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題名 氣候變遷對職業災害發生率之影響 - 以臺灣各縣市為例
The Impact of Climate Change on the Incidence of Occupational Accidents-Evidence from Taiwan作者 李雅雪
Lee, Ya-Hsueh貢獻者 黃智聰
Huang, Jr-Tsung
李雅雪
Lee, Ya-Hsueh關鍵詞 氣候變遷
職業災害
高溫
空間計量
Climate Change
Occupational Accidents
High Temperature
Spatial Econometrics日期 2025 上傳時間 4-Aug-2025 14:46:34 (UTC+8) 摘要 氣候變遷已成為21世紀最嚴峻的全球性挑戰，其影響不僅涉及自然生態系統，亦對人類健康與社會經濟帶來深遠影響。極端氣候所帶來的職業災害風險，以農業、建築業與漁業等需長時間於戶外作業之行業最為明顯。高溫環境除威脅勞動者生理健康外，亦可能導致過度疲勞、注意力下降與作業錯誤，進而提高職業災害發生風險。目前氣候變遷相關研究多聚焦於環境科學與公共衛生領域，對其如何影響職業災害的發生尚缺乏整合性與區域性分析，特別是不同產業與地區的差異性更有待釐清。現行政策亦多著眼於宏觀層面的減碳與能源轉型，對於直接影響勞工安全保障措施相對不足，導致戶外工作者在面對極端氣候時，缺乏足夠的防護機制與因應策略。 為填補現有文獻的空白，本研究旨在探討氣候變遷下高溫環境對職業災害發生率之影響，研究整合臺灣中央氣象署2011至2023年氣象資料與各縣市職災統計，運用空間自我迴歸模型（SAR），探討氣溫變化與職災發生率之間的關聯性，並納入空間相依性因素，強化模型解釋力。實證結果顯示，高溫與職災率具有顯著正向關係，表示氣候變遷對勞動安全構成潛在風險，此研究發現可協助政府制定更具針對性的勞動政策，包括提升戶外工人的工作環境安全性、設立高溫作業的預警機制及防護指引，並鼓勵企業採取適應性措施，及減少員工在極端天氣條件下的暴露時間，透過深入研究氣候變遷與職業災害之間的關係，促進勞動者健康保障與企業永續發展，亦為政府制定具體勞動政策提供科學依據。
Climate change is one of the most critical global challenges of the 21st century, with far-reaching impacts on natural ecosystems, human health, and socioeconomic systems. Occupational risks from extreme weather are especially prominent in outdoor labor-intensive sectors such as agriculture, construction, and fisheries. High temperatures can endanger workers’ health, increase fatigue, reduce concentration, and lead to operational errors—raising the risk of occupational accidents. While existing studies mainly focus on environmental science and public health, limited research explores the link between climate change and occupational accidents across regions and industries. Current policies often emphasize macro-level goals like carbon reduction, but lack adequate protection for workers exposed to extreme weather. This study addresses this gap by examining the effect of high temperatures on occupational accident rates in Taiwan. Using meteorological data from the Central Weather Administration and county-level accident statistics from 2011 to 2023, we apply Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) to assess the relationship between temperature variation and accident rates, incorporating spatial dependence. Results reveal a significant positive correlation between high temperatures and occupational accident rates, indicating that climate change poses a growing threat to labor safety. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing outdoor work safety, implementing heat-warning systems and protective guidelines, promoting enterprise-level adaptation strategies, and reducing worker exposure during extreme weather. This research provides a scientific basis for targeted labor policies that support worker health and sustainable development.參考文獻 壹、中文文獻 李聯雄、盧佩玲、鄭淑芳（2009），「外籍勞工安全衛生管理制度與規範研究」。《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》，17（3），頁283-299。 邱俊祥、陳信宏、胡淑娟、葉承欣、龍世、陳志勇（2020），「營造業戶外作業因應氣候變遷之觀測及分析」。《勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊》，28（3），頁28-38。 吳威德、陳俊銘、林光邦、曹常成（2021），「職業災害統計指標歷年趨勢分析及改善探討」。《勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊》，29（1），頁108-122。 陳振菶（2023），「氣候變遷對職場安全衛生之挑戰－談戶外高氣溫危害預防」。《台灣勞工季刊》，73，頁35-45。 陳怡靜、鄭雅文（2020），「檢視職業傷害的趨勢、分布與社會不平等：勞保現金給付之分析」。《台灣衛誌》，39（3），頁326-336。 曹常成、邱馨瑩、高崇洋、卓育賢（2011），「營造業中高齡勞工職災特性分析」。《勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊》，19（3），頁502-532。 國家科學及技術委員會（2024），「臺灣氣候變遷科學報告2024：現象、衝擊與調適」。臺北：國家科學及技術委員會。 楊崇暉、黃聯海（2005），「我國工業安全管理與職業災害預防現況之探討」。《危機管理學刊》，2（2），頁29-38。 鄭世岳（2021），「職業災害預防之理論與實踐」。《台灣勞工季刊》，67，頁14-21。 貳、 英文文獻 Applebaum, M., Jay Graham, M. Gray, Peter LaPuma, A. McCormick, Amanda Northcross, and J. Perry (2016), “An Overview of Occupational Risks from Climate Change.” Current Environmental Health Reports,3(1), 13-22. Bande, R. and Elva López-Mourelo (2015), “The Impact of Worker’s Age on the Consequences of Occupational Accidents: Empirical Evidence Using Spanish Data.” Journal of Labor Research, 36, 129-174. Benavides, F.G. and G.L. Delclos (2024), “Climate Emergency and Decent Work.