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題名 外匯價格變動準備金修正於壽險業匯率風險管理
The Impact of Revised Foreign Exchange Valuation Reserve on Currency Risk Management in the Life Insurance Industry
作者 林鴻陞
LIN, Hong-Sheng
貢獻者 張士傑<br>曾毓英
Chang, Shih-Chieh<br>Tzeng, Yu-Ying
林鴻陞
LIN, Hong-Sheng
關鍵詞 匯率避險
外匯價格變動準備金
壽險公司
違約風險
Foreign exchange hedging
FX valuation reserve
Life insurance
Default risk
日期 2025
上傳時間 4-Aug-2025 14:11:23 (UTC+8)
摘要 匯率避險對於高比率投資國外債券的台灣壽險業至為關鍵,金融監督管理委員會自2024年9月6日推動「外匯價格變動準備金新制」,作為提升壽險業財務穩健的政策工具。本研究結合資本市場模擬、經濟資產負債模型與多元避險工具,評估新舊制於實務避險成效之差異。避險組合涵蓋自然避險、CS、NDF與一籃子NDF,並搭配新舊制外匯準備金機制,進行10,000次模擬,從四項違約風險指標與兩項清償能力指標進行量化比較。 模擬結果顯示,在基礎情境下,採用新制可有效降低虧損機率與風險損失,例如模擬10年期之虧損機率由9.43%降至8.70%,VaR下降約13%;股東權益買權價值亦略為提升,顯示具潛在資本緩衝效益。敏感度分析進一步指出,避險比率、資產負債比與預定利率為影響違約風險的主要因子;相對而言,投保年齡上限對風險影響有限。整體而言,外匯準備金新制在各情境下皆可維持低於舊制的風險水準,尤其在高淨曝險下具備較佳的風險緩解效果。惟單靠新制仍難以抵銷低避險比率所導致之風險上升,建議壽險公司於適用新制後同步強化避險配置,以提升整體資本韌性與風險承擔能力。
Foreign exchange (FX) hedging is critical for Taiwanese life insurers with high overseas bond exposure. To enhance financial resilience, Taiwan's Financial Supervisory Commission implemented a new FX reserve mechanism on September 6, 2024. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the new regime by simulating capital market dynamics and incorporating an economic asset-liability model with various hedging tools, including natural hedging, currency swaps (CS), NDFs, and proxy baskets. A total of 10,000 simulations compare the new and old systems using four default risk indicators and two solvency metrics. Results show that under the baseline scenario, the new regime reduces default probability (e.g., 10-year SP drops from 9.43% to 8.70%) and improves capital buffers, with slightly lower VaR and higher call option values on shareholder equity. Sensitivity analysis identifies hedge ratio, asset-liability ratio, and guaranteed interest rate as key risk drivers, while the policyholder age limit has limited impact. Overall, the new reserve regime consistently yields lower risk than the old system, especially under high net FX exposure. However, it cannot fully offset risks from insufficient hedging. Insurers are advised to complement the new regime with adequate hedge ratios to enhance capital resilience and risk control.
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Default Risk, Bankruptcy Procedures and the Market Value of Life Insurance Liabilities. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 40(2), 231-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2006.04.005 Cox, J. C., Ingersoll, J. E., & Ross, S. A. (1985). A theory of the term structure of interest rates. Econometrica, 53(2), 385-407. https://doi.org/10.2307/1911242 Du, W., & Huber, A. W. (2024). Dollar asset holdings and hedging around the globe (Publication Number 32453) [NBER Working Paper]. Jacobs Levy Equity Management Center for Quantitative Financial Research Paper; The Wharton School Research Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4478513 Emmerich, C. v. (2009). A square root process for modelling correlation[Doctoral dissertation]. University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal. Gouriéroux, C., & Valéry, P. (2004). Estimation of a jacobi process. Preprint, 116, 1-67. http://www.scse.ca/scse/congres2004/articles/Valery_Gourieroux.pdf Griffin, M.W. (1990). An Excess Spread Approach to Nonpar-ticipating Insurance Products. Transactions of Society of Actuaries, 42, 231-258. https://www.soa.org/globalassets/assets/library/research/transactions-of-society-of-actuaries/1990-95/1990/january/tsa90v4210.pdf Grosen, A., & Jorgensen, P. L. (2002). Life insurance liabilities at market value: An analysis of insolvency risk, bonus policy, and regulatory intervention rules in a barrier option framework. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 69(1), 63-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6975.00005 Hao, J. C. (2011). The pricing for interest sensitive products of life insurance firms. Modern Economy, 2(03), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2011.23025 Heston, S. L. (1993). A closed-form solution for options with stochastic volatility with applications to bond and currency options. The Review of Financial Studies, 6(2), 327-343. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2962057 Liao, G. Y., & Zhang, T. (2025). The hedging channel of exchange rate determination. The Review of Financial Studies, 38(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhae072 Mamon, R. S. (2004). Three ways to solve for bond prices in the Vasicek model. Journal of applied mathematics & decision sciences, 8(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/S117391260400001X Meese, R. A. & Rogoff, K. (1983). Empirical exchange rate models of the seventies: Do they fit out of sample? Journal of International Economics, 14(1-2), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(83)90017-X Meese, R. A. & Rogoff, K. (1988). Was It Real? The Exchange Rate-Interest Differential Relation over the Modern. Journal of Finance, 43(4), 933-948. https://doi.org/10.2307/2328144 Merton, R. C. (1976). Option pricing when underlying stock returns are discontinuous. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(1-2), 125-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90022-2 Miao, Z. (2018). CIR modeling of interest rates[Bachelor's Thesis]. Linnaeus University. https://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1270329/FULLTEXT01.pdf Moodley, N. (2005). The heston model: A practical approach with matlab code. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. https://www.scribd.com/doc/103047236/The-Heston-Mode-A-Practical-Approach Vasicek, O. (1977). An equilibrium characterization of the term structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2), 177-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(77)90016-2 Zeytun, S., & Gupta, A. (2007). A comparative study of the Vasicek and the CIR model of the short rate(ITWM Report No.124). Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik, Fraunhofer. https://d-nb.info/1027388515/34 網路資料 MoneyDJ理財網(n.d.)。無本金交割遠期外匯(NDF)。MoneyDJ理財網。擷取於1月16日2025年。https://www.moneydj.com/kmdj/wiki/wikiviewer.aspx?keyid=0351869a-1915-4e87-81be-dc468f920c6c。 Yahoo!股市(n.d.)。台股ETF資產規模排行榜。Yahoo!股市。擷取於1月16日2025年,https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/tw-etf/total-assets。 陳欣文、黃于庭(2025年5月13日)。申請外匯準備金新制,壽險雙雄觀望。工商時報。https://www.ctee.com.tw/news/20250417700067-439901。 中華民國人壽保險商業同業公會(2024,9月6日)。人身保險業外匯價格變動準備金應注意事項。所有條文-保險相關法規查詢系統。https://law.lia-roc.org.tw/Law/Content?lsid=FL064219。 中華民國人壽保險商業同業公會(2023年3月31日)。外匯價格變動準備金問答集修正對照表。https://www.lia-roc.org.tw/storage/uploads/651faae90c98a.pdf。 中華民國中央銀行全球資訊網(2024年5月17日)。中央銀行年報。中華民國112年目錄。https://www.cbc.gov.tw/tw/cp-726-169713-78cf7-1.html。 張士傑(2024,1月17日)。匯率替代避險的關鍵風險指標。工商時報。https://www.ctee.com.tw/news/20240117700103-439901。 兆豐銀行(n.d.)。外匯交換。兆豐銀行。擷取於1月16日2025年。https://www.megabank.com.tw/corporate/market/hedge/fx-derivatives/fx-swaps。 兆豐銀行(n.d.)。遠期外匯。兆豐銀行。擷取於1月16日2025年。https://www.megabank.com.tw/corporate/market/hedge/fx-derivatives/fx-exchange。 兆豐銀行(n.d.)。換匯換利。兆豐銀行。擷取於1月16日2025年。https://www.megabank.com.tw/corporate/market/hedge/fx-derivatives/ccs。 金融監督管理委員會(2012,2月29日)。落實人身保險業外匯價格變動準備金機制。新聞稿。https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=201202290011&toolsflag=Y&dtable=News。 金融監督管理委員會(2024,9月6日)。人身保險業外匯價格變動準備金應注意事項。歷史法規。https://law.fsc.gov.tw/LawContentSource.aspx?id=GL000393#lawmenu 金融監督管理委員會(2024,10月15日)。為強化壽險業資本健全性,金管會發布外匯價格變動準備金新制。新聞稿。https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202410150005&aplistdn=ou=news,ou=multisite,ou=chinese,ou=ap_root,o=fsc,c=tw&dtable=News。 政府資料開放平台。銀行間市場新台幣對美元收盤匯率。資料集。擷取於2025年4月28日。https://data.gov.tw/dataset/7232。 財經 M平方(n.d.)。台灣-公債殖利率。財經 M平方。擷取於1月16日2025年。https://www.macromicro.me/charts/43248/tai-wan-gong-zhai-zhi-li-lyu。 財團法人保險事業發展中心(2024,5月27日)。保險業資產占金融機構資產比率表。保險財務業務統計。https://www.tii.org.tw/tii/information/information1/000001.html 財團法人保險事業發展中心(2024,12月20日)。保險業資產負債表。保險財務業務統計。https://www.tii.org.tw/tii/information/information1/000001.html 財團法人保險事業發展中心(n.d.)。人壽保險業資金運用表。壽險財業務統計各類報表。擷取於1月16日2025年。https://www.tii.org.tw/report_test/2040/PDF2040_2023.pdf
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
