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題名 中國宗教與國家關係之研究 : 羅馬華人宗教性之初步質性探討
Religion-State Relations in China: A Preliminary Qualitative Study on the Religiosity of the Chinese Community in Rome
作者 夢瑤
Maria, Esmeralda Diega Di
貢獻者 胡力中
Hu, Li-Chung
夢瑤
Esmeralda Diega Di Maria
關鍵詞 宗教與國家關係
義大利華人社群
羅馬
移民
天主教
華人宗教性
身分認同
Religion-State relations
Chinese community
Rome
Migration
Catholicism
Diaspora religiosity
Identity
日期 2025
上傳時間 1-Sep-2025 14:58:17 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文探討義大利羅馬華人移民社群之宗教性的形式與意涵。研究之出發點在於觀察到華人宗教性在西方語境中經常被誤讀或曲解，因此旨在探討其信仰與靈性生活在離散環境中如何被形塑、再詮釋或轉化。 本研究採用混合方法，結合雙語問卷與質性訪談。樣本包含五十位受訪者，主要為成年店舖經營者與年輕學生，另有三位華人天主教社群的重要關鍵知情者。研究數據揭示出多層次且具動態性的宗教景觀：部分受訪者自我認同於制度化宗教，如天主教或基督新教；另一些則展現出根植於佛教傳統、祖先習俗或對超越力量信仰的個人靈性，而無正式的宗教歸屬。 研究發現，移民過程在重塑宗教認同上扮演了關鍵角色。與當地天主教社群的接觸往往回應存在性或社會性需求，而非純粹的神學信念。此外，研究亦凸顯將西方宗教範疇套用於華人語境的挑戰，因為「上帝」或「宗教」等概念未必能直接翻譯或對應。 本研究對宗教與移民的廣泛討論有所貢獻，提供了華人移民在義大利如何實踐、協商與再定義宗教性的洞見。同時，亦呼籲學界在相關研究中應展現更高的文化敏感度，並提出未來可持續深入的研究方向。
This thesis explores the forms and meanings of religiosity within the Chinese migrant community in Rome, Italy. Starting from the observation that Chinese religiosity is often misrepresented or misunderstood in Western contexts, the research aims to investigate how beliefs and spiritual practices are shaped, reinterpreted, or transformed in the diaspora. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combined a bilingual questionnaire with qualitative interviews. The sample included 50 participants, mostly adult shop owners and younger students, and three key informants from a Chinese Catholic community. The data reveal a multifaceted and dynamic religious landscape: while some respondents identify with institutional religions such as Catholicism or Evangelical Christianity, many others express a personal spirituality rooted in Buddhist tradition, ancestral customs, or belief in transcendent forces—often without formal affiliation. Findings show that the migration process plays a significant role in reshaping religious identity. Encounters with local Catholic communities often respond to existential or social needs rather than theological convictions. Moreover, the research highlights the challenges of applying Western religious categories to the Chinese context, where concepts such as “God” or “religion” do not always translate directly. This study contributes to the broader discourse on religion and migration, offering insights into how religiosity is lived, negotiated, and redefined by Chinese migrants in Italy. It also calls for greater cultural sensitivity in academic research and proposes directions for future inquiry.