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 50(4), 229-232. Bird, F. E. and G. L. Germain (1985), “Practical Loss Control Leadership.” Loganville, GA: Det Norske Veritas. Ghamari, F., I. Mohammadfam, A. Mohammadbeigi, H. Ebrahimi, and M. Khodayari (2013), “Determination of Effective Risk Factors in Incidence of Occupational Accidents in One of the Large Metal Industries, Arak (2005-2007).” Iran Occupational Health, 9(4), 89-96. Charmaine, M. J. (2023), “Trending Occupational Fatalities and Injuries: An Assessment of Projected Climate Change Related Impacts in the United States since 1992.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(13), 6258. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20136258. Gubernot, D. M., G.B. Anderson, and K.L. Hunting (2014), “The Epidemiology of Occupational Heat-Related Morbidity and Mortality in the United States: A Review of the Literature and Assessment of Research Needs in a Changing Climate.” International of Journal of Biometeorology, 58(8), 1779-1788. Heinrich, H. W. (1931), Industrial Accident Prevention: A Scientific Approach. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Jafari, M., A. Barkhordari, D. Eskandari, and Y. Mehrabi (2019), “Relationships between Certain Individual Characteristics and Occupational Accidents.” International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 25(1), 61-65. Lim, Sung-Shil, Jihyun Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Wanhyung Lee, Yangwook Kim, and Jin-Ha Yoon (2019), “Injury Epidemiology of Workers by Age, Sex and Industrial Classification Using the Medical Claim Data of National Health Insurance in South Korea, 2012-2015: A Population-Based Retrospective Study.” BMJ Open, 9(9), e029413. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029413. Mohammadi, D. and M. J. Zare Sakhvidi (2020), “Climatic Parameters and Outdoor Workers Safety and Health: A Case Study of Sabzevar City (2011-2017).” Archives of Occupational Health, 4(4), 884-890. Rahimi, M., Farin Fatemi, and Z. R. Mohammdi (2024), “Impacts of Climate Change on Occupational Health Indicators in the Three Climatic Regions of Iran.” International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 34(1), 535-546. Schulte, P.A, A Bhattacharya, C. R. Butler, H. K. Chun, B. Jacklitsch, T. Jacobs, M. Kiefer, J. Lincoln, S. Pendergrass, J. Shire, J. Watson, and G. R. Wagner (2016), “Advancing the Framework for Considering the Effects of Climate Change on Worker Safety and Health.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 13(11), 847-865. Schulte, P. A. and Heekyoung Chun (2009), “Climate Change and Occupational Safety and Health: Establishing a Preliminary Framework.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 6(9), 542-554. Sanders, M.S., and E. J. McCormick (1993), Human Factors in Engineering and Design. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Xiang, Jianjun, Peng Bi, Dino Pisaniello, and Alana Hansen (2014), “Health Impacts of Workplace Heat Exposure: An Epidemiological Review.” Industrial Health, 52(2), 91-101. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
112921045資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112921045 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 黃智聰 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Jr-Tsung en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李雅雪 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Ya-Hsueh en_US dc.creator (作者) 李雅雪 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lee, Ya-Hsueh en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2025 14:46:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Aug-2025 14:46:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2025 14:46:34 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112921045 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158641 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 112921045 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 氣候變遷已成為21世紀最嚴峻的全球性挑戰，其影響不僅涉及自然生態系統，亦對人類健康與社會經濟帶來深遠影響。