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題名 職業軍人退伍轉職調適之研究－以空軍軍官幹部為例
Career Transition Adaptation of Retired Professional Military Personnel: A Case Study of Air Force Officers作者 劉立德
Liu, Li-Te貢獻者 白仁德
劉立德
Liu, Li-Te關鍵詞 職涯轉換
軍職人員
自我價值
再就業
Job Transition
Military Personnel
Self-Value
Reemployment日期 2025 上傳時間 4-Aug-2025 14:44:36 (UTC+8) 摘要 由於國軍制度導致軍職人員常需於中壯年階段面臨轉職挑戰，且隨著社會步入高齡化，軍人退伍後的再就業不僅受到年齡限制，也面臨技能轉移與市場需求落差的困難。除了企業管理與軍中的領導統御有相似之處，其他工作特性與職場文化都與軍中有著很大的不同。因此，本研究旨在探討空軍軍官同仁（含現役與已退伍人員），於退伍轉職過程中所遇到或是即將遇到的問題，以及思考如何發展因應之道。 本研究以質性半結構深度訪談來進行資料的蒐集，並以Schlossberg（1981）的「生涯過渡理論」為理論框架，從情境、自我、支持與策略四個構面分析退伍軍人轉職的調適過程。本研究共邀8位涵蓋各項職能的空軍軍官幹部執行訪談，且特別選取退伍時間介於近七年內或是規劃近五年退伍的軍官幹部為主要研究對象，以確保受訪者對退伍轉職經驗仍具清晰記憶與感受，或正在對未來退伍期程安排相關規劃。 本研究藉由以上四大構面的剖析，搭配訪談與實務分析，得出「退伍情境差異影響轉職歷程」、「自我特質與軍旅經驗之雙面性影響」、「社會支持穩定轉職歷程」及「轉職策略當採許行動與心理雙軌並行」等結論要項，並針對退伍軍人個人及政策制定者提出相關具體建議，以幫助退伍軍人更順利地進入民間職場實現自我價值，並利後續研究者與政策制定者參考運用。
Because of the current military policies, Taiwanese military personnel often face challenges when changing careers during middle age. Additionally, retired military officers encounter difficulties finding new employment, both due to age-related restrictions and a mismatch between their military skills and civilian job market demands. Except for similarities in leadership and management, the nature and culture of civilian workplaces differ significantly from military environments. Therefore, this research focuses on exploring the issues faced or anticipated by Air Force officers (both currently serving and retired) during their career transition process. This study collected data through qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews, using Schlossberg’s (1981) "Career Transition Theory" as a guiding framework. The theory analyzes career adjustments from 4 dimensions: Situation, Self, Support, and Strategy. There are 8 Air Force officers from various professional backgrounds were interviewed, specifically those who retired within the past seven years or who plan to retire within the next five years. This selection ensured that participants clearly remembered their career transition experiences or were actively involved in planning their future transitions. Based on an analysis of the four dimensions, combined with interviews and practical analysis, this study draws key conclusions including: 1.Different retirement situations significantly impact career transition processes. 2.Personal characteristics and military experience have both positive and negative effects on the transition process. 3.Stable social support helps smooth the career transition. 4.Career transition strategies should simultaneously address practical actions and psychological adjustments. Furthermore, this study provides practical recommendations for both retired military personnel and policymakers. The goal is to help retired military personnel smoothly enter civilian workplaces, fulfill their potential, and offer valuable insights for future research and policy decisions.參考文獻 參考文獻 一、中文部分 丁華、古允文（2006）。戰場轉換-青壯年常備役退伍軍人轉業困境初探。復興崗學報，88，123-147。 丁華（2008）。我國青壯年志願役退伍軍人就業研究：人力資本與社會資本的觀察。國立暨南大學人文學院，博士論文。 王章權（2010）。志願役軍官職場轉換工作適應性之研究。樹德科技大學經營管理研究所，碩士論文。 司誠正（2011）。我國無退俸青壯榮民就業政策研究-以台中市青壯榮民為例。國立中興大學國家政策與公共事務研究所，碩士論文。 江珮瑜（2003）。高職餐飲管理科建教合作生自我概念與實習機構社會適應關係之研究。中國文化大學生活應用科學研究所碩士論文。 朱淑媛（2006）。自費安養中心單身老榮民的生命經驗。國立台北護理學院護理研究所，碩士論文。 朱俊賢與徐名敬（2019）。我的獵場在何方？二位原住民退伍軍人轉職歷程之探討。南亞學報，12，184-204。 宋洋孝（2019）。影響退伍軍人職涯轉換因素之研究。國立金門大學管理學院事業經營研究所，碩士論文。 冷怡萱（2014）。校級軍官退休再就業適應經驗之研究。國立中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所，碩士論文。 李育昇（2014）。退伍軍人生涯轉換之研究-以領取終身俸陸軍士官為例。國立暨南國際大學心理健康與諮詢碩士學位，碩士論文。 林美蓉（1999）。中年婦女的生涯轉換。國立政治大學教育學系，博士論文。 吳芝儀（2000）。生涯探索與規劃：我的生涯手冊。濤石出版社。 邱雅玲（2007）。服務團隊特性與員工顧客導向間關係之研究─以飯店餐廳服務人員為例。國立東華大學企業管理所，碩士論文。 胡幼慧（2008）。質性研究--理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。巨流圖書出版社。 張瑞容（2021）。退伍軍人生涯轉換之研究-以領取終身俸陸軍士官為例。國立暨南國際大學心理健康與諮詢研究所，碩士論文。 張緯良（2006）。「企業e化之營運管理」。前程文化。 黃中書（2009）。退役軍官生涯轉換之探索性研究。中原大學企業管理研究所，碩士論文。 郭旭哲（2017）。探討退伍軍人再就業動機、就業障礙對其社會適應、工作滿意度的影響。義守大學管理學院研究所，碩士論文。 葉佳瑜（2014）。外籍看護工的充能式教育計劃研究。東海大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中。 二、外文部分 Baldwin, J.