參考文獻 Bibliography Benton, G. (2011). Chinese Popular Religion in France: Private Practices and Public Marginality. FRANCHIR PROJECT. Benton, Gregor. The Chinese in Europe: Origins and Transformations, in Religions and Christianity in Today’s China, 1(1), 2011, pp. 62–70. Cao, Nanlai. The Church as a Surrogate Family for Working Class Immigrant Chinese Youth: An Ethnography of Segmented Assimilation, Sociology of Religion, 66(2), 2005, pp. 183–200. Caritas/Migrantes. Immigrazione. Dossier Statistico 2011, XXI Rapporto, Roma: Idos, 2011. Ceccagno, Antonella (ed.). Il caso delle comunità cinesi. Comunicazione interculturale e istituzioni, Roma: Armando, 1997. Ceccagno, Antonella. Cinesi d’Italia. Storie in bilico tra due culture, Roma: Manifestolibri, 1998. Ceccagno, Antonella & Rastrelli, Renzo. Ombre cinesi? Dinamiche migratorie della diaspora cinese in Italia, Roma: Carocci, 2008. Chau, Adam Yuet. Miraculous Response: Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006. De Donato, Maria Raffaella. Nuove identità: un’indagine sui giovani immigrati e la religione in Italia, Tesi di laurea, Università “La Sapienza”, Roma, 2006. Di Corpo, Ulisse (a cura di). Analisi ed elaborazione dati sull’immigrazione cinese in Italia, Roma: OIM, Dipartimento per le Libertà Civili e l’Immigrazione, 2008. Fan, Lizhu. Spirituality in a Modern Chinese Metropolis, in China Perspectives, 2003(4), pp. 18–28. Granet, M. (1973). La religione dei cinesi. Torino: Einaudi. Goossaert, Vincent & Palmer, David A. The Religious Question in Modern China, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. Lanciotti, Lionello. Il sincretismo religioso della Cina moderna, Torino: Tipografia Pacotto/UNESCO, 1963. Lanciotti, Lionello. I cinesi e il problema religioso, in Conoscere la Cina, Torino: Fondazione Agnelli, 2000. Lucà Trombetta, Pino. Religioni e integrazione degli immigrati. Ricerche americane e italiane a confronto, Bologna: Dupress, 2007. Marshall, P., & Shea, L. (2011). Silenced: How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes are Choking Freedom Worldwide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. I nostri fratelli cinesi, Biella: Qiqajon, 2009. Nyíri, Pál. Moving Targets: Chinese Christian Proselytising Among Transnational Migrants from the PRC, European Journal of East Asian Studies, 2(2), 2003, pp. 242–300. Ó Laoidh, J. (2024). East Asian Religiosities in the European Union. In Religions and Transformation in Contemporary European Society. Brill. Overmyer, Daniel L. (ed.). Religion in China Today, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Palmer, David A. Heretical Doctrines, Reactionary Secret Societies, Evil Cults: Labeling Heterodoxy in Twentieth-Century China, Modern China, 2001, 27(2), pp. 114–147. Pedone, Valentina (a cura di). Il vicino cinese. La comunità cinese a Roma, Roma: Nuove Edizioni Romane, 2008. Shen, H. (2010). Religious Conversion and Community Formation among Chinese Evangelicals in Germany: Ethnographic Observations. Berlin: Institute for Migration Studies. Verso, Angela. Cinesi residenti in Italia e Cattolicesimo: conversazioni sulla religione, Tesi di laurea, Università degli Studi di Padova, 2005. Woo, T. T. (2010). Chinese Popular Religion in Diaspora: A Case Study of Shrines in Toronto’s Chinatowns. Diaspora Studies Journal. Yang, Fenggang. Chinese Conversion to Evangelical Christianity: The Importance of Social and Cultural Contexts, Sociology of Religion, 59(3), 1998, pp. 237–257. Yang, Fenggang & Ebaugh, Helen Rose. Religion and Ethnicity Among New Immigrants: The Impact of Majority/Minority Status in Home and Host Countries, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(3), 2001, pp. 367–378. Yang, Fenggang & Tamney, Joseph B. (eds.). State, Market, and Religions in Chinese Societies, Leiden: Brill, 2005. Zoccatelli, PierLuigi. Religioni e immigrazione. Le minoranze cinesi in Italia, in Studi Emigrazione, 148, 2002, pp. 821–832. Zhang, Xuefeng. How Religious Organizations Influence Chinese Conversion to Evangelical Protestantism in the United States, Sociology of Religion, 62(2), 2006, pp. 149–159.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
107926001
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107926001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 胡力中zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hu, Li-Chungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 夢瑤zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Esmeralda Diega Di Mariaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 夢瑤zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Maria, Esmeralda Diega Dien_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2025 14:58:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2025 14:58:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2025 14:58:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107926001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/159066-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107926001zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文探討義大利羅馬華人移民社群之宗教性的形式與意涵。