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題名 2019年至2024年台灣的信任與電子商務平台
Trust and E-Commerce Platforms in Taiwan from 2019 to 2024
作者 蘇亞杰
Solomon, Joshua Alexander
貢獻者 杜福童
Jacob Reidhead
蘇亞杰
Joshua Alexander Solomon
關鍵詞 台湾
非接觸式
宅配服務
便利性
可及性
可用性
線上行銷
新型冠狀病毒肺炎大流行
Taiwan
Contactless
Home Delivery Services
Convenience
Accessibility
Availability
Online Marketing
COVID-19 Pandemic
日期 2025
上傳時間 1-Sep-2025 14:59:54 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文探討台灣自2019年至2024年電子商務平台的快速成長與信任的演變，特別聚焦於COVID-19疫情的影響。研究檢視公共衛生關注、信任感以及特定人口因素如何影響消費者的購買行為，增進消費者對線上購物的依賴，特別是在宅配服務與非接觸式支付方面。本研究採用混合方法取向，結合量化調查與資料分析，探討在疫情期間及疫情後，消費者信任、健康關注與電子商務使用之間的關聯。研究結果主要顯示，便利性與可及性顯著成為趨勢，這一轉變係由創新的數位行銷策略與科技進步所推動。本研究強調，建立精準性的信任措施對於維持台灣數位經濟的長期成長至關重要，提供政策制定者與企業在因應後疫情時代消費者趨勢方面實務上的洞見。
This thesis explores the rapid growth and evolving trust in e-commerce platforms in Taiwan from 2019 to 2024, with particular focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines how public health concerns, trust, and particular demographic factors have influenced consumer purchasing behaviors, fostering increased reliance on online shopping, especially for home delivery and contactless transactions. Employing quantitative surveys and data analysis, the study investigates the relationship between consumer trust, health concerns, and e-commerce usage during and after the pandemic. Key findings highlight significant shifts in trust for the use of e-commerce, shifts driven by innovative digital marketing strategies and technological advancements. Given the belief that the rise in e-commerce would be mostly due to health concerns, the research showing health concerns played very little role in the rise in use, yet trust was more of a driving factor was an unexpected result. The fact a significant drop in post-pandemic e-commerce usage was not found is quite significant. This means that the COVID-era increase in e-commerce usage has not retreated in the post-COVID era. Although it is a "null finding", The research underscores the importance of building targeted trust measures to sustain long-term growth in Taiwan’s digital economy, providing practical insights for policymakers and businesses seeking to adapt to post-pandemic consumer trends.
參考文獻 Alzaidi, M. S., & Agag, G. (2022). The role of trust and privacy concerns in using social media for e-retail services: The moderating role of COVID-19. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 68, 103042. Al-maaitah, T. A., et al, (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the electronic commerce users behavior. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349320143_The_Impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_Electronic_Commerce_Users_Behavior Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. file:///Users/joshuacherry-solomon/Downloads/BaronKenny_86.pdf Briedis, H., et al, (2020, May 14). Adapting to the next normal in retail: The customer experience imperative. McKinsey & Company, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/adapting-to-the-next-normal-in-retail-the-customer-experience-imperative Marco Cascella, et al, National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19), 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/ Chang, H.H., & Meyerhoefer, C.D. (2021). COVID-19 and the demand for online food shopping services. Empirical evidence from Taiwan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 103(2), 448-465. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12170 Cognizant. (n.d.). The work ahead in retail: Redefining shopping for a post-pandemic world. https://www.cognizant.com/en_us/insights/documents/the-work-ahead-in-retail-redefining-shopping-for-a-post-pandemic-world-codex6519.pdf Dang, H. L., Bao, N. V., & Cho, Y. (2023). Consumer behavior towards e-commerce in the post-COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for relationship marketing and environment. Asian Journal of Business Environment, 13(1), 9-19. https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/bitstream/11125/46455/1/Consumer%20Behavior%20towards%20E-Commerce%20in%20the%20Post-COVID-19%20Pandemic.pdf Fulco, M. (2021). It’s time for Taiwan to accelerate digitization of the financial sector and payments. The Taiwan Banker, 140. Taiwan Academy of Banking and Finance. https://service.tabf.org.tw/TTB/Article/DetailEn?aID=532 Guo, J., et al, (2022). Has COVID-19 accelerated the e-commerce of agricultural products? Evidence from sales data of e-stores in China. Food Policy, 112, 102377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102377 Hsieh, V. C.