(2013). Social Support Systems and Their Role in Veteran Reintegration: Addressing Gaps Between Psychological Services and Vocational Counseling. Journal of Military Social Work,2(3),210-225. Baldwin, J.(2013). Social Support and Veterans’ Transition to Civilian Life: Emotional, Tangible, and Informational Support Systems. Journal of Military Social Work, 2(1), 112-130. Baruch, Y., & Quick, J. C. (2007). Veterans’ Transition to Civilian Life: The Role of Multi-Level Support Systems in Occupational Adjustment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(4), 347-365. Becker, G. S. (1993). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education (3rd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Clarke, M. (2008). Understanding and managing employability in changing career contexts. Journal of European Industrial Training, 32(4), 258-284. Cullen, D., & Luna, A. (2015). Transferring Military Skills to Civilian Employment: Challenges and Strategies. Journal of Veterans’ Studies, 2(1), 55-67. Kleykamp, M. (2009). A Great Place to Start? The Role of Military Service in the Transition to Civilian Employment for Veterans. Sociological Perspectives, 52(2), 233-256. Koenig, M. A., Clément, F., & Harris, P. L. (2004). Trust in testimony: Children's use of true and false statements. Psychological Science, 15(10), 694–698. Koenig, R., Eagly, A., & Perrin, L. (2004). Challenges in the Civilian Workforce for Veterans: The Role of Military Skill Specialization and Transferability. Journal of Occupational Psychology and Career Development, 12(4), 203-220. Le Maistre, C., & Paré, A. (2010). Whatever it takes: How beginning teachers learn to survive. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 16(3), 399–414. Schlossberg, N. K. (1981) A model for analyzing human adaption to transition. The Counseling Psychologist, 9(2), 2-18 Schlossberg, N. K. (1984). Counseling Adults in Transition: Linking Practice with Theory. New York: Springer Publishing Company Smith, J. R. (2008). Health Challenges Facing Veterans Post-Service: Implications for Civilian Employment. Military Medicine Journal, 173(3), 211-218. Smith, J. (2015). The Role of Social Support in Enhancing Veterans’ Skill Acquisition and Workplace Adjustment. Journal of Career Development, 42(4), 345-362. Sharf, R. S. (2016). Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Sullivan, K., & Wong, A. (2011). Translating Military Skills to Civilian Applications: Effective Strategies for Veterans in Transition. Journal of Career Transition Studies, 8(3), 215-228. 三、網路部分 陸海空軍服役條例（2018）。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=F0040020 國軍113學年度軍事學校正期班甄選入學招生簡章（2024），https://www.nhush.tp.edu.tw/wp-content/uploads/doc/nhush322/113%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E8%BB%8D%E6%A0%A1%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B0%A1%E7%AB%A0.pdf 空軍航空技術學院113年度「國軍二技軍官班」招生簡章 https://fliphtml5.com/stwml/dsgu/%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2113%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8C%E6%8A%80%E8%BB%8D%E5%AE%98%E7%8F%AD%E3%80%8D%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B0%A1%E7%AB%A01/ 113學年度國軍「士官二專班」聯合招生簡章 https://www.ives.ncku.edu.tw/upload/2023/11/20231127181616.pdf 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
110921210資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110921210 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 白仁德 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉立德 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liu, Li-Te en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉立德 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu, Li-Te en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2025 14:44:36 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Aug-2025 14:44:36 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2025 14:44:36 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110921210 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158629 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110921210 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於國軍制度導致軍職人員常需於中壯年階段面臨轉職挑戰，且隨著社會步入高齡化，軍人退伍後的再就業不僅受到年齡限制，也面臨技能轉移與市場需求落差的困難。