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題名 基於YANG資料模型與gNMI的物聯網服務管理機制
Service Management Schemes for IoT Devices based on YANG Data Model and gNMI
作者 陳品絜
Chen, Pin-Chieh
貢獻者 廖峻鋒
Liao, Chun-Feng
陳品絜
Chen, Pin-Chieh
關鍵詞 YANG data model
gNMI
mDNS
DNS-SD
服務發現
服務管理
Internet of Thing
YANG data model
gNMI
mDNS
DNS-SD
Service Discovery
Service Management
Internet of Thing
日期 2025
上傳時間 4-Aug-2025 13:58:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著物聯網技術發展，裝置數量日益增長，大量的裝置仰賴服務管理協定來運作。在現有服務管理協定中，UPnP功能完整，但效能不佳，且服務描述受限於固定形式。mDNS/DNS-SD則是輕量化且相容性高的服務發現協定，然而它功能性不足，欠缺服務描述與服務存取機制。本研究針對前述問題，提出基於YANG資料模型與gNMI的服務管理機制，兼具表達彈性與效能潛力。YANG 為網路管理領域中廣泛使用的資料建模語言，具備良好可讀性與高度表達彈性。gNMI是建構在 gRPC 上的 YANG 網管協定，具備高效能特性。然而，基於YANG的網管協定欠缺動態發現裝置的能力，因此本研究針對 gNMI 提出兩種不同的服務發現方案：一是整合 mDNS/DNS-SD的去中心化服務發現方案，二是支援gNMI的服務目錄之集中式服務發現方案。本研究進一步針對物聯網場景，研製基於YANG與gNMI的服務管理系統。此外亦開發了將UPnP描述檔自動轉換為YANG的工具程式，降低開發負擔並促進既有系統的遷徙。最後透過系統原型進行實驗評估，驗證所提出的兩種服務發現方法的可行性，以及本系統在服務發現、存取與通知等面向的效能優於 UPnP 系統。
As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expand, the growing number of connected devices increasingly depends on service management protocols. While UPnP offers comprehensive functionality, it suffers from poor performance and a rigid service description format. In contrast, mDNS/DNS-SD is lightweight and highly compatible but lacks service description and access mechanisms. To address these limitations, this study proposes a service management framework based on the YANG data model and the gNMI protocol, combining expressive flexibility with high performance. YANG is widely used in network management for its readability and support for automation, while gNMI, built on gRPC, enables efficient data transmission. However, YANG-based protocols lack dynamic device discovery, limiting their use in IoT environments. This work specifically focuses on gNMI and introduces two discovery strategies: a decentralized approach using mDNS/DNS-SD and a centralized gNMI-based solution. We further design and implement a YANG/gNMI service management system tailored for IoT, along with a tool for automatically converting UPnP descriptions to YANG to facilitate system migration. Performance evaluations demonstrate the feasibility of both discovery methods and show that the proposed system delivers superior performance compared to UPnP across key features such as discovery, access, and notification.
參考文獻 [1] A. Donoho, B. Roe, M. Bodlaender, et al., “Upnp device architecture 2.0”, Open Connectivity Foundation, Tech. Rep., Apr. 2020, Document Revision Date: April 17, 2020. [Online]. Available: `https://openconnectivity.org/upnp-specs/UPnP-arch-DeviceArchitecture-v2.0-20200417.pdf`. [2] S. Cheshire and M. Krochmal, Multicast DNS, RFC 6762, Feb. 2013. doi: `10.17487/RFC6762`. [Online]. Available: `https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6762`. [3] S. Cheshire and M. Krochmal, DNS-Based Service Discovery, RFC 6763, Feb. 2013. doi: `10.17487/RFC6763`. [Online]. Available: `https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6763`. [4] B. Carballido Villaverde, R. D. P. Alberola, A. J. Jara, S. Fedor, S. K. Das, and D. Pesch, “Service discovery protocols for constrained machine-to-machine communications”, *IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials*, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 41–60, 2014. doi: `10.1109/SURV.2013.102213.00229`. [5] M. Björklund, The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language, RFC 7950, Aug. 2016. doi: `10.17487/RFC7950`. [Online]. Available: `https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950`. [6] R. Enns, M. Björklund, A. Bierman, and J. Schönwälder, Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), RFC 6241, Jun. 2011. doi: `10.17487/RFC6241`. [Online]. Available: `https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241`. [7] B. Claise, J. Clarke, and J. Lindblad, *Network Programmability with YANG*. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, Jan. 2019. [8] A. Amlou, A. Abane, M. Merzouki, L. A. Oucheggou, Z. Maasaoui, and A. Battou, “Automated network programmability using openconfig yang models and netconf protocol”, in *2023 20th ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)*, 2023, pp. 1–5. doi: `10.1109/AICCSA59173.2023.10479244`. [9] World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description 1.1, `https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-thing-description11/`, W3C Recommendation, Dec. 2023. [10] A. Bierman, M. Björklund, and K. Watsen, RESTCONF Protocol, RFC 8040, Jan. 2017. doi: `10.17487/RFC8040`. [Online]. Available: `https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040`. [11] P. Borman, M. Hines, C. Lebsack, et al., Grpc network management interface (gnmi), version 0.10.0, gNMI service compatibility: 0.10.x, OpenConfig, May 2023. [Online]. Available: `https://github.com/openconfig/reference/blob/master/rpc/gnmi/gnmi-specification.md`. [12] S. Popić, D. Pezer, B. Mrazovac, and N. Teslić, “Performance evaluation of using protocol buffers in the internet of things communication”, in *2016 International Conference on Smart Systems and Technologies (SST)*, 2016, pp. 261–265. doi: `10.1109/SST.2016.7765670`. [13] M. G. Bhat, S. Bhattacharjee, C. Gündoğan, K. Alexandris, and A. Gogolev, “Core-conf, netconf, and restconf: Benchmarking network orchestration in constrained iiot devices”, *IEEE Internet of Things Journal*, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 13 082–13 090, 2024. doi: `10.1109/JIOT.2023.3338470`. [14] Ritu, S. Arora, A. Bhardwaj, A. Kukkar, and S. Kaur, “A comparative analysis of communication efficiency: Rest vs. grpc in microservice-based ecosystems”, in *2024 International Conference on Emerging Innovations and Advanced Computing (INNOCOMP)*, 2024, pp. 621–626. doi: `10.1109/INNOCOMP63224.2024.00107`. [15] M. Boucadair, L. M. Contreras, O. G. de Dios, T. Graf, R. Rahman, and L. Tailhardat, “RFC 3535, 20 Years Later: An Update of Operators Requirements on Network Management Protocols and Modelling”, Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet-Draft draft-boucadair-nmop-rfc3535-20years-later-07, Mar. 2025, Work in Progress, 39 pp. [Online]. Available: `https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-boucadair-nmop-rfc3535-20years-later/07/`. [16] M. G. Bhat, S. Bhattacharjee, C. Gündoğan, K. Alexandris, and A. Gogolev, “Core-conf, netconf, and restconf: Benchmarking network orchestration in constrained iiot devices”, *IEEE Internet of Things Journal*, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 13 082–13 090, 2024. doi: `10.1109/JIOT.2023.3338470`. [17] K. Sahlmann, T. Scheffler, and B. Schnor, “Ontology-driven device descriptions for iot network management”, in *2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)*, 2018, pp. 1–6. doi: `10.1109/GIOTS.2018.8534569`. [18] S. Sinche, D. Raposo, N. Armando, et al., “A survey of iot management protocols and frameworks”, *IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials*, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1168–1190, 2020. doi: `10.1109/COMST.2019.2943087`. [19] R. T. Fielding, *Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures*. University of California, Irvine, 2000. [20] C.-F. Liao, H.-C. Chang, and L.-C. Fu, “Message-Efficient Service Management Schemes for MOM-Based UPnP Networks”, *IEEE Transactions on Services Computing*, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 214–226, Apr. 2013, issn: 1939-1374. doi: `10.1109/TSC.2011.43`. [Online]. Available: `https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5963633/`. [21] B. Carballido Villaverde, R. D. P. Alberola, A. J. Jara, S. Fedor, S. K. Das, and D. Pesch, “Service Discovery Protocols for Constrained Machine-to-Machine Communications”, *IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials*, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 41–60, 2014, issn: 1553-877X. doi: `10.1109/SURV.2013.102213.00229`. [Online]. Available: `https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6657501/`. [22] G. Kayas, M. Hossain, J. Payton, and S. M. R. Islam, “An Overview of UPnP-based IoT Security: Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Prospective Solutions”, in *2020 11th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON)*, Jan. 2020, pp. 0452–0460. doi: `10.1109/IEMCON51383.2020.9284885`. [Online]. Available: `https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9284885/`. [23] M. Mahyoub, A. Mahmoud, and T. Sheltami, “An optimized discovery mechanism for smart objects in IoT”, in *2017 8th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON)*, Oct. 2017, pp. 649–655. doi: `10.1109/IEMCON.2017.8117191`. [Online]. Available: `https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8117191/`. [24] M. Stolikj, P. J. L. Cuijpers, J. J. Lukkien, and N. Buchina, “Context based service discovery in unmanaged networks using mDNS/DNS-SD”, in *2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)*, Jan. 2016, pp. 163–165. doi: `10.1109/ICCE.2016.7430565`. [Online]. Available: `https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7430565/`. [25] C.