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題名 全球最低稅負制實施對企業財務報導租稅負擔之影響
The Impact of the Global Minimum Tax Implementation on Firms’ Financial Reporting of Tax Burden作者 曾翊菱
Tseng, Yi-Ling貢獻者 陳明進
Chen, Ming-Chin
曾翊菱
Tseng, Yi-Ling關鍵詞 全球最低稅負制
支柱二
有效稅率
跨國企業
Global Minimum Tax
Pillar Two
Effective Tax Rates
Multinational Enterprises日期 2025 上傳時間 1-Sep-2025 14:38:59 (UTC+8) 摘要 經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD）於2021年提出「兩大支柱」方案因應數位經濟帶來的租稅挑戰，其中支柱二為全球最低稅負制，其要求大型跨國企業於各租稅管轄區皆需至少負擔15%之有效稅率，以抑制企業利潤移轉行為，防止各國稅基遭受侵蝕並提升租稅公平。本研究探討此制度實施後對跨國企業財務報導租稅負擔之影響，採用2019至2024年間已實施該制度國家之企業為研究樣本，建立以有效稅率、現金有效稅率與財稅差異為應變數之三個迴歸模型進行實證分析。 實證結果顯示，全球最低稅負制實施後，過去稅負較低企業之有效稅率顯著上升，財稅差異顯著縮小，現金有效稅率則呈現部分顯著上升，結果相對不穩定。額外分析進一步排除政策預期影響後，前述兩項變數結果仍具一致性。另額外分析亦顯示，OECD之支柱二與美國公司替代性最低稅之間存在差異，前者對租稅負擔之提升效果較為明確。
In 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) introduced the “Two-Pillar” solution to address tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy. Pillar Two, the Global Minimum Tax, requires large multinational enterprises (MNEs) to pay at least a 15% effective tax rate in each tax jurisdiction, aiming to reduce profit shifting and prevent base erosion. This study examines the impact of the Global Minimum Tax implementation on the tax burdens reported in the financial statements of MNEs, using data from 2019 to 2024 for firms located in countries that have adopted the rule. Three regression models are constructed, with effective tax rate (ETR), cash effective tax rate (CashETR), and book-tax differences (BTD) as dependent variables. The empirical results show that, firms with previously low tax burdens experienced a significant increase in ETR and a reduction in BTD after the implementation of the rule, while the impact on CashETR is partially significant and relatively unstable. After excluding observations potentially affected by anticipatory behavior in additional analyses, the results for the ETR and BTD are still consistent. Additional analyses also reveal that OECD Pillar Two has a more pronounced effect on increasing tax burdens compared to the U.S. Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax.參考文獻 一、中文文獻 期刊論文 林于斐、范良芳、王齡懋，2023，全球企業最低稅負制之簡析，財稅研究，第52卷第4期：36-63。 陳明進，2002，營利事業有效稅率決定因素之實證研究，會計評論，第34期：57-75。 張軒瑜，2025，川普2.0與降低通貨膨脹法案，經濟前瞻，第217期：11-15。 研討會論文 石恩銘、陳國樑，2021，全球稅改BEPS 2.0之發展與形成與第二支柱之探討， 國際租稅發展及實務研討會。 準則公報 會計研究發展基金會（2023），國際租稅變革—支柱二規則範本（國際會計準則第12號之修正，正體中文版），台北：財團法人會計研究發展基金會。 二、英文文獻 期刊論文 Blaylock, B., Shevlin, T., & Wilson, R. J. 2012. Tax Avoidance, Large Positive Temporary Book-Tax Differences, and Earnings Persistence. Accounting Review, 87(1), 91-120. Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. L. 2008. Long-Run Corporate Tax Avoidance. Accounting Review, 83(1), 61-82. Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., Maydew, E. L., & Thornock, J. R. 2017. Changes in corporate effective tax rates over the past 25 years. Journal of Financial Economics, 124(3), 441-463. Fullerton, D. 1984. Which Effective Tax Rate? National Tax Journal, 37, 23. Gupta, S., & Newberry, K. 1997. Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates: Evidence from longitudinal data. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 16(1), 1-34. Hanlon, M. 2005. The Persistence and Pricing of Earnings, Accruals, and Cash Flows When Firms Have Large Book-Tax Differences. Accounting Review, 80(1), 137-166. Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. 2010. A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2), 127-178. Polk, R. C., Lawson, J. G., & Gillette, D. B. 2024. A Critical Analysis of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax. ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research, 22(1), 34-50. Porcano, T. M. 1986. Corporate Tax Rates: Progressive, Proportional, or Regressive. Journal of the American Taxation Association, 7(2), 17. Stickney, C. P., & McGee, V. E. 1982. Effective corporate tax rates the effect of size, capital intensity, leverage, and other factors. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 1(2), 125-152. Zimmerman, J. L. 1983. Taxes and firm size. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, 119-149. 報告書 OECD, 2020. Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Report on Pillar Two Blueprint, Paris: OECD. OECD, 2021. Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two), Paris: OECD. OECD, 2021. Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Subject to Tax Rule (Pillar Two), Paris: OECD. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計學系
112353012資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112353012 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳明進 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Ming-Chin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 曾翊菱 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tseng, Yi-Ling en_US dc.creator (作者) 曾翊菱 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Tseng, Yi-Ling en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2025 14:38:59 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2025 14:38:59 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2025 14:38:59 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112353012 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158991 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 會計學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 112353012 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD）於2021年提出「兩大支柱」方案因應數位經濟帶來的租稅挑戰，其中支柱二為全球最低稅負制，其要求大型跨國企業於各租稅管轄區皆需至少負擔15%之有效稅率，以抑制企業利潤移轉行為，防止各國稅基遭受侵蝕並提升租稅公平。