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題名 碳資訊與會計之結合:碳會計報表之應用
Integrating Carbon Information and Accounting: The Application of Carbon Accounting Statements
作者 徐靖茜
Xu, Jing-Qian
貢獻者 戚務君
Chi, Wu-Chun
徐靖茜
Xu, Jing-Qian
關鍵詞 碳會計
碳資訊揭露
碳交易
碳管理
Carbon Accounting
Carbon Disclosure
Carbon Trading
Carbon Management
日期 2025
上傳時間 1-Sep-2025 14:39:41 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著氣候變遷與碳定價政策的加速推進,企業須揭露高品質且具可比性的碳排放資訊,以回應監管要求與利害關係人期待。然而,現行碳資訊揭露普遍欠缺結構性與一致性,致使資訊解讀困難,並加劇漂綠風險與資訊不對稱問題。本研究沿襲Reichelstein(2024)結合傳統資產負債表所發展之碳會計概念,發展一套以「約當碳排」為單位並融合傳統財務報導架構的碳會計報導制度,並設計配套的附註揭露機制,提升碳資訊的結構化、量化與可稽核性。此架構具高度標準化與一致性,有助於提升資訊可讀性與可比較性,並滿足企業、投資人、金融機構、消費者與主管機關等利害關係人需求。對企業而言,可作為碳績效管理與永續決策依據;對外部使用者與政策制定者而言,則可用於評估永續風險、課徵碳費與強化監理。
Amid accelerating climate change and the implementation of carbon pricing policies, companies are increasingly required to disclose high-quality and comparable carbon emissions information to meet regulatory expectations and stakeholder demands. However, current carbon disclosures often lack structural consistency and standardization, making the information difficult to interpret and exacerbating greenwashing risks and information asymmetry. Building on the carbon accounting concept developed by Reichelstein (2024), which integrates traditional balance sheet principles, this study proposes a carbon accounting reporting framework that adopts “equivalent carbon emissions” as the measurement unit and aligns with conventional financial reporting structures. In addition, a supplementary note disclosure mechanism is designed to enhance the structuring, quantification, and auditability of carbon information. This framework is highly standardized and consistent, thereby improving the readability and comparability of disclosed information and meeting the needs of stakeholders such as corporations, investors, financial institutions, consumers, and regulators. For corporations, this framework serves as a valuable tool for carbon performance management and sustainability-oriented decision-making. For external users—such as investors, financial institutions, consumers, and regulators—it provides a reliable basis for assessing sustainability risks, determining carbon levies, and strengthening regulatory oversight.
參考文獻 英文參考文獻 Cantone, B., Evans, D., & Reeson, A. (2023). The effect of carbon price on low carbon innovation. Scientific Reports, 13(9525). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36750-9 CDP. (n.d.). Question bank. Retrieved from https://cdp.net/en/disclose/question-bank Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2023). Achieving effective internal control over sustainability reporting (ICSR): Building trust and confidence through the COSO internal control—Integrated Framework. Retrieved from https://www.coso.org/_files/ugd/3059fc_a3a66be7a48c47e1a285cef0b1f64c92.pdf Douglas Hileman Consulting, LLC. (2021). 3 Attributes of ESG Reporting That Differ from Financial Reporting. Retrieved from www.douglashileman.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/3-Attributes-of-ESG-Reporting-March-2022-FIN.pdf Ecosystem Marketplace (2024). 2023 State of the Voluntary Carbon Market(SOVCM). Retrieved from https://3298623.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/3298623/SOVCM%202023/2023-EcoMarketplace_SOVCM-Nov28_FINALrev-Mar2024.pdf Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market(n.d.). Core carbon principles. Retrieved from https://icvcm.org/core-carbon-principles/ Kaplan, R. S., & Ramanna, K. (2021). Accounting for climate change. Harvard Business Review, November–December. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2021/11/accounting-for-climate-change Kaplan, R. S., Ramanna, K., & Reichelstein, S. J. (2023). Getting a clearer view of your company’s carbon footprint. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2023/04/getting-a-clearer-view-of-your-companys-carbon-footprint Penman, S. H. (2025). Accounting for carbon. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4721974 Pichai, S. (2020). Our Third Decade of Climate Action: Realizing a Carbon-Free Future. Retrieved from https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/sustainability/our-third-decade-climate-action-realizing-carbon-free-future/ Reichelstein, S. (2024). Corporate carbon accounting: Balance sheets and flow statements. Review of Accounting Studies, 29,2125-2156. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-024-09830-y Smith, B. (2021). One year later: The path to carbon negative – a progress report on our climate ‘moonshot’. The Official Microsoft Blog. Retrieved from https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2021/01/28/one-year-later-the-path-to-carbon-negative-a-progress-report-on-our-climate-moonshot/ ERM. (2023). Rate the raters 2023: ESG ratings at a crossroads. Retrieved from https://www.erm.com/rate-the-raters-2023 Wang, B., Yu, M., Zhu, Y., & Bao, P. (2021). Unveiling the driving factors of carbon emissions from industrial resource allocation in China: A spatial econometric perspective. Energy Policy, 158, 112557. 