-F. Liao and Y.-J. Weng, “Enabling Space-Aware Service Discovery Model in Home Networks through a Compatible Extension to mDNS/DNS-SD”, *Electronics*, vol. 12, no. 18, p. 3885, 18 Jan. 2023, issn: 2079-9292. doi: `10.3390/electronics12183885`. [Online]. Available: `https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/18/3885`. [26] K. Seklou, P. Kokkinos, N. D. Tselikas, and A. C. Boukouvalas, “Monitoring and management of home appliances with netconf and yang”, in *Proceedings of the 23rd Pan-Hellenic Conference on Informatics, ser. PCI ’19*, Nicosia, Cyprus: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019, pp. 25–32, isbn: 9781450372923. doi: `10.1145/3368640.3368643`. [Online]. Available: `https://doi.org/10.1145/3368640.3368643`. [27] C. Chung and J. P. Jeong, “A Design of IoT Device Configuration Translator for Intent-Based IoT-Cloud Services”, in *2020 22nd International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)*, Feb. 2020, pp. 52–56. doi: `10.23919/ICACT48636.2020.9061282`. [Online]. Available: `https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9061282/`. [28] Y. Yigit, K. Huseynov, H. Ahmadi, and B. Canberk, “YA-DA: YAng-Based DAta Model for Fine-Grained IIoT Air Quality Monitoring”, in *2022 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)*, Feb. 2022, pp. 438–443. doi: `10.1109/GCWkshps56602.2022.10008637`. [Online]. Available: `https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10008637/`. [29] L. V. Cakir, T. Bilen, M. Özdem, and B. Canberk, “Digital Twin Middleware for Smart Farm IoT Networks”, in *2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)*, Jun. 2023, pp. 1–5. doi: `10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167962`. [Online]. Available: `https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10167962`. [30] IoT Atlas. “Model-view-controller (mvc)”. Accessed: 2025-05-01. (2023), [Online]. Available: `https://iotatlas.net/en/patterns/mvc/`. [31] K. Watsen, Q. Wu, P. Andersson, O. Hagsand, and H. Li, “List Pagination for YANG-driven Protocols”, Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet-Draft draft-ietf-netconf-list-pagination-07, Apr. 2025, Work in Progress, 68 pp. [Online]. Available: `https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-netconf-list-pagination/07/`. [32] A. Bierman, Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of Documents Containing YANG Data Models, RFC 8407, Oct. 2018. doi: `10.17487/RFC8407`. [Online]. Available: `https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8407`. [33] OpenConfig. “Openconfig style guide”. Accessed on May 12, 2025. (2025), [Online]. Available: `https://www.openconfig.net/docs/guides/style_guide/`. [34] C.-F. Liao, H.-H. Cheng, and L.-C. Fu, “Unifiable preference expressions for pervasive service composition”, in *2011 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference*, 2011, pp. 424–431. doi: `10.1109/APSCC.2011.11`. [35] M. Bjorklund. “Pyang”. GitHub repository. (2025), [Online]. Available: `https://github.com/mbj4668/pyang`. [36] P.-C. Chen. “Upnp-desc-to-yang”. GitHub repository. (2025), [Online]. Available: `https://github.com/pj-99/upnp-desc-to-yang`.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學系
112753115
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112753115