極端氣候所帶來的職業災害風險，以農業、建築業與漁業等需長時間於戶外作業之行業最為明顯。高溫環境除威脅勞動者生理健康外，亦可能導致過度疲勞、注意力下降與作業錯誤，進而提高職業災害發生風險。目前氣候變遷相關研究多聚焦於環境科學與公共衛生領域，對其如何影響職業災害的發生尚缺乏整合性與區域性分析，特別是不同產業與地區的差異性更有待釐清。現行政策亦多著眼於宏觀層面的減碳與能源轉型，對於直接影響勞工安全保障措施相對不足，導致戶外工作者在面對極端氣候時，缺乏足夠的防護機制與因應策略。 為填補現有文獻的空白，本研究旨在探討氣候變遷下高溫環境對職業災害發生率之影響，研究整合臺灣中央氣象署2011至2023年氣象資料與各縣市職災統計，運用空間自我迴歸模型（SAR），探討氣溫變化與職災發生率之間的關聯性，並納入空間相依性因素，強化模型解釋力。實證結果顯示，高溫與職災率具有顯著正向關係，表示氣候變遷對勞動安全構成潛在風險，此研究發現可協助政府制定更具針對性的勞動政策，包括提升戶外工人的工作環境安全性、設立高溫作業的預警機制及防護指引，並鼓勵企業採取適應性措施，及減少員工在極端天氣條件下的暴露時間，透過深入研究氣候變遷與職業災害之間的關係，促進勞動者健康保障與企業永續發展，亦為政府制定具體勞動政策提供科學依據。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Climate change is one of the most critical global challenges of the 21st century, with far-reaching impacts on natural ecosystems, human health, and socioeconomic systems. Occupational risks from extreme weather are especially prominent in outdoor labor-intensive sectors such as agriculture, construction, and fisheries. High temperatures can endanger workers’ health, increase fatigue, reduce concentration, and lead to operational errors—raising the risk of occupational accidents. While existing studies mainly focus on environmental science and public health, limited research explores the link between climate change and occupational accidents across regions and industries. Current policies often emphasize macro-level goals like carbon reduction, but lack adequate protection for workers exposed to extreme weather. This study addresses this gap by examining the effect of high temperatures on occupational accident rates in Taiwan. Using meteorological data from the Central Weather Administration and county-level accident statistics from 2011 to 2023, we apply Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) to assess the relationship between temperature variation and accident rates, incorporating spatial dependence. Results reveal a significant positive correlation between high temperatures and occupational accident rates, indicating that climate change poses a growing threat to labor safety. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing outdoor work safety, implementing heat-warning systems and protective guidelines, promoting enterprise-level adaptation strategies, and reducing worker exposure during extreme weather. This research provides a scientific basis for targeted labor policies that support worker health and sustainable development. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 4 第三節 研究架構及流程 5 第二章 文獻回顧 7 第一節 職業災害之定義與理論探討 7 第二節 氣候變遷對職業災害發生之影響 9 第三節 其他影響職業災害發生之相關因素 16 第三章 現況分析 21 第一節 臺灣職業災害發生率現況分析 21 第二節 臺灣氣候變遷分析 30 第四章 研究方法 35 第一節 空間相關性檢定 35 第二節 空間計量模型設定 37 第三節 實證模型與變數設定 39 第四節 研究範圍與限制 46 第五章 實證結果與分析 47 第一節 檢定結果 47 第二節 實證模型估計之確立及分析結果 51 第六章 結論與建議 58 第一節 結論 58 第二節 建議 59 參考文獻 61 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2440052 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112921045 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候變遷 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 職業災害 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高溫 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 空間計量 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Climate Change en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Occupational Accidents en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) High Temperature en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Spatial Econometrics en_US dc.title (題名) 氣候變遷對職業災害發生率之影響 - 以臺灣各縣市為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Impact of Climate Change on the Incidence of Occupational Accidents-Evidence from Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文文獻 李聯雄、盧佩玲、鄭淑芳（2009），「外籍勞工安全衛生管理制度與規範研究」。《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》，17（3），頁283-299。 邱俊祥、陳信宏、胡淑娟、葉承欣、龍世、陳志勇（2020），「營造業戶外作業因應氣候變遷之觀測及分析」。《勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊》，28（3），頁28-38。 吳威德、陳俊銘、林光邦、曹常成（2021），「職業災害統計指標歷年趨勢分析及改善探討」。《勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊》，29（1），頁108-122。 