中文參考文獻 鄭昀欣(2024)。國際碳盤查標準與作法之發展與討論。經濟前瞻,(211),154-159。https://www-airitilibrary-com.proxyone.lib.nccu.edu.tw:8443/Article/Detail?DocID=10190376-N202402020007-00024 李堅明(2019)。臺灣碳權交易與碳稅的未來。會計研究月刊,(408),101-107。https://doi-org.proxyone.lib.nccu.edu.tw:8443/10.6650/ARM.201911_(408).0016 李堅明(2024)。企業碳權抵換的氣候績效與完整性評析。會計研究月刊,(460),78-85。https://doi-org.proxyone.lib.nccu.edu.tw:8443/10.6650/ARM.202403_(460).0012 朱佩慈(2025)。台灣企業在 CDP 評比森林問卷中之探究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學森林環境暨資源學研究所。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/xn56xu 宋婉瑜(2024)。回顧 2023 台灣企業表現展望 2024 整合揭露框架。中華民國企業永續發展協會。取自 https://bcsd.org.tw/wp-content/uploads/20240322_CDP-Taiwan-Event_WS_02.pdf 李宜樺、吳佳餘、蘇怡禎(2017)。財務報表綠趨勢-碳如何定價?。會計研究月刊,(385),108-113。https://doi-org.proxyone.lib.nccu.edu.tw:8443/10.6650/ARM.201712_(385).0020 王美齡、陳淑芬(2023)。企業低碳轉型-碳權交易之會計處理。會計研究月刊,(452),76-81。https://doi.org/10.6650/ARM.202307_(452).0008 李宜樺、蔡亦臺、廖容翎、鄭嵐尹(2022)。全球淨零轉型-碳定價機制在財務報表上的化身。會計研究月刊,(434),50-57。https://doi.org/10.6650/ARM.202201_(434).0006 李沃牆(2022)。全球碳權交易發展趨勢。會計研究月刊,(438),16-21。https://doi.org/10.6650/ARM.202205_(438).0003 環境部(2024)。溫室氣體查驗指引。取自https://www.moenv.gov.tw 王怡心(2022)。溫室氣體排放資訊揭露:有助投資人評估企業永續經營實力。會計研究月刊,(438),12-15。https://doi.org/10.6650/ARM.202205_(438).0002 陳宥杉、林義雄(2024)。碳費開徵!企業如何運用碳交易來進行碳管理。會計研究月刊,(461),72-77。https://doi.org/10.6650/ARM.202404_(461).0011 楊和炳(2024)。碳權品質之探討。品質月刊,60(8),13-15。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=10173692-N202412140013-00003 行政院環境部(2023)。氣候變遷因應法。取自 https://oaout.moenv.gov.tw/law/LawContent.aspx?id=GL005511 行政院環境部(n.d)。碳費制度資訊專區。取自 https://www.cca.gov.tw/information-service/publications/carbon-fee-info/2351.html 環境部溫室氣體登錄平台(n.d)。溫室氣體盤查公開資訊查詢。取自 https://tcerregistry.moenv.gov.tw/public-info 台灣電力公司(2023)。112 年度電力排碳係數公告文件。取自 https://www.moeaea.gov.tw/ecw/populace/content/ContentDesc.aspx?menu_id=26391 台灣碳權交易所(2023)。TCX 碳權交易所專案介紹彙編。取自 https://www.tcx.com.tw/rsrc/download/tcxprojects.pdf 臺灣證券交易所(2024)。上市公司編製與申報永續報告書作業辦法。取自 https://twse-regulation.twse.com.tw/m/LawContent.aspx?FID=FL075209 臺灣證券交易所(2024)。上市上櫃公司永續報告書確信機構管理要點。取自 https://twse-regulation.twse.com.tw/m/LawContent.aspx?FID=FL100318 行政院環境部(2024)。碳費徵收對象溫室氣體減量指定目標。取自 https://oaout.moenv.gov.tw/law/LawContent.aspx?id=GL007916 會計研究發展基金會(2023)。企業持有碳權資產相關會計處理之指引。取自 https://www.ardf.org.tw/carbonrights/1130322.pdf 財團法人中華民國會計研究發展基金會永續準則委員會(2023)。國際財務報導準則第 S2 號:氣候相關揭露(A 部分)正體中文版草案。https://www.ardf.org.tw/tifrssustainable/IFRS%20S2%20Climate-Related%20Disclosures.pdf
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計學系
112353030
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112353030
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 戚務君zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chi, Wu-Chunen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐靖茜zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Xu, Jing-Qianen_US
dc.creator (作者) 徐靖茜zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Xu, Jing-Qianen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2025 14:39:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2025 14:39:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2025 14:39:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112353030en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158994-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 112353030zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著氣候變遷與碳定價政策的加速推進,企業須揭露高品質且具可比性的碳排放資訊,以回應監管要求與利害關係人期待。然而,現行碳資訊揭露普遍欠缺結構性與一致性,致使資訊解讀困難,並加劇漂綠風險與資訊不對稱問題。本研究沿襲Reichelstein(2024)結合傳統資產負債表所發展之碳會計概念,發展一套以「約當碳排」為單位並融合傳統財務報導架構的碳會計報導制度,並設計配套的附註揭露機制,提升碳資訊的結構化、量化與可稽核性。此架構具高度標準化與一致性,有助於提升資訊可讀性與可比較性,並滿足企業、投資人、金融機構、消費者與主管機關等利害關係人需求。對企業而言,可作為碳績效管理與永續決策依據;對外部使用者與政策制定者而言,則可用於評估永續風險、課徵碳費與強化監理。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Amid accelerating climate change and the implementation of carbon pricing policies, companies are increasingly required to disclose high-quality and comparable carbon emissions information to meet regulatory expectations and stakeholder demands. However, current carbon disclosures often lack structural consistency and standardization, making the information difficult to interpret and exacerbating greenwashing risks and information asymmetry. Building on the carbon accounting concept developed by Reichelstein (2024), which integrates traditional balance sheet principles, this study proposes a carbon accounting reporting framework that adopts “equivalent carbon emissions” as the measurement unit and aligns with conventional financial reporting structures. In addition, a supplementary note