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題名 Ti West 的創作視角:以《X》三部曲為例
Ti West's Creative Perspective: A Case Study of the X Trilogy
作者 林子婷
Lin, Tzu-Ting
貢獻者 陳儒修
Chen, Ru-Shou
林子婷
Lin, Tzu-Ting
關鍵詞 恐怖電影
作者論
Ti West
《X》三部曲
後現代敘事策略
Horror Films
Auteurism
Ti West
X Trilogy
Post-modern Aesthetics
日期 2025
上傳時間 1-Sep-2025 14:25:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 美國導演Ti West所執導的《X》(X,2022)、《血色珍珠》(Pearl,2022)與《血腥瑪辛》(MaXXXine,2024)被稱作「《X》三部曲(X Trilogy)」。他透過對於不同類型電影的拼貼、諧仿與文本互涉,並採用後設電影的技巧──在電影中拍電影──來講述有關電影工藝、衰老與欲望的故事。《X》模仿1970年代砍殺電影的視覺風格,利用恐怖電影的敘事手法講述色情電影產業在歷史中的位置以及對於衰老的恐懼;《血色珍珠》則是使用特藝彩色技術,參考1950年代家庭喜劇的視覺風格,以黑色童話的方式呈現劇情上的壓抑、血腥與暴力;《血腥瑪辛》融合多種類型電影風格,展現出1980年代洛杉磯的社會陰暗面,描繪當時好萊塢電影產業的樣態。 本研究旨在檢視Ti West的《X》三部曲,探究其作品中的後現代敘事策略,在這些被拼貼、諧仿的類型經典電影中,找出與《X》三部曲的文本互涉關聯。透過對三部電影之中的類型電影符號分析,探究其中所建構的時代背景脈絡、電影產業的歷史以及社會意識形態,從中梳理Ti West的作者視角、觀點以及詮釋方式。在作者論與結構主義的混合性觀點基礎上,處理Ti West《X》三部曲的創作視角。
The X Trilogy—comprising X (2022), Pearl (2022), and MaXXXine (2024)—is a series of American horror films directed by Ti West. Through the use of pastiche, parody, and intertextual references to various cinematic traditions, Ti West adopts strategies of metacinema—films about the making of films—to explore themes of cinematic craft, aging, and desire. X imitates the visual style of 1970s slasher films, using horror genre conventions to address the historical marginalization of the pornography industry and the cultural fear of aging. Pearl, by contrast, adopts the saturated Technicolor aesthetic reminiscent of 1950s family melodramas, presenting repression, gore, and violence through a dark fairy-tale lens. MaXXXine synthesizes multiple genre film styles to portray the shadowy underside of 1980s Los Angeles, while critically examining the workings of the Hollywood film industry. This study aims to investigate the postmodern narrative strategies employed in Ti West’s X Trilogy, particularly by analyzing how each film engages in intertextual dialogue with genre cinema. Through a close reading of genre-specific symbols across the trilogy, the research seeks to uncover how Ti West constructs historical contexts, reflects on film industry practices, and comments on prevailing ideological structures. Situated at the intersection of auteur theory and structuralist film analysis, this project explores Ti West’s authorial perspective and interpretive approach, tracing how his trilogy reconfigures genre conventions within a reflexive cinematic framework.