研究之出發點在於觀察到華人宗教性在西方語境中經常被誤讀或曲解，因此旨在探討其信仰與靈性生活在離散環境中如何被形塑、再詮釋或轉化。 本研究採用混合方法，結合雙語問卷與質性訪談。樣本包含五十位受訪者，主要為成年店舖經營者與年輕學生，另有三位華人天主教社群的重要關鍵知情者。研究數據揭示出多層次且具動態性的宗教景觀：部分受訪者自我認同於制度化宗教，如天主教或基督新教；另一些則展現出根植於佛教傳統、祖先習俗或對超越力量信仰的個人靈性，而無正式的宗教歸屬。 研究發現，移民過程在重塑宗教認同上扮演了關鍵角色。與當地天主教社群的接觸往往回應存在性或社會性需求，而非純粹的神學信念。此外，研究亦凸顯將西方宗教範疇套用於華人語境的挑戰，因為「上帝」或「宗教」等概念未必能直接翻譯或對應。 本研究對宗教與移民的廣泛討論有所貢獻，提供了華人移民在義大利如何實踐、協商與再定義宗教性的洞見。同時，亦呼籲學界在相關研究中應展現更高的文化敏感度，並提出未來可持續深入的研究方向。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis explores the forms and meanings of religiosity within the Chinese migrant community in Rome, Italy. Starting from the observation that Chinese religiosity is often misrepresented or misunderstood in Western contexts, the research aims to investigate how beliefs and spiritual practices are shaped, reinterpreted, or transformed in the diaspora. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combined a bilingual questionnaire with qualitative interviews. The sample included 50 participants, mostly adult shop owners and younger students, and three key informants from a Chinese Catholic community. The data reveal a multifaceted and dynamic religious landscape: while some respondents identify with institutional religions such as Catholicism or Evangelical Christianity, many others express a personal spirituality rooted in Buddhist tradition, ancestral customs, or belief in transcendent forces—often without formal affiliation. Findings show that the migration process plays a significant role in reshaping religious identity. Encounters with local Catholic communities often respond to existential or social needs rather than theological convictions. Moreover, the research highlights the challenges of applying Western religious categories to the Chinese context, where concepts such as “God” or “religion” do not always translate directly. This study contributes to the broader discourse on religion and migration, offering insights into how religiosity is lived, negotiated, and redefined by Chinese migrants in Italy. It also calls for greater cultural sensitivity in academic research and proposes directions for future inquiry.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Introduction ……………………p.5–7 Chapter 1 – Religion, State and Ideology in the Chinese Context……………………p.7-11 1.1 Defining Religion in China…………………p.7 1.2 The Role of the State and the Government…………………………p.8 1.3 State Ideology and Religious Control………………………………p.8-9 1.4 Religion as Cultural Practice…………………………………p.9-10 1.5 Implications for the Diaspora and This Research……p.10-11 Chapter 2 – Literature Review …………………………………p.11-19 2.1 Religion-State Relations in China: Historical and Political Dynamics…………………………p.11-12 2.2 Catholicism in China: Between Foreign Legacy and Sinicization………………p.12-13 2.3 The Chinese Religious Diaspora: Global Trends and European Gaps   - Transnationalism and Adaptation………………p.13–14 2.4 Chinese Catholics in Italy: Structures, Challenges, and Agency   - Community Structures and Religious Practice …………………p.14 2.5 Theoretical Framework: Religion, Migration, and Identity…………………p.15 2.6 Comparative Perspectives on Chinese Diaspora Religiosity…………………p.15-19 Chapter 3 – Methodology…………………p.19-26 3.1 Research Design and Epistemological Approach………………p.19 3.2 Fieldwork Setting: The Chinese Community in Rome…………p.20 3.3 Data Collection Methods…………………p.20   3.3.1 Questionnaire…………………p.20–22   3.3.2 Semi-Structured Interviews…………………p.22–23   3.3.3 Participant Observation…………………p.23-24 3.4 Ethical Considerations and Researcher’s Positionality…………………p.24 3.5 Methodological Challenges and Limitations…………………p.24-26 Chapter 4 – Discussion Findings…………………p.26–42 4.0 Methodological Reflections on the Qualitative Approach…………p.26-27 4.1 Belief, Identity, and the Burden of Western Assumption…………………p.27-29 4.2 Home Altars and Holiday Practices: A Hybrid Spiritual Landscape…………………p.29-30 4.3 The Limits of Language and the Need for Dial……………p.30 4.4 Differences between Religious Life in China and Italy…………………p.30-33 4.5 Deepening the Inquiry: Qualitative Interviews…………p.33-39 4.6 Reflections and Final Considerations …………………p.39–40 4.7 Comparative Reflection: Conversion and Pragmatism in Diaspora and Authoritarian Contexts…………………p.41-42 Conclusions…………………p.42-45 Appendix A – Bilingual Questionnaire / Questionario bilingue…………………p.45–53 Bibliography…………………p.53–56zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107926001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宗教與國家關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 義大利華人社群zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 羅馬zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 移民zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 天主教zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 華人宗教性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 身分認同zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Religion-State relationsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese communityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Romeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Migrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Catholicismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Diaspora religiosityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Identityen_US