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 廖峻鋒zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liao, Chun-Fengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳品絜zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Pin-Chiehen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳品絜zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Pin-Chiehen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2025 13:58:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Aug-2025 13:58:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2025 13:58:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112753115en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158477-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 112753115zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著物聯網技術發展，裝置數量日益增長，大量的裝置仰賴服務管理協定來運作。在現有服務管理協定中，UPnP功能完整，但效能不佳，且服務描述受限於固定形式。mDNS/DNS-SD則是輕量化且相容性高的服務發現協定，然而它功能性不足，欠缺服務描述與服務存取機制。本研究針對前述問題，提出基於YANG資料模型與gNMI的服務管理機制，兼具表達彈性與效能潛力。YANG 為網路管理領域中廣泛使用的資料建模語言，具備良好可讀性與高度表達彈性。gNMI是建構在 gRPC 上的 YANG 網管協定，具備高效能特性。然而，基於YANG的網管協定欠缺動態發現裝置的能力，因此本研究針對 gNMI 提出兩種不同的服務發現方案：一是整合 mDNS/DNS-SD的去中心化服務發現方案，二是支援gNMI的服務目錄之集中式服務發現方案。本研究進一步針對物聯網場景，研製基於YANG與gNMI的服務管理系統。此外亦開發了將UPnP描述檔自動轉換為YANG的工具程式，降低開發負擔並促進既有系統的遷徙。最後透過系統原型進行實驗評估，驗證所提出的兩種服務發現方法的可行性，以及本系統在服務發現、存取與通知等面向的效能優於 UPnP 系統。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expand, the growing number of connected devices increasingly depends on service management protocols. While UPnP offers comprehensive functionality, it suffers from poor performance and a rigid service description format. In contrast, mDNS/DNS-SD is lightweight and highly compatible but lacks service description and access mechanisms. To address these limitations, this study proposes a service management framework based on the YANG data model and the gNMI protocol, combining expressive flexibility with high performance. YANG is widely used in network management for its readability and support for automation, while gNMI, built on gRPC, enables efficient data transmission. However, YANG-based protocols lack dynamic device discovery, limiting their use in IoT environments. This work specifically focuses on gNMI and introduces two discovery strategies: a decentralized approach using mDNS/DNS-SD and a centralized gNMI-based solution. We further design and implement a YANG/gNMI service management system tailored for IoT, along with a tool for automatically converting UPnP descriptions to YANG to facilitate system migration. Performance evaluations demonstrate the feasibility of both discovery methods and show that the proposed system delivers superior performance compared to UPnP across key features such as discovery, access, and notification.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 謝辭 i 摘要 ii Abstract iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 viii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究動機 3 1.3 研究目標 5 第二章 技術背景與相關研究 7 2.1 UPnP 7 2.2 mDNS/DNS-SD 9 2.3 YANG 11 2.3.1 YANG 與 UPnP 裝置及服務描述之比較 12 2.4 基於 YANG 的網路管理協定 13 2.4.1 NETCONF 13 2.4.2 RESTCONF 14 2.4.3 gNMI 15 2.5 相關研究 16 2.5.1 現有的物聯網服務管理機制 16 2.5.2 物聯網中的 YANG 17 第三章 系統設計 18 3.1 資料模型：UPnP 描述檔轉換 YANG 之設計 18 3.2 基於 YANG 與 gNMI 的服務管理系統 22 3.2.1 去中心化服務發現方案 24 3.2.2 集中式服務發現方案 25 3.2.3 兩種服務發現設計之特性比較 28 3.2.4 服務描述：取得自定義的 YANG schema 30 3.2.5 服務存取 31 3.2.6 通知機制 32 第四章 系統實作 33 4.1 資料模型：UPnP 描述檔轉換 YANG 之實作 33 4.2 基於 YANG 與 gNMI 的服務管理系統原型 33 4.2.1 裝置端服務發現模組 35 4.2.2 裝置端核心系統 36 4.2.3 集中式 Service Registry 的實作 38 4.3 實驗用的 UPnP 系統實作 39 第五章 系統評估 40 5.1 UPnP 描述檔轉換 YANG 的可行性評估 40 5.2 服務發現效能評估 41 5.2.1 服務發現的交通量 41 5.2.2 服務描述檔案交通量 43 5.2.3 服務發現回應時間 44 5.3 服務存取效能 45 5.3.1 服務存取回應時間 48 5.3.2 服務存取資源使用率 48 5.4 通知效能 49 5.4.1 通知延遲時間 50 5.4.2 通知資源使用率 51 第六章 結論 52 參考文獻 54zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3651634 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112753115en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) YANG data modelzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) gNMIzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mDNSzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) DNS-SDzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 服務發現zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 服務管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Internet of Thingzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) YANG data modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) gNMIen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mDNSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) DNS-SDen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Service Discoveryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Service Managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Internet of Thingen_US
dc.title (題名) 基於YANG資料模型與gNMI的物聯網服務管理機制zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Service Management Schemes for IoT Devices based on YANG Data Model and gNMIen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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