-R., Tsai, M.-H., Chiang, H.-C., & Weng, M.-Y. (2024). Lessons learned from Taiwan’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Successes, challenges, and implications for future pandemics. European Journal of Public Health, 35(1), 153–162. I Connect. (n.d.). Taiwan B2B digital marketing strategies & tips. Retrieved February 15, 2025, https://blog.i-connectweb.com/popular-articles-en/taiwan-b2b-digital-marketing-strategies-tips/ Jao, N. (2018, March 27). Explainer: Why Taiwan is slow to adopt mobile payments. Technode. https://meet-global.bnext.com.tw/articles/view/42608? Khandelwal, U., & Bajpai, N. (2023). Consumer conformity matter to consumer attitude? A comparative study between metro and non-metro city. file:///Users/joshuacherry-solomon/Downloads/Consumerconformitypaper.pdf Kozioł-Nadolna, K., & Beyer, K. (2021). Determinants of the decision-making process in organizations. Procedia Computer Science, 192, 2375–2384. file:///Users/joshuacherry-solomon/Downloads/1-s2.0-S1877050921017439-main.pdf Kuo, S.-C., Shih, S.-M., Chien, L.-H., & Hsiung, C. A. (2020). Collateral benefit of COVID-19 control measures on influenza activity, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(8), 1928–1930. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7392415/ (Lian, J.-W., & Li, J. (2021). The dimensions of trust: An investigation of mobile payment services in Taiwan. Technology in Society, 67, 101753. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160791X21002281 Lietzow, R., et al, (2024). COVID-19’s impact on Chinese consumer behavior and business strategy. 21st Century China Center, UC San Diego. https://china.ucsd.edu/opinion/post/covid-19s-impact-on-chinese-consumer-behavior-and-business-strategy.html#:~:text=health%20insurance%20industry.-,Overall%2C%20COVID%2D19%20has%20left%20the%20typical%20Chinese%20consumer%20with,the%20overall%20economy%20is%20depressed. Liu, X., & Chang, Y.-C. (2020). An emergency responding mechanism for cruise epidemic prevention—taking COVID-19 as an example. Marine Policy, 119, 104093. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X20302451 Liu, Y., Tsai, W. S., & Tao, W. (2019). The interplay between brand globalness and localness for iconic global and local brands in the transitioning Chinese market. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 32(5), 525-540. https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/bitstream/11125/46455/1/Consumer%20Behavior%20towards%20E-Commerce%20in%20the%20Post-COVID-19%20Pandemic.pdf Wanglin Ma, et al. (2023, March 14). China’s experience with mobile payments highlights the pros and cons of a cashless society. The Conversation. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382489935_China's_experience_with_mobile_payments_highlights_the_pros_and_cons_of_a_cashless_society Ma, Y. (2024, December 20). Coronavirus impacts on online shopping usage in Taiwan August 2020. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1207404/taiwan-covid-19-impacts-on-online-shopping/ Ng, W.-K., Chen, S., Chen, W.-H., Chen, C.-L., & Jiang, J.-L. (2024). Mobile payment innovation ecosystem and mechanism: A case study of Taiwan’s servicescapes. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 19(1), 633-653. https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/19/1/34 Paraschiv, D. M., et al, (2022). The change in e-commerce in the context of the Coronavirus pandemic. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 17(2), 220-233., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361938564_The_change_in_e-commerce_in_the_context_of_the_Coronavirus_pandemic Revinova, S. Y., & Ivashchenko, E. A. (2021). E-commerce in China amid COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. RUDN Journal of Economics, 29(4), 699-715. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-699-715 Sung, E., Chung, W. Y., & Lee, D. (2023). Factors that affect consumer trust in product quality: A focus on online reviews and shopping platforms. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 766. file:///Users/joshuacherry-solomon/Downloads/Factors_that_affect_consumer_trust_in_product_qual.pdf St. Gallen Symposium. (2025). What drives trust in online business? Voices of the Leaders of Tomorrow Report. https://symposium.org/what-drives-trust-in-online-business/?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=11883755717&gbraid=0AAAAABuvSuezcMB_RvS9UmTFZwZ8BYjzN&gclid=Cj0KCQjw64jDBhDXARIsABkk8J4rWH9jssFW-Oo8VQiBw8Q1plLfs9eT_5UOFA9b28ZRNrH1k9J6MdAaAlqYEALw_wcB Tsai, M.-C. (2021). Developing a sustainability strategy for Taiwan’s tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0248319. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248319 Tsay, J.-R., Yang, Y.-H., Chang, C.-Y., & Chen, C.-T. (2021). Thriving accelerators for smart agriculture in Taiwan during COVID-19 pandemic. FFTC Journal of Agricultural Policy, 2(1), 91-93. https://ap.fftc.org.tw/system/files/journal_article/Thriving%20Accelerators%20for%20Smart%20Agriculture%20in%20Taiwan%20during%20COVID-19%20Pandemic_0.pdf