dc.title (題名) 中國宗教與國家關係之研究 : 羅馬華人宗教性之初步質性探討zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Religion-State Relations in China: A Preliminary Qualitative Study on the Religiosity of the Chinese Community in Romeen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bibliography Benton, G. (2011). Chinese Popular Religion in France: Private Practices and Public Marginality. FRANCHIR PROJECT. Benton, Gregor. The Chinese in Europe: Origins and Transformations, in Religions and Christianity in Today’s China, 1(1), 2011, pp. 62–70. Cao, Nanlai. The Church as a Surrogate Family for Working Class Immigrant Chinese Youth: An Ethnography of Segmented Assimilation, Sociology of Religion, 66(2), 2005, pp. 183–200. Caritas/Migrantes. Immigrazione. Dossier Statistico 2011, XXI Rapporto, Roma: Idos, 2011. Ceccagno, Antonella (ed.). Il caso delle comunità cinesi. Comunicazione interculturale e istituzioni, Roma: Armando, 1997. Ceccagno, Antonella. Cinesi d’Italia. Storie in bilico tra due culture, Roma: Manifestolibri, 1998. Ceccagno, Antonella & Rastrelli, Renzo. Ombre cinesi? Dinamiche migratorie della diaspora cinese in Italia, Roma: Carocci, 2008. Chau, Adam Yuet. Miraculous Response: Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006. De Donato, Maria Raffaella. Nuove identità: un’indagine sui giovani immigrati e la religione in Italia, Tesi di laurea, Università “La Sapienza”, Roma, 2006. Di Corpo, Ulisse (a cura di). Analisi ed elaborazione dati sull’immigrazione cinese in Italia, Roma: OIM, Dipartimento per le Libertà Civili e l’Immigrazione, 2008. Fan, Lizhu. Spirituality in a Modern Chinese Metropolis, in China Perspectives, 2003(4), pp. 18–28. Granet, M. (1973). La religione dei cinesi. Torino: Einaudi. Goossaert, Vincent & Palmer, David A. The Religious Question in Modern China, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. Lanciotti, Lionello. Il sincretismo religioso della Cina moderna, Torino: Tipografia Pacotto/UNESCO, 1963. Lanciotti, Lionello. I cinesi e il problema religioso, in Conoscere la Cina, Torino: Fondazione Agnelli, 2000. Lucà Trombetta, Pino. Religioni e integrazione degli immigrati. Ricerche americane e italiane a confronto, Bologna: Dupress, 2007. Marshall, P., & Shea, L. (2011). Silenced: How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes are Choking Freedom Worldwide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nicolini-Zani, Matteo. I nostri fratelli cinesi, Biella: Qiqajon, 2009. Nyíri, Pál. Moving Targets: Chinese Christian Proselytising Among Transnational Migrants from the PRC, European Journal of East Asian Studies, 2(2), 2003, pp. 242–300. Ó Laoidh, J. (2024). East Asian Religiosities in the European Union. In Religions and Transformation in Contemporary European Society. Brill. Overmyer, Daniel L. (ed.). Religion in China Today, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Palmer, David A. Heretical Doctrines, Reactionary Secret Societies, Evil Cults: Labeling Heterodoxy in Twentieth-Century China, Modern China, 2001, 27(2), pp. 114–147. Pedone, Valentina (a cura di). Il vicino cinese. La comunità cinese a Roma, Roma: Nuove Edizioni Romane, 2008. Shen, H. (2010). Religious Conversion and Community Formation among Chinese Evangelicals in Germany: Ethnographic Observations. Berlin: Institute for Migration Studies. Verso, Angela. Cinesi residenti in Italia e Cattolicesimo: conversazioni sulla religione, Tesi di laurea, Università degli Studi di Padova, 2005. Woo, T. T. (2010). Chinese Popular Religion in Diaspora: A Case Study of Shrines in Toronto’s Chinatowns. Diaspora Studies Journal. Yang, Fenggang. Chinese Conversion to Evangelical Christianity: The Importance of Social and Cultural Contexts, Sociology of Religion, 59(3), 1998, pp. 237–257. Yang, Fenggang & Ebaugh, Helen Rose. Religion and Ethnicity Among New Immigrants: The Impact of Majority/Minority Status in Home and Host Countries, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(3), 2001, pp. 367–378. Yang, Fenggang & Tamney, Joseph B. (eds.). State, Market, and Religions in Chinese Societies, Leiden: Brill, 2005. Zoccatelli, PierLuigi. Religioni e immigrazione. Le minoranze cinesi in Italia, in Studi Emigrazione, 148, 2002, pp. 821–832. Zhang, Xuefeng. How Religious Organizations Influence Chinese Conversion to Evangelical Protestantism in the United States, Sociology of Religion, 62(2), 2006, pp. 149–159.zh_TW