. (2023, October 13). Samsung and SK Hynix face China dilemma from U.S. export controls. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Tech/Semiconductors/Samsung-and-SK-Hynix-face-China-dilemma-from-U.S.-export-controls 11. Financial Times. (2021, July 22). China ousts Taiwan as Apple’s biggest source of suppliers. https://www.ft.com/content/d2c9be25-6da2-47d4-9756-793a13738cf4 12. Financial Times. (2023, September 26). 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