disclosure mechanism is designed to enhance the structuring, quantification, and auditability of carbon information. This framework is highly standardized and consistent, thereby improving the readability and comparability of disclosed information and meeting the needs of stakeholders such as corporations, investors, financial institutions, consumers, and regulators. For corporations, this framework serves as a valuable tool for carbon performance management and sustainability-oriented decision-making. For external users—such as investors, financial institutions, consumers, and regulators—it provides a reliable basis for assessing sustainability risks, determining carbon levies, and strengthening regulatory oversight.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 I Abstract II 目次 III 表次 IV 圖次 VI 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與背景 1 第二節 研究目的 4 第三節 研究流程 5 第二章 文獻探討 6 第一節 國際碳管理概論與現況 6 第二節 台灣碳管理概述與現況 22 第三節 碳資訊與會計的結合 34 第四節 小結 50 第三章 碳資訊報導架構 51 第一節 碳會計基本概念 51 第二節 碳會計報表 56 第三節 碳報表交易釋例 79 第四章 結論與建議 90 第一節 結論 90 第二節 建議 94 參考文獻 98 附錄一 碳權應具備品質特性 102 附錄二 台灣碳管理制度補充 104zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3076798 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112353030en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 碳會計zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 碳資訊揭露zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 碳交易zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 碳管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Carbon Accountingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Carbon Disclosureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Carbon Tradingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Carbon Managementen_US
dc.title (題名) 碳資訊與會計之結合:碳會計報表之應用zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Integrating Carbon Information and Accounting: The Application of Carbon Accounting Statementsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文參考文獻 Cantone, B., Evans, D., & Reeson, A. (2023). The effect of carbon price on low carbon innovation. Scientific Reports, 13(9525). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36750-9 CDP. (n.d.). Question bank. Retrieved from https://cdp.net/en/disclose/question-bank Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2023). Achieving effective internal control over sustainability reporting (ICSR): Building trust and confidence through the COSO internal control—Integrated Framework. Retrieved from https://www.coso.org/_files/ugd/3059fc_a3a66be7a48c47e1a285cef0b1f64c92.pdf Douglas Hileman Consulting, LLC. (2021). 3 Attributes of ESG Reporting That Differ from Financial Reporting. Retrieved from www.douglashileman.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/3-Attributes-of-ESG-Reporting-March-2022-FIN.pdf Ecosystem Marketplace (2024). 2023 State of the Voluntary Carbon Market(SOVCM). Retrieved from https://3298623.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/3298623/SOVCM%202023/2023-EcoMarketplace_SOVCM-Nov28_FINALrev-Mar2024.pdf Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market(n.d.). Core carbon principles. Retrieved from https://icvcm.org/core-carbon-principles/ Kaplan, R. S., & Ramanna, K. (2021). Accounting for climate change. Harvard Business Review, November–December. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2021/11/accounting-for-climate-change Kaplan, R. S., Ramanna, K., & Reichelstein, S. J. (2023). Getting a clearer view of your company’s carbon footprint. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2023/04/getting-a-clearer-view-of-your-companys-carbon-footprint Penman, S. H. (2025). Accounting for carbon. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4721974 Pichai, S. (2020). Our Third Decade of Climate Action: Realizing a Carbon-Free Future. Retrieved from https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/sustainability/our-third-decade-climate-action-realizing-carbon-free-future/ Reichelstein, S. (2024). Corporate carbon accounting: Balance sheets and flow statements. Review of Accounting Studies, 29,2125-2156. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-024-09830-y Smith, B. (2021). One year later: The path to carbon negative – a progress report on our climate ‘moonshot’. The Official Microsoft Blog. Retrieved from https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2021/01/28/one-year-later-the-path-to-carbon-negative-a-progress-report-on-our-climate-moonshot/ ERM. (2023). Rate the raters 2023: ESG ratings at a crossroads. Retrieved from https://www.erm.com/rate-the-raters-2023 Wang, B., Yu, M., Zhu, Y., & Bao, P. (2021). Unveiling the driving factors of carbon emissions from industrial resource allocation in China: A spatial econometric perspective. 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