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題名 探討跨鏈時間雜湊鎖算法之逾時議題
Investigation of the Practical Timeout Issue in Cross-Chain Hashed Time-Locked Contracts作者 王博揚
WANG, PO-YANG貢獻者 陳恭
Chen, Kung
王博揚
WANG, PO-YANG關鍵詞 國立政治大學
跨鏈技術
時間雜湊鎖合約
鏈外計時器
資產代幣化
實體資產
穩定幣
區塊鏈
NCCU
Cross-chain Technology
Hash Timelock Contract,
Off-chaintimers
Asset Tokenization
Real World Assets
Stablecoin
Blockchain日期 2025 上傳時間 1-Sep-2025 15:04:41 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究探討跨鏈時間雜湊鎖算法(HTLC)在數位資產支付系統中的技術實作問題。隨著全球金融市場邁向數位化，金融機構對於跨鏈資產之應用需求日益增加。研究分析了歐洲央行、日本央行以及新加坡金融管理局等機構對HTLC的研究成果，發現時間鎖機制在實際應用中存在諸多挑戰。研究聚焦於非託管式跨鏈橋接的架構設計，針對這些機構普遍提出的時間鎖相關問題，提出改進方案。本研究針對數位資產跨鏈支付的HTLC算法的實踐中，可能遇到的逾時問題進行分析，並提出使用鏈外計時器的建議，對提升數位資產所需用到數位支付方案，提供了安全且具合規潛力的技術基礎。
This study investigates the technical implementation challenges of Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLC) in cross-chain digital asset payment systems. As the global financial market advances toward digitalization, financial institutions are showing increasing de mand for cross-chain asset applications. The research reviews findings from institutions such as the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, and the Monetary Authority of Singapore, revealing that time-lock mechanisms face multiple challenges in practical de ployment. Focusing on the architectural design of non-custodial cross-chain bridges, the study proposes improvements to address common time-lock issues raised by these insti tutions. Specifically, it analyzes potential timeout problems in the practical use of HTLC for cross-chain digital asset payments and recommends the use of off-chain timers as a mitigation strategy. The results provide a secure and compliance-ready technical foun dation for enhancing digital payment schemes involving digital assets.參考文獻 Bank for International Settlements (2021). Central bank digital currencies for cross-border payments report to the g20. Technical report, BIS. Bank for International Settlements (2022). Project mBridge: Connecting economies through CBDC. Technical report, BIS. Binance News (2024). Critical Vulnerability Found In Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol. https://www.binance.com/en/square/post/ 2024-04-23-critical-vulnerability-found-in-inter-blockchain-communication-protocol-7171198376001. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Blockstream (2020). Liquid sounds promising, but how does it work? Accessed: 2025-05-18. Chainlink Labs (2024a). 3 key architectural decisions behind ccip’s advanced security. https://blog. chain.link/ccip-security-features/. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Chainlink Labs (2024b). Chainlink ccip architecture. https://docs.chain.link/ccip/architecture. Ac- cessed: 2025-05-18. Chervinski, J. O., Kreutz, D., Xu, X., and Yu, J. (2023). Analyzing the performance of the inter- blockchain communication protocol. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.10844. Cosmos Network (2023). Inter-blockchain communication protocol. Technical specification, Cosmos. European Central Bank and Bank of Japan (2020). Securities settlement systems: delivery-versus- payment in a distributed ledger environment. Technical report, ECB and BOJ. This report, often referring to Project Stella Phase 4, discusses confidentiality and auditability. For direct discussion on DvP and HTLC time-lock risks, the earlier Project Stella Phase 2 report from 2018 ( https: //www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/stella_project_report_march_2018.pdf ) is highly relevant. Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2022). Phase One Report Technical Appendix. Technical report, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2023). Project Cedar Phase II x Ubin+. Technical report, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Financial Action Task Force (2022). Targeted update on implementation of the FATF standards on virtual assets and virtual asset service providers. Technical report, FATF. Fries, C. P. and Kohl-Landgraf, P. (2023). A proposal for a lean and functional delivery versus payment across two blockchains. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.05966v1. Version 1, submitted on November 10, 2023. Herlihy, M. (2018). Atomic cross-chain swaps. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pages 245–254. ACM. Kotey, S. D., Tchao, E. T., Ahmed, A.-R., et al. (2023). Blockchain interoperability: The state of heterogeneous blockchain-to-blockchain communication. IET Communications, 17:891–914. LayerZero Labs, Inc. (2023). Layerzero documentation. https://docs.layerzero.network/v2#:~:text=,chain. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Lu, Y.-H., Yeh, C.-C., and Kuo, Y.-M. (2024). Exploring the critical factors affecting the adoption of blockchain: Taiwan’s banking industry. Financial Innovation, 10(23). MAP Protocol (2023). Map protocol white paper. https://www.mapprotocol.io/article?id=whitepaper. Accessed: 2025-05-18. MAS, SGX, Anquan Capital, Deloitte and Nasdaq (2020). Project ubin dvp on distributed ledger technologies. Technical report, MAS. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Self-published. Nolan, T. (n.d.). Atomic swap - bitcoin wiki. https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Atomic_swap. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Poly Network (2022). Poly Network Attack Incident Analysis. https://medium.com/coinmonks/ cross-chain-bridge-vulnerability-summary-f16b7747f364. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Zarick, R., Pellegrino, B., and Banister, C. (2023). Layerzero: Trustless inter-chain transactions. https://layerzero.network/pdf/LayerZero_Whitepaper_Release.pdf. Accessed: 2025-05-18. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
112356023資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112356023 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳恭 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Kung en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王博揚 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) WANG, PO-YANG en_US dc.creator (作者) 王博揚 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) WANG, PO-YANG en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2025 15:04:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2025 15:04:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2025 15:04:41 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112356023 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/159093 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊管理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 112356023 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究探討跨鏈時間雜湊鎖算法(HTLC)在數位資產支付系統中的技術實作問題。隨著全球金融市場邁向數位化，金融機構對於跨鏈資產之應用需求日益增加。研究分析了歐洲央行、日本央行以及新加坡金融管理局等機構對HTLC的研究成果，發現時間鎖機制在實際應用中存在諸多挑戰。研究聚焦於非託管式跨鏈橋接的架構設計，針對這些機構普遍提出的時間鎖相關問題，提出改進方案。本研究針對數位資產跨鏈支付的HTLC算法的實踐中，可能遇到的逾時問題進行分析，並提出使用鏈外計時器的建議，對提升數位資產所需用到數位支付方案，提供了安全且具合規潛力的技術基礎。