本研究探討此制度實施後對跨國企業財務報導租稅負擔之影響，採用2019至2024年間已實施該制度國家之企業為研究樣本，建立以有效稅率、現金有效稅率與財稅差異為應變數之三個迴歸模型進行實證分析。 實證結果顯示，全球最低稅負制實施後，過去稅負較低企業之有效稅率顯著上升，財稅差異顯著縮小，現金有效稅率則呈現部分顯著上升，結果相對不穩定。額外分析進一步排除政策預期影響後，前述兩項變數結果仍具一致性。另額外分析亦顯示，OECD之支柱二與美國公司替代性最低稅之間存在差異，前者對租稅負擔之提升效果較為明確。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) introduced the “Two-Pillar” solution to address tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy. Pillar Two, the Global Minimum Tax, requires large multinational enterprises (MNEs) to pay at least a 15% effective tax rate in each tax jurisdiction, aiming to reduce profit shifting and prevent base erosion. This study examines the impact of the Global Minimum Tax implementation on the tax burdens reported in the financial statements of MNEs, using data from 2019 to 2024 for firms located in countries that have adopted the rule. Three regression models are constructed, with effective tax rate (ETR), cash effective tax rate (CashETR), and book-tax differences (BTD) as dependent variables. The empirical results show that, firms with previously low tax burdens experienced a significant increase in ETR and a reduction in BTD after the implementation of the rule, while the impact on CashETR is partially significant and relatively unstable. After excluding observations potentially affected by anticipatory behavior in additional analyses, the results for the ETR and BTD are still consistent. Additional analyses also reveal that OECD Pillar Two has a more pronounced effect on increasing tax burdens compared to the U.S. Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章、緒論 1 第一節、研究動機與目的 1 第二節、研究問題 3 第三節、研究方法 4 第四節、研究架構 5 第貳章、文獻探討 7 第一節、BEPS支柱二 全球反稅基侵蝕規則 7 第三節、美國公司替代性最低稅（Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax, CAMT） 13 第四節、租稅負擔衡量指標 15 第參章、研究方法 18 第一節、研究假說 18 第二節、實證模型與變數定義 20 第三節、變數定義與衡量 22 第四節、資料來源與研究樣本 25 第肆章、實證結果與分析 28 第一節、敘述性統計分析 28 第二節、相關係數分析 35 第三節、迴歸結果分析 38 第四節、額外分析 44 第伍章、結論與建議 57 第一節、結論 57 第二節、建議 58 第三節、研究限制與未來研究方向 59 參考文獻 60 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1203109 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112353012 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全球最低稅負制 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 支柱二 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 有效稅率 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨國企業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Global Minimum Tax en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pillar Two en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Effective Tax Rates en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multinational Enterprises en_US dc.title (題名) 全球最低稅負制實施對企業財務報導租稅負擔之影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Impact of the Global Minimum Tax Implementation on Firms’ Financial Reporting of Tax Burden en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻 期刊論文 林于斐、范良芳、王齡懋，2023，全球企業最低稅負制之簡析，財稅研究，第52卷第4期：36-63。 陳明進，2002，營利事業有效稅率決定因素之實證研究，會計評論，第34期：57-75。 張軒瑜，2025，川普2.0與降低通貨膨脹法案，經濟前瞻，第217期：11-15。 研討會論文 石恩銘、陳國樑，2021，全球稅改BEPS 2.0之發展與形成與第二支柱之探討， 國際租稅發展及實務研討會。 準則公報 會計研究發展基金會（2023），國際租稅變革—支柱二規則範本（國際會計準則第12號之修正，正體中文版），台北：財團法人會計研究發展基金會。 二、英文文獻 期刊論文 Blaylock, B., Shevlin, T., & Wilson, R. J. 2012. Tax Avoidance, Large Positive Temporary Book-Tax Differences, and Earnings Persistence. Accounting Review, 87(1), 91-120. Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. L. 2008. Long-Run Corporate Tax Avoidance. Accounting Review, 83(1), 61-82. Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., Maydew, E. L., & Thornock, J. R. 2017. Changes in corporate effective tax rates over the past 25 years. Journal of Financial Economics, 124(3), 441-463. Fullerton, D. 1984. Which Effective Tax Rate? National Tax Journal, 37, 23. Gupta, S., & Newberry, K. 1997. Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates: Evidence from longitudinal data. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 16(1), 1-34. Hanlon, M. 2005. The Persistence and Pricing of Earnings, Accruals, and Cash Flows When Firms Have Large Book-Tax Differences. Accounting Review, 80(1), 137-166. Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. 2010. A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2), 127-178. Polk, R. C., Lawson, J. G., & Gillette, D. B. 2024. A Critical Analysis of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax. ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research, 22(1), 34-50. Porcano, T. M. 1986. Corporate Tax Rates: Progressive, Proportional, or Regressive. Journal of the American Taxation Association, 7(2), 17. Stickney, C. P., & McGee, V. E. 1982. Effective corporate tax rates the effect of size, capital intensity, leverage, and other factors. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 1(2), 125-152. Zimmerman, J. L. 1983. Taxes and firm size. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, 119-149. 報告書 OECD, 2020. Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Report on Pillar Two Blueprint, Paris: OECD. OECD, 2021. Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two), Paris: OECD. OECD, 2021. Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Subject to Tax Rule (Pillar Two), Paris: OECD. zh_TW