除了企業管理與軍中的領導統御有相似之處，其他工作特性與職場文化都與軍中有著很大的不同。因此，本研究旨在探討空軍軍官同仁（含現役與已退伍人員），於退伍轉職過程中所遇到或是即將遇到的問題，以及思考如何發展因應之道。 本研究以質性半結構深度訪談來進行資料的蒐集，並以Schlossberg（1981）的「生涯過渡理論」為理論框架，從情境、自我、支持與策略四個構面分析退伍軍人轉職的調適過程。本研究共邀8位涵蓋各項職能的空軍軍官幹部執行訪談，且特別選取退伍時間介於近七年內或是規劃近五年退伍的軍官幹部為主要研究對象，以確保受訪者對退伍轉職經驗仍具清晰記憶與感受，或正在對未來退伍期程安排相關規劃。 本研究藉由以上四大構面的剖析，搭配訪談與實務分析，得出「退伍情境差異影響轉職歷程」、「自我特質與軍旅經驗之雙面性影響」、「社會支持穩定轉職歷程」及「轉職策略當採許行動與心理雙軌並行」等結論要項，並針對退伍軍人個人及政策制定者提出相關具體建議，以幫助退伍軍人更順利地進入民間職場實現自我價值，並利後續研究者與政策制定者參考運用。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Because of the current military policies, Taiwanese military personnel often face challenges when changing careers during middle age. Additionally, retired military officers encounter difficulties finding new employment, both due to age-related restrictions and a mismatch between their military skills and civilian job market demands. Except for similarities in leadership and management, the nature and culture of civilian workplaces differ significantly from military environments. Therefore, this research focuses on exploring the issues faced or anticipated by Air Force officers (both currently serving and retired) during their career transition process. This study collected data through qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews, using Schlossberg’s (1981) "Career Transition Theory" as a guiding framework. The theory analyzes career adjustments from 4 dimensions: Situation, Self, Support, and Strategy. There are 8 Air Force officers from various professional backgrounds were interviewed, specifically those who retired within the past seven years or who plan to retire within the next five years. This selection ensured that participants clearly remembered their career transition experiences or were actively involved in planning their future transitions. Based on an analysis of the four dimensions, combined with interviews and practical analysis, this study draws key conclusions including: 1.Different retirement situations significantly impact career transition processes. 2.Personal characteristics and military experience have both positive and negative effects on the transition process. 3.Stable social support helps smooth the career transition. 4.Career transition strategies should simultaneously address practical actions and psychological adjustments. Furthermore, this study provides practical recommendations for both retired military personnel and policymakers. The goal is to help retired military personnel smoothly enter civilian workplaces, fulfill their potential, and offer valuable insights for future research and policy decisions. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 7 第三節 研究內容與流程 8 第二章 文獻回顧 11 第一節 軍職人員生涯發展 11 第二節 職涯暨職能轉換 16 第三節 社會適應 24 第四節 社會支持 30 第三章 研究方法與設計 37 第一節 研究方法 37 第二節 研究架構 39 第三節 訪談對象 41 第四節 訪談大綱 43 第四章 退伍轉職調適之實證分析 48 第一節 職場轉換情境分析 48 第二節 職場轉換自我分析 58 第三節 職場轉換支持分析 67 第四節 職場轉換策略分析 79 第五節 構面間相互影響分析 87 第五章 結論與建議 94 第一節 結論 94 第二節 建議 96 第三節 後續研究方向 100 參考文獻 102 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2007190 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110921210 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 職涯轉換 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 軍職人員 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自我價值 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 再就業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Job Transition en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Military Personnel en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Self-Value en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Reemployment en_US dc.title (題名) 職業軍人退伍轉職調適之研究－以空軍軍官幹部為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Career Transition Adaptation of Retired Professional Military Personnel: A Case Study of Air Force Officers en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻 一、中文部分 丁華、古允文（2006）。戰場轉換-青壯年常備役退伍軍人轉業困境初探。復興崗學報，88，123-147。 丁華（2008）。我國青壯年志願役退伍軍人就業研究：人力資本與社會資本的觀察。國立暨南大學人文學院，博士論文。 王章權（2010）。志願役軍官職場轉換工作適應性之研究。樹德科技大學經營管理研究所，碩士論文。 司誠正（2011）。我國無退俸青壯榮民就業政策研究-以台中市青壯榮民為例。國立中興大學國家政策與公共事務研究所，碩士論文。 江珮瑜（2003）。