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X-Rated Indie Film and A24: Examining Ti West’s X Films, M/C Journal, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.3076 Blancaflor, S.(2022, December 12). Gen Zers Love Horror Almost as Much as They Love Comedy, Morning Consult. Retrieved from https://pro.morningconsult.com/instant-intel/gen-z-favorite-entertainment-genres Bradley, R.(2024, July 6). Ti West Is Turning Hollywood Into a Horror Show, The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/06/magazine/ti-west-x-trilogy.html Brody, R.(2012, June 19). Andrew Sarris and the “A” Word, The New Yorker. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/andrew-sarris-and-the-a-word Bronfen, E.(1998). The Knotted Subject: Hysteria and its Discontents. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Carlotta, A.(2022, September 13). How the Classic Monsters Saved Universal Studios. Retrieved from https://www.antoniacarlotta.com/home/how-the-monsters-saved-universal Caughie, J.(Ed.)(1981). Theories of Authorship. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Conard, M.(2007). The Philosophy of Neo-Noir. Lexington, KY : University Press of Kentucky. Corrigan, T.(1991). A Cinema without Walls: Movies and Culture after Vietnam, New York, NY: Routledge. Cullen, J.(2003). The American Dream: A Short History of an Idea That Shaped a Nation. New York, NY: Oxford Academic. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195158212.001.0001 Davis, G.(2018). The speed of the VCR: Ti West’s slow horror, Screen, 59(1), 41-58. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/hjy003 Derakhshani, T.(2010, February 4). A horror maestro from Wilmington ,The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved from https://archive.ph/20240617181931/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/entertainment/movies/20100204_A_horror_maestro_from_Wilmington.html#selection-4839.0-4839.32 Ebert, R.(2009, June 3). A world slanted at sharp angles. Retrieved from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-cabinet-of-dr-caligari-1920 Eckert, C.(1973/1981). The English cine-structuralists. In J. Caughie,(Ed.)Theories of Authorship (pp152-165). London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Entertain The Elk(2020, July 15). Whatever Happened to the X Rating? [Youtube]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8OZPEsdKss&t=5s Entertainmentie.(2024, July 5). Director Ti West on 'MaXXXine' and the mental load of making a movie. [Youtube]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ML3PhyGZzTY?si=TgJ0juafGLTNle1d Gibson, D. C.(2004). Clues from Killers: Serial Murder and Crime Scene Messages. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Publishing. Gingold, M.(2022, March 23). Exclusive Interview: Ti West Talks “X” And The Craft Of Horror Cinema, Rue-morgue. Retrieved from https://rue-morgue.com/exclusive-interview-ti-west-talks-x-and-the-craft-of-horror-cinema/ Greco, P.(2020, October 13). Why Do So Many People Like Horror Movies? Six Reasons We Love Being Scared, Health. Retrieved from https://www.health.com/mind-body/why-people-like-horror-movies Grist, L.(1992). Moving Targets and Black Widows: Film Noir in Modern Hollywood. In Cameron, I. (ed.) The Movie Book of Film Noir(pp. 267-285). London, UK: Studio Vista. Grouchnikov, K.(2023, April 29). Production design of “X” and “Pearl” – interview with Tom Hammock. Retrieved from https://www.pushing-pixels.org/2023/04/29/production-design-of-x-and-pearl-interview-with-tom-hammock.html Henderson, B.(1973/1981). Critique of cine-structuralism (part I). In J. Caughie,(Ed.)Theories of Authorship (pp166-182). London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Hsiao, A. & Huang, A.(2020年1月6號)。〈更了解《從前,有個好萊塢》的9個文化知識點,昆汀塔倫提諾帶你追憶藏在好萊塢真實歷史裡的美麗與哀愁〉,《Bazaar》。取自 https://www.harpersbazaar.com/tw/culture/filmandmusic/g28179742/history-of-movie-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood/ Hutcheon, L.(1989). The Politics of Postmodernism. New York: Routledge. Koven, M. J.