風險管理與保險學系
112358032
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112358032
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張士傑<br>曾毓英zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Shih-Chieh<br>Tzeng, Yu-Yingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林鴻陞zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) LIN, Hong-Shengen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林鴻陞zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) LIN, Hong-Shengen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2025 14:11:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Aug-2025 14:11:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2025 14:11:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112358032en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158520-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 風險管理與保險學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 112358032zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 匯率避險對於高比率投資國外債券的台灣壽險業至為關鍵,金融監督管理委員會自2024年9月6日推動「外匯價格變動準備金新制」,作為提升壽險業財務穩健的政策工具。本研究結合資本市場模擬、經濟資產負債模型與多元避險工具,評估新舊制於實務避險成效之差異。避險組合涵蓋自然避險、CS、NDF與一籃子NDF,並搭配新舊制外匯準備金機制,進行10,000次模擬,從四項違約風險指標與兩項清償能力指標進行量化比較。 模擬結果顯示,在基礎情境下,採用新制可有效降低虧損機率與風險損失,例如模擬10年期之虧損機率由9.43%降至8.70%,VaR下降約13%;股東權益買權價值亦略為提升,顯示具潛在資本緩衝效益。敏感度分析進一步指出,避險比率、資產負債比與預定利率為影響違約風險的主要因子;相對而言,投保年齡上限對風險影響有限。整體而言,外匯準備金新制在各情境下皆可維持低於舊制的風險水準,尤其在高淨曝險下具備較佳的風險緩解效果。惟單靠新制仍難以抵銷低避險比率所導致之風險上升,建議壽險公司於適用新制後同步強化避險配置,以提升整體資本韌性與風險承擔能力。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Foreign exchange (FX) hedging is critical for Taiwanese life insurers with high overseas bond exposure. To enhance financial resilience, Taiwan's Financial Supervisory Commission implemented a new FX reserve mechanism on September 6, 2024. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the new regime by simulating capital market dynamics and incorporating an economic asset-liability model with various hedging tools, including natural hedging, currency swaps (CS), NDFs, and proxy baskets. A total of 10,000 simulations compare the new and old systems using four default risk indicators and two solvency metrics. Results show that under the baseline scenario, the new regime reduces default probability (e.g., 10-year SP drops from 9.43% to 8.70%) and improves capital buffers, with slightly lower VaR and higher call option values on shareholder equity. Sensitivity analysis identifies hedge ratio, asset-liability ratio, and guaranteed interest rate as key risk drivers, while the policyholder age limit has limited impact. Overall, the new reserve regime consistently yields lower risk than the old system, especially under high net FX exposure. However, it cannot fully offset risks from insufficient hedging. Insurers are advised to complement the new regime with adequate hedge ratios to enhance capital resilience and risk control.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 i Abstract ii 目次 iii 表次 iv 圖次 v 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 文獻回顧 12 第二章 研究模型 18 第一節 資本市場情境 18 第二節 負債模型 22 第三節 避險工具 26 第四節 經濟資產負債模型 32 第五節 違約風險評估 32 第三章 研究結果 36 第一節 參數估計與設定 36 第二節 模擬過程 40 第三節 分析結果 56 第四章 結論與建議 68 參考文獻 70 文獻資料 70 網路資料 74zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2695482 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112358032en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 匯率避險zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外匯價格變動準備金zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 壽險公司zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 違約風險zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Foreign exchange hedgingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) FX valuation reserveen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Life insuranceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Default risken_US
dc.title (題名) 外匯價格變動準備金修正於壽險業匯率風險管理zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Impact of Revised Foreign Exchange Valuation Reserve on Currency Risk Management in the Life Insurance Industryen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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