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
112926007
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112926007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 杜福童zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jacob Reidheaden_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蘇亞杰zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Joshua Alexander Solomonen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蘇亞杰zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Solomon, Joshua Alexanderen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2025 14:59:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2025 14:59:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2025 14:59:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112926007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/159075-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 112926007zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文探討台灣自2019年至2024年電子商務平台的快速成長與信任的演變，特別聚焦於COVID-19疫情的影響。研究檢視公共衛生關注、信任感以及特定人口因素如何影響消費者的購買行為，增進消費者對線上購物的依賴，特別是在宅配服務與非接觸式支付方面。本研究採用混合方法取向，結合量化調查與資料分析，探討在疫情期間及疫情後，消費者信任、健康關注與電子商務使用之間的關聯。研究結果主要顯示，便利性與可及性顯著成為趨勢，這一轉變係由創新的數位行銷策略與科技進步所推動。本研究強調，建立精準性的信任措施對於維持台灣數位經濟的長期成長至關重要，提供政策制定者與企業在因應後疫情時代消費者趨勢方面實務上的洞見。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis explores the rapid growth and evolving trust in e-commerce platforms in Taiwan from 2019 to 2024, with particular focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines how public health concerns, trust, and particular demographic factors have influenced consumer purchasing behaviors, fostering increased reliance on online shopping, especially for home delivery and contactless transactions. Employing quantitative surveys and data analysis, the study investigates the relationship between consumer trust, health concerns, and e-commerce usage during and after the pandemic. Key findings highlight significant shifts in trust for the use of e-commerce, shifts driven by innovative digital marketing strategies and technological advancements. Given the belief that the rise in e-commerce would be mostly due to health concerns, the research showing health concerns played very little role in the rise in use, yet trust was more of a driving factor was an unexpected result. The fact a significant drop in post-pandemic e-commerce usage was not found is quite significant. This means that the COVID-era increase in e-commerce usage has not retreated in the post-COVID era. Although it is a "null finding", The research underscores the importance of building targeted trust measures to sustain long-term growth in Taiwan’s digital economy, providing practical insights for policymakers and businesses seeking to adapt to post-pandemic consumer trends.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract 2 Key Words and Phrases 2 摘要 3 關鍵詞 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 E-Commerce During and After COVID 6 Public Health Concerns, Demographics, and Online Trust 7 Introduce Research Design, Data & Methods 8 Brief Summary of Findings 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 11 COVID-19 and E-Commerce in Taiwan 11 Trust in Online Commerce in Taiwan 16 Public Health Concerns and Consumer Behavior 19 Chapter 3: Research Design 22 Research Scope 22 Choice of Method for Conducting My Research 23 Survey Variables 25 Hypotheses 29 Chapter 4: Survey Measures 31 E-Commerce Usage 31 Trust Index 33 Comfortable in Large Groups 34 Demographic Measures 35 Age 36 Gender 37 Location 38 Chapter 5: Survey Analysis 39 Trust and E-Commerce Usage Relationship 40 Comfort in Large Groups and E-Commerce Usage Relationship 42 Demographic Variables 44 Gender 44 Age 45 Region Type and E-Commerce Usage 47 Regression Analysis 49 Chapter 6: Discussion 52 Findings 52 E-commerce Usage 52 Trust 52 Health Concerns 53 Demographics 53 Null Results 55 Limitations 55 Data Accessibility and Reliability 56 Language and Cultural