(2006). La dolce morte : vernacular cinema and the Italian giallo film. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. Kiely, E.(2024, August 2). 'MaXXXine' Review: Mia Goth Is a Star in Ti West’s Stylish A24 Horror Finale, Collider. Retrieved from https://collider.com/maxxxine-review/ Lyotard, J.(1979/1984). The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. Marx, K.(1887). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Volume I: The Process of Capitalist Production. Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers. Mion(2023年8月22日)。〈抱歉,娛樂與內涵我都要──從A24看Z世代的新恐怖片時代襲來〉,《釀電影》。取自https://filmaholic.tw/films/64e30a2bfd89780001936af3/ Nowell-Smith, G.(1967). Visconti. In J. Caughie,(Ed.)Theories of Authorship (pp136-137). London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Pinedo, I.(1996). Recreational Terror: Postmodern Elements of The Contemporary Horror Film. Journal of Film and Video, 48(1/2), 17-31. PromLin(2006年4月1日)。情色禁區(未成年勿入):從禁片《深喉嚨》談到美國早期色情電影發展歷程(上),痞客邦。取自https://promlin.pixnet.net/blog/post/16746807 Rosenbaum, J.(2022, March 21). Some Vagaries of Distribution and Exhibition. Retrieved from https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2022/03/some-vagaries-of-distribution-and-exhibition-tk/ Rotsler, W.(1973). Contemporary Erotic Cinema: A Guide To The Revolution In Movie Making. New York, NY: A Penthouse/Ballantine Book. The International Buster Keaton Society.(n. d.). Retrieved from https://busterkeaton.org/about-buster/about-buster-overview/ Webster, A.(2024, July 2). ‘MaXXXine is very different from both of them’: Ti West on closing out his X horror trilogy, The Verge. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/24190083/ti-west-interview-maxxxine-a24 West, T.(2022, March 18). Blood and Guts: A Note from Ti West. Retrieved from https://a24films.com/notes/2022/03/blood-and-guts-a-note-from-ti-west Wētā Workshop(n. d.). Retrieved from https://www.wetaworkshop.com/projects/x What is Auteur Theory?.(2024, January 30). Retrieved from https://nofilmschool.com/what-is-auteur-theory Wise, D.(2024, June 30). Ti West Interview: The ‘MaXXXine’ Director Ends The ‘X’ Trilogy With A Look At The Seedy Side Of Hollywood In The Excessive ’80s – Karlovy Vary, Deadline. Retrieved from https://deadline.com/2024/06/ti-west-interview-maxxxine-director-mia-goth-seedy-side-of-hollywood-in-the-excessive-80s-1235998002/ Wollen, P.(1969/2013).The Auteur Theory, Signs and Meaning in the Cinema (5 Ed.) (pp. 58-96). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Wollen, P.(1972/2013).Conclusion, Signs and Meaning in the Cinema (5 Ed.) (pp. 133-150). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Wood, R.(1978). Return of the Repressed, Film Comment, 14(4), 25-32,80. Retrieved from https://proxyone.lib.nccu.edu.tw/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/return-repressed/docview/210234247/se-2 Yacavone, D.(2021, August 19). Recursive Reflections: Types, Modes, and Forms of Cinematic Reflexivity, In LaRocca, D. (Ed.), Metacinema: The Form and Content of Filmic Reference and Reflexivity (pp.85-114). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095345.003.0005
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
110464020
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110464020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳儒修zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Ru-Shouen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林子婷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Tzu-Tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林子婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Tzu-Tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2025 14:25:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2025 14:25:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2025 14:25:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110464020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158942-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110464020zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 美國導演Ti West所執導的《X》(X,2022)、《血色珍珠》(Pearl,2022)與《血腥瑪辛》(MaXXXine,2024)被稱作「《X》三部曲(X Trilogy)」。