陳振菶（2023），「氣候變遷對職場安全衛生之挑戰－談戶外高氣溫危害預防」。《台灣勞工季刊》，73，頁35-45。 陳怡靜、鄭雅文（2020），「檢視職業傷害的趨勢、分布與社會不平等：勞保現金給付之分析」。《台灣衛誌》，39（3），頁326-336。 曹常成、邱馨瑩、高崇洋、卓育賢（2011），「營造業中高齡勞工職災特性分析」。《勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊》，19（3），頁502-532。 國家科學及技術委員會（2024），「臺灣氣候變遷科學報告2024：現象、衝擊與調適」。臺北：國家科學及技術委員會。 楊崇暉、黃聯海（2005），「我國工業安全管理與職業災害預防現況之探討」。《危機管理學刊》，2（2），頁29-38。 鄭世岳（2021），「職業災害預防之理論與實踐」。《台灣勞工季刊》，67，頁14-21。 貳、 英文文獻 Applebaum, M., Jay Graham, M. Gray, Peter LaPuma, A. McCormick, Amanda Northcross, and J. Perry (2016), “An Overview of Occupational Risks from Climate Change.” Current Environmental Health Reports,3(1), 13-22. Bande, R. and Elva López-Mourelo (2015), “The Impact of Worker’s Age on the Consequences of Occupational Accidents: Empirical Evidence Using Spanish Data.” Journal of Labor Research, 36, 129-174. Benavides, F.G. and G.L. Delclos (2024), “Climate Emergency and Decent Work.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 50(4), 229-232. Bird, F. E. and G. L. Germain (1985), “Practical Loss Control Leadership.” Loganville, GA: Det Norske Veritas. Ghamari, F., I. Mohammadfam, A. Mohammadbeigi, H. Ebrahimi, and M. Khodayari (2013), “Determination of Effective Risk Factors in Incidence of Occupational Accidents in One of the Large Metal Industries, Arak (2005-2007).” Iran Occupational Health, 9(4), 89-96. Charmaine, M. J. (2023), “Trending Occupational Fatalities and Injuries: An Assessment of Projected Climate Change Related Impacts in the United States since 1992.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(13), 6258. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20136258. Gubernot, D. M., G.B. Anderson, and K.L. Hunting (2014), “The Epidemiology of Occupational Heat-Related Morbidity and Mortality in the United States: A Review of the Literature and Assessment of Research Needs in a Changing Climate.” International of Journal of Biometeorology, 58(8), 1779-1788. Heinrich, H. W. (1931), Industrial Accident Prevention: A Scientific Approach. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Jafari, M., A. Barkhordari, D. Eskandari, and Y. Mehrabi (2019), “Relationships between Certain Individual Characteristics and Occupational Accidents.” International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 25(1), 61-65. Lim, Sung-Shil, Jihyun Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Wanhyung Lee, Yangwook Kim, and Jin-Ha Yoon (2019), “Injury Epidemiology of Workers by Age, Sex and Industrial Classification Using the Medical Claim Data of National Health Insurance in South Korea, 2012-2015: A Population-Based Retrospective Study.” BMJ Open, 9(9), e029413. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029413. Mohammadi, D. and M. J. Zare Sakhvidi (2020), “Climatic Parameters and Outdoor Workers Safety and Health: A Case Study of Sabzevar City (2011-2017).” Archives of Occupational Health, 4(4), 884-890. Rahimi, M., Farin Fatemi, and Z. R. Mohammdi (2024), “Impacts of Climate Change on Occupational Health Indicators in the Three Climatic Regions of Iran.” International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 34(1), 535-546. Schulte, P.A, A Bhattacharya, C. R. Butler, H. K. Chun, B. Jacklitsch, T. Jacobs, M. Kiefer, J. Lincoln, S. Pendergrass, J. Shire, J. Watson, and G. R. Wagner (2016), “Advancing the Framework for Considering the Effects of Climate Change on Worker Safety and Health.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 13(11), 847-865. Schulte, P. A. and Heekyoung Chun (2009), “Climate Change and Occupational Safety and Health: Establishing a Preliminary Framework.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 6(9), 542-554. Sanders, M.S., and E. J. McCormick (1993), Human Factors in Engineering and Design. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Xiang, Jianjun, Peng Bi, Dino Pisaniello, and Alana Hansen (2014), “Health Impacts of Workplace Heat Exposure: An Epidemiological Review.” Industrial Health, 52(2), 91-101. zh_TW