Barriers 57 Sampling Method 57 Conclusion 59 Future Directions 61 References 63 Appendix 67 Survey Questions 67 Use During Pandemic 67 Use After Pandemic 67 Trust in E-Commerce 68 Health Concerns Post-Pandemic 69 Demographics 70 Survey Results 70 Use During Pandemic 70 Use Post-Pandemic 74 Trust in E-Commerce 77 Health Concerns: During Pandemic 80 Health Concerns: Post-Pandemic 82zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5426444 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112926007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台湾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非接觸式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宅配服務zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 便利性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可及性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可用性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 線上行銷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新型冠狀病毒肺炎大流行zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Contactlessen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Home Delivery Servicesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Convenienceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Accessibilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Availabilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Online Marketingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) COVID-19 Pandemicen_US
dc.title (題名) 2019年至2024年台灣的信任與電子商務平台zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Trust and E-Commerce Platforms in Taiwan from 2019 to 2024en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alzaidi, M. S., & Agag, G. (2022). The role of trust and privacy concerns in using social media for e-retail services: The moderating role of COVID-19. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 68, 103042. Al-maaitah, T. A., et al, (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the electronic commerce users behavior. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349320143_The_Impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_Electronic_Commerce_Users_Behavior Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. file:///Users/joshuacherry-solomon/Downloads/BaronKenny_86.pdf Briedis, H., et al, (2020, May 14). Adapting to the next normal in retail: The customer experience imperative. McKinsey & Company, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/adapting-to-the-next-normal-in-retail-the-customer-experience-imperative Marco Cascella, et al, National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19), 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/ Chang, H.H., & Meyerhoefer, C.D. (2021). COVID-19 and the demand for online food shopping services. Empirical evidence from Taiwan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 103(2), 448-465. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12170 Cognizant. (n.d.). The work ahead in retail: Redefining shopping for a post-pandemic world. https://www.cognizant.com/en_us/insights/documents/the-work-ahead-in-retail-redefining-shopping-for-a-post-pandemic-world-codex6519.pdf Dang, H. L., Bao, N. V., & Cho, Y. (2023). Consumer behavior towards e-commerce in the post-COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for relationship marketing and environment. Asian Journal of Business Environment, 13(1), 9-19. https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/bitstream/11125/46455/1/Consumer%20Behavior%20towards%20E-Commerce%20in%20the%20Post-COVID-19%20Pandemic.pdf Fulco, M. (2021). It’s time for Taiwan to accelerate digitization of the financial sector and payments. The Taiwan Banker, 140. Taiwan Academy of Banking and Finance. https://service.tabf.org.tw/TTB/Article/DetailEn?aID=532 Guo, J., et al, (2022). Has COVID-19 accelerated the e-commerce of agricultural products? Evidence from sales data of e-stores in China. Food Policy, 112, 102377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102377 Hsieh, V. C.-R., Tsai, M.-H., Chiang, H.-C., & Weng, M.