他透過對於不同類型電影的拼貼、諧仿與文本互涉,並採用後設電影的技巧──在電影中拍電影──來講述有關電影工藝、衰老與欲望的故事。《X》模仿1970年代砍殺電影的視覺風格,利用恐怖電影的敘事手法講述色情電影產業在歷史中的位置以及對於衰老的恐懼;《血色珍珠》則是使用特藝彩色技術,參考1950年代家庭喜劇的視覺風格,以黑色童話的方式呈現劇情上的壓抑、血腥與暴力;《血腥瑪辛》融合多種類型電影風格,展現出1980年代洛杉磯的社會陰暗面,描繪當時好萊塢電影產業的樣態。 本研究旨在檢視Ti West的《X》三部曲,探究其作品中的後現代敘事策略,在這些被拼貼、諧仿的類型經典電影中,找出與《X》三部曲的文本互涉關聯。透過對三部電影之中的類型電影符號分析,探究其中所建構的時代背景脈絡、電影產業的歷史以及社會意識形態,從中梳理Ti West的作者視角、觀點以及詮釋方式。在作者論與結構主義的混合性觀點基礎上,處理Ti West《X》三部曲的創作視角。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The X Trilogy—comprising X (2022), Pearl (2022), and MaXXXine (2024)—is a series of American horror films directed by Ti West. Through the use of pastiche, parody, and intertextual references to various cinematic traditions, Ti West adopts strategies of metacinema—films about the making of films—to explore themes of cinematic craft, aging, and desire. X imitates the visual style of 1970s slasher films, using horror genre conventions to address the historical marginalization of the pornography industry and the cultural fear of aging. Pearl, by contrast, adopts the saturated Technicolor aesthetic reminiscent of 1950s family melodramas, presenting repression, gore, and violence through a dark fairy-tale lens. MaXXXine synthesizes multiple genre film styles to portray the shadowy underside of 1980s Los Angeles, while critically examining the workings of the Hollywood film industry. This study aims to investigate the postmodern narrative strategies employed in Ti West’s X Trilogy, particularly by analyzing how each film engages in intertextual dialogue with genre cinema. Through a close reading of genre-specific symbols across the trilogy, the research seeks to uncover how Ti West constructs historical contexts, reflects on film industry practices, and comments on prevailing ideological structures. Situated at the intersection of auteur theory and structuralist film analysis, this project explores Ti West’s authorial perspective and interpretive approach, tracing how his trilogy reconfigures genre conventions within a reflexive cinematic framework.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 目次 III 圖次 VI 第一章 緒論 1 第一節、研究動機 1 第二節、研究背景 3 第三節、研究問題與目的 6 第四節、研究文本簡介 8 一、Ti West的生平與作品 8 二、《X》三部曲(X Trilogy)故事簡介 9 第五節、章節架構 12 第二章 文獻探討 14 第一節、恐怖電影作為文本 14 第二節、恐怖電影作為類型 16 第三節、恐怖電影的歷史與社會脈絡 18 一、萌芽與興起:從哥德文學到德國表現主義(1919-1930) 18 二、多樣化的怪物形象:從經濟大蕭條到冷戰威脅(1930-1960) 19 三、恐懼、血腥與暴力:從心理變態到殺人魔(1960-1990) 22 四、末日災難的恐慌:生態恐怖、日常與數位恐怖(1990-2025) 27 五、現代恐懼:A24的新恐怖電影時代 31 六、小結 33 第三章 研究方法 35 第一節、作者論分析 35 一、作者論的定義與源起 35 二、作者結構主義 38 三、如今的作者論 41 第二節、電影符號學分析 43 第四章 《X》三部曲的影像手法 47 第一節、劇情架構與敘事主題 47 一、《X》(X,2022) 48 二、《血色珍珠》(Pearl,2022) 49 三、《血腥瑪辛》(MaXXXine,2024) 51 第二節、拍攝背景與評價表現 53 第三節、電影設計的形式美學 56 第四節、小結 59 第五章 《X》三部曲的後現代敘事策略 60 第一節、拼貼、諧仿與文本互涉:電影符號的解構 62 一、敘事結構 63 二、場景設計與視覺風格 86 三、人物造型設計 96 四、攝影鏡頭與剪接 104 五、小結 111 第二節、電影中有電影:影像工業的後設敘事 113 一、《X》中的地下電影製作 115 二、《血色珍珠》中的舞台夢想 117 三、《血腥瑪辛》中的主流電影工業 119 第三節、凝視與主體:影像中的反身性策略 122 一、Pearl對Maxine的凝視與欲望 125 二、鏡頭下的反身性凝視 133 第四節、小結 139 第六章 結論 140 第一節、研究發現 140 第二節、研究限制與後續研究建議 145 參考文獻 147zh_TW
dc.format.extent 6790178 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110464020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 恐怖電影zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 作者論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ti Westzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 《X》三部曲zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 後現代敘事策略zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Horror Filmsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Auteurismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ti Westen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) X Trilogyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Post-modern Aestheticsen_US
dc.title (題名) Ti West 的創作視角:以《X》三部曲為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Ti West's Creative Perspective: A Case Study of the X Trilogyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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