高職餐飲管理科建教合作生自我概念與實習機構社會適應關係之研究。中國文化大學生活應用科學研究所碩士論文。 朱淑媛（2006）。自費安養中心單身老榮民的生命經驗。國立台北護理學院護理研究所，碩士論文。 朱俊賢與徐名敬（2019）。我的獵場在何方？二位原住民退伍軍人轉職歷程之探討。南亞學報，12，184-204。 宋洋孝（2019）。影響退伍軍人職涯轉換因素之研究。國立金門大學管理學院事業經營研究所，碩士論文。 冷怡萱（2014）。校級軍官退休再就業適應經驗之研究。國立中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所，碩士論文。 李育昇（2014）。退伍軍人生涯轉換之研究-以領取終身俸陸軍士官為例。國立暨南國際大學心理健康與諮詢碩士學位，碩士論文。 林美蓉（1999）。中年婦女的生涯轉換。國立政治大學教育學系，博士論文。 吳芝儀（2000）。生涯探索與規劃：我的生涯手冊。濤石出版社。 邱雅玲（2007）。服務團隊特性與員工顧客導向間關係之研究─以飯店餐廳服務人員為例。國立東華大學企業管理所，碩士論文。 胡幼慧（2008）。質性研究--理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。巨流圖書出版社。 張瑞容（2021）。退伍軍人生涯轉換之研究-以領取終身俸陸軍士官為例。國立暨南國際大學心理健康與諮詢研究所，碩士論文。 張緯良（2006）。「企業e化之營運管理」。前程文化。 黃中書（2009）。退役軍官生涯轉換之探索性研究。中原大學企業管理研究所，碩士論文。 郭旭哲（2017）。探討退伍軍人再就業動機、就業障礙對其社會適應、工作滿意度的影響。義守大學管理學院研究所，碩士論文。 葉佳瑜（2014）。外籍看護工的充能式教育計劃研究。東海大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中。 二、外文部分 Baldwin, J.(2013). Social Support Systems and Their Role in Veteran Reintegration: Addressing Gaps Between Psychological Services and Vocational Counseling. Journal of Military Social Work,2(3),210-225. Baldwin, J.(2013). Social Support and Veterans’ Transition to Civilian Life: Emotional, Tangible, and Informational Support Systems. Journal of Military Social Work, 2(1), 112-130. Baruch, Y., & Quick, J. C. (2007). Veterans’ Transition to Civilian Life: The Role of Multi-Level Support Systems in Occupational Adjustment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(4), 347-365. Becker, G. S. (1993). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education (3rd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Clarke, M. (2008). Understanding and managing employability in changing career contexts. Journal of European Industrial Training, 32(4), 258-284. Cullen, D., & Luna, A. (2015). Transferring Military Skills to Civilian Employment: Challenges and Strategies. Journal of Veterans’ Studies, 2(1), 55-67. Kleykamp, M. (2009). A Great Place to Start? The Role of Military Service in the Transition to Civilian Employment for Veterans. Sociological Perspectives, 52(2), 233-256. Koenig, M. A., Clément, F., & Harris, P. L. (2004). Trust in testimony: Children's use of true and false statements. Psychological Science, 15(10), 694–698. Koenig, R., Eagly, A., & Perrin, L. (2004). Challenges in the Civilian Workforce for Veterans: The Role of Military Skill Specialization and Transferability. Journal of Occupational Psychology and Career Development, 12(4), 203-220. Le Maistre, C., & Paré, A. (2010). Whatever it takes: How beginning teachers learn to survive. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 16(3), 399–414. Schlossberg, N. K. (1981) A model for analyzing human adaption to transition. The Counseling Psychologist, 9(2), 2-18 Schlossberg, N. K. (1984). Counseling Adults in Transition: Linking Practice with Theory. New York: Springer Publishing Company Smith, J. R. (2008). Health Challenges Facing Veterans Post-Service: Implications for Civilian Employment. Military Medicine Journal, 173(3), 211-218. Smith, J. (2015). The Role of Social Support in Enhancing Veterans’ Skill Acquisition and Workplace Adjustment. Journal of Career Development, 42(4), 345-362. Sharf, R. S. (2016). Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Sullivan, K., & Wong, A. (2011). Translating Military Skills to Civilian Applications: Effective Strategies for Veterans in Transition. Journal of Career Transition Studies, 8(3), 215-228. 三、網路部分 陸海空軍服役條例（2018）。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=F0040020 國軍113學年度軍事學校正期班甄選入學招生簡章（2024），https://www.nhush.tp.edu.tw/wp-content/uploads/doc/nhush322/113%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E8%BB%8D%E6%A0%A1%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B0%A1%E7%AB%A0.pdf 空軍航空技術學院113年度「國軍二技軍官班」招生簡章 https://fliphtml5.com/stwml/dsgu/%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2113%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8C%E6%8A%80%E8%BB%8D%E5%AE%98%E7%8F%AD%E3%80%8D%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B0%A1%E7%AB%A01/ 113學年度國軍「士官二專班」聯合招生簡章 https://www.ives.ncku.edu.tw/upload/2023/11/20231127181616.pdf zh_TW