-Y. (2024). Lessons learned from Taiwan’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Successes, challenges, and implications for future pandemics. European Journal of Public Health, 35(1), 153–162. I Connect. (n.d.). Taiwan B2B digital marketing strategies & tips. Retrieved February 15, 2025, https://blog.i-connectweb.com/popular-articles-en/taiwan-b2b-digital-marketing-strategies-tips/ Jao, N. (2018, March 27). Explainer: Why Taiwan is slow to adopt mobile payments. Technode. https://meet-global.bnext.com.tw/articles/view/42608? Khandelwal, U., & Bajpai, N. (2023). Consumer conformity matter to consumer attitude? A comparative study between metro and non-metro city. file:///Users/joshuacherry-solomon/Downloads/Consumerconformitypaper.pdf Kozioł-Nadolna, K., & Beyer, K. (2021). Determinants of the decision-making process in organizations. Procedia Computer Science, 192, 2375–2384. file:///Users/joshuacherry-solomon/Downloads/1-s2.0-S1877050921017439-main.pdf Kuo, S.-C., Shih, S.-M., Chien, L.-H., & Hsiung, C. A. (2020). Collateral benefit of COVID-19 control measures on influenza activity, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(8), 1928–1930. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7392415/ (Lian, J.-W., & Li, J. (2021). The dimensions of trust: An investigation of mobile payment services in Taiwan. Technology in Society, 67, 101753. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160791X21002281 Lietzow, R., et al, (2024). COVID-19’s impact on Chinese consumer behavior and business strategy. 21st Century China Center, UC San Diego. https://china.ucsd.edu/opinion/post/covid-19s-impact-on-chinese-consumer-behavior-and-business-strategy.html#:~:text=health%20insurance%20industry.-,Overall%2C%20COVID%2D19%20has%20left%20the%20typical%20Chinese%20consumer%20with,the%20overall%20economy%20is%20depressed. Liu, X., & Chang, Y.-C. (2020). An emergency responding mechanism for cruise epidemic prevention—taking COVID-19 as an example. Marine Policy, 119, 104093. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X20302451 Liu, Y., Tsai, W. S., & Tao, W. (2019). The interplay between brand globalness and localness for iconic global and local brands in the transitioning Chinese market. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 32(5), 525-540. https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/bitstream/11125/46455/1/Consumer%20Behavior%20towards%20E-Commerce%20in%20the%20Post-COVID-19%20Pandemic.pdf Wanglin Ma, et al. (2023, March 14). China’s experience with mobile payments highlights the pros and cons of a cashless society. The Conversation. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382489935_China's_experience_with_mobile_payments_highlights_the_pros_and_cons_of_a_cashless_society Ma, Y. (2024, December 20). Coronavirus impacts on online shopping usage in Taiwan August 2020. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1207404/taiwan-covid-19-impacts-on-online-shopping/ Ng, W.-K., Chen, S., Chen, W.-H., Chen, C.-L., & Jiang, J.-L. (2024). Mobile payment innovation ecosystem and mechanism: A case study of Taiwan’s servicescapes. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 19(1), 633-653. https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/19/1/34 Paraschiv, D. M., et al, (2022). The change in e-commerce in the context of the Coronavirus pandemic. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 17(2), 220-233., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361938564_The_change_in_e-commerce_in_the_context_of_the_Coronavirus_pandemic Revinova, S. Y., & Ivashchenko, E. A. (2021). E-commerce in China amid COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. RUDN Journal of Economics, 29(4), 699-715. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-699-715 Sung, E., Chung, W. Y., & Lee, D. (2023). Factors that affect consumer trust in product quality: A focus on online reviews and shopping platforms. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 766. file:///Users/joshuacherry-solomon/Downloads/Factors_that_affect_consumer_trust_in_product_qual.pdf St. Gallen Symposium. (2025). What drives trust in online business? Voices of the Leaders of Tomorrow Report. https://symposium.org/what-drives-trust-in-online-business/?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=11883755717&gbraid=0AAAAABuvSuezcMB_RvS9UmTFZwZ8BYjzN&gclid=Cj0KCQjw64jDBhDXARIsABkk8J4rWH9jssFW-Oo8VQiBw8Q1plLfs9eT_5UOFA9b28ZRNrH1k9J6MdAaAlqYEALw_wcB Tsai, M.-C. (2021). Developing a sustainability strategy for Taiwan’s tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0248319. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248319 Tsay, J.-R., Yang, Y.-H., Chang, C.-Y., & Chen, C.-T. (2021). Thriving accelerators for smart agriculture in Taiwan during COVID-19 pandemic. FFTC Journal of Agricultural Policy, 2(1), 91-93. https://ap.fftc.org.tw/system/files/journal_article/Thriving%20Accelerators%20for%20Smart%20Agriculture%20in%20Taiwan%20during%20COVID-19%20Pandemic_0.pdfzh_TW