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study investigates the technical implementation challenges of Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLC) in cross-chain digital asset payment systems. As the global financial market advances toward digitalization, financial institutions are showing increasing de mand for cross-chain asset applications. The research reviews findings from institutions such as the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, and the Monetary Authority of Singapore, revealing that time-lock mechanisms face multiple challenges in practical de ployment. Focusing on the architectural design of non-custodial cross-chain bridges, the study proposes improvements to address common time-lock issues raised by these insti tutions. Specifically, it analyzes potential timeout problems in the practical use of HTLC for cross-chain digital asset payments and recommends the use of off-chain timers as a mitigation strategy. The results provide a secure and compliance-ready technical foun dation for enhancing digital payment schemes involving digital assets. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 i Abstract ii 目錄 iii 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 ix 程式碼與日誌列表 x 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.1.1 跨鏈資產交換 1 1.1.2 HTLC技術的沙盒實驗熱潮與現實落地的挑戰 3 1.1.3 雜湊時間鎖合約的未來 5 1.1.4 研究動機與範圍 5 1.2 研究目標與貢獻 6 1.2.1 研究目標 6 1.2.2 研究貢獻 7 第二章 文獻回顧與技術背景 8 2.1 區塊鏈跨鏈技術簡介與其演進 8 2.1.1 原子交換協議 8 2.1.2 側鏈與中繼鏈架構 9 2.1.3 ChainlinkCCIP 10 2.1.4 LayerZero 11 2.1.5 MAPProtocol 11 2.2 跨鏈技術的設計權衡分析 12 2.2.1 去中心化、安全性與效率的三重平衡 12 2.2.2 信任模型的演進與妥協 14 2.2.3 技術演進路徑與權衡策略 14 2.3 跨鏈交易實驗成功案例 15 2.4 跨鏈技術的中心化解決方案趨勢 16 2.4.1 實驗環境與生產環境的差異 16 2.4.2 現有跨鏈協議的中心化傾向 16 2.4.3 時間同步問題的中心化解決路徑 17 2.4.4 從理想到現實的技術演進 17 2.5 時間雜湊鎖算法實踐議題之文獻探討與問題發現 18 2.5.1 時間雜湊鎖機制原理與文獻分析 18 2.5.2 HTLC時間缺陷的深層次原因分析 20 2.5.3 中心化解決方案的必然性 20 2.5.4 實驗過程發現的實務問題 21 2.5.5 既有解決方案的局限性分析 22 2.5.6 問題本質的理論探討 23 2.5.7 中心化解決方案的技術邏輯 23 第三章 實驗構想與設計 25 3.1 實驗設計架構與目標 25 3.1.1 實驗核心假設與設計理念 25 3.1.2 技術架構與實作環境 26 3.2 鏈外計時器架構與功能設計 27 3.2.1 鏈外計時器的核心功能設計 27 3.2.2 鏈外計時器的技術實作 27 3.2.3 改良型HTLC智能合約設計 29 3.3 時間參數管理與前置驗證機制 31 3.3.1 跨鏈時間參數協調問題 31 3.3.2 時間參數前置驗證實作 31 3.3.3 改良型HTLC的時序流程 32 3.4 實驗結果與分析 34 3.4.1 情境一：自動化交易逾時處理 34 3.4.2 情境二：時間參數前置驗證與安全保障 35 3.4.3 實驗成果綜合分析 37 3.5 鏈外計時器的優點與研究限制 37 3.5.1 鏈外計時器的優點 37 3.5.2 研究限制 38 3.5.3 適用情境分析與假設驗證 38 3.5.4 未來研究方向 39 3.6 結論 40 第四章 情境應用測試與系統架構 41 4.1 前言 41 4.2 鏈外計時器在跨公私鏈交易中的核心價值分析 42 4.2.1 自動化資產退還機制的技術突破 42 4.2.2 跨公私鏈時間同步問題的根本性解決 42 4.2.3 金融監管環境下的精確時間管理需求 43 4.2.4 私鏈審查機制與中心化計時器的天然契合 43 4.3 測試方法論與場景設計 44 4.3.1 測試設計原則 44 4.3.2 核心測試場景規劃 44 4.4 核心功能實作與驗證邏輯 45 4.4.1 鏈外計時器核心監控機制 45 4.4.2 前置驗證機制實作 46 4.5 詳細交易流程與安全機制 47 4.5.1 標準交易流程設計 47 4.5.2 跨鏈交易流程架構圖 48 4.5.3 超時狀況處理機制 49 4.5.4 時間同步與雙重支付攻擊防護 49 4.6 測試場景執行與結果驗證 51 4.6.1 基準功能測試 51 4.6.2 超時機制安全性驗證 51 4.6.3 安全性與攻擊防護驗證 54 4.7 綜合測試結果分析 55 4.7.1 測試結果總覽 55 4.7.2 安全性評估結果 56 4.8 實際應用場景部署分析 56 4.8.1 跨公私鏈交易的時代意義與技術必要性 56 4.8.2 鏈外計時器的適用情境分析 57 4.8.3 跨鏈穩定幣交易架構設計 58 4.8.4 系統架構與交易流程設計 60 4.8.5 智能合約通用設計原則 62 4.8.6 公鏈穩定幣跨鏈交易前瞻 63 4.8.7 區塊資訊驗證與第三方驗證機制 63 4.8.8 實際落地之部署策略建議 65 4.9 鏈外計時器安全風險分析與防護策略 66 4.9.1 主要風險與威脅分析 66 4.9.2 當前系統現狀與安全缺口分析 67 4.9.3 建議的防護策略設計 67 4.9.4 應急回應與災難恢復 68 4.9.5 未來改進方向 68 4.9.6 風險接受度與實用性平衡 69 4.10 結論與貢獻 69 4.10.1 鏈外計時器技術創新的突破性意義 69 4.10.2 系統化測試研究成果總結 70 4.10.3 理論與實踐貢獻 71 4.10.4 跨公私鏈交易的未來展望 71 第五章 結論 73 5.1 研究成果總結 73 5.1.1 從沙盒實驗到去中心化實踐的技術挑戰 73 5.1.2 跨鏈技術演進中的中心化解決方案趨勢 74 5.1.3 鏈外計時器的核心技術突破 74 5.1.4 跨公私鏈交易的適用情境驗證 75 5.2 理論貢獻與學術價值 75 5.2.1 混合架構設計理念的理論創新 75 5.2.2 自動化資產保護的系統理論 76 5.2.3 跨公私鏈交易的理論框架 76 5.3 實務應用價值與產業影響 76 5.3.1 金融機構區塊鏈技術採用的信心保障 76 5.3.2 跨公私鏈交易模式的產業價值 77 5.3.3 監管科技發展的技術支撐 77 5.4 研究限制與未來發展方向 78 5.4.1 當前設計的技術限制分析 78 5.4.2 技術演進的未來方向 78 5.4.3 人工智慧與跨鏈技術的融合前景 79 5.5 對金融科技發展的展望 79 5.5.1 央行數位貨幣跨境應用的技術基礎 79 5.5.2 數位資產代幣化的技術支撐 79 5.5.3 去中心化金融生態的發展支撐 80 5.6 最終結論 80 5.6.1 核心技術突破的總結 80 5.6.2 實踐模式的產業意義 80 5.6.3 技術哲學的重要轉變 81 5.6.4 對未來研究者的啟示 81 5.6.5 對金融科技產業的建議 81 5.7 研究的社會價值與長遠影響 82 5.7.1 數位金融包容性的促進 82 5.7.2 國際金融合作的技術基礎 82 5.7.3 技術創新與社會責任的平衡 83 5.8 結語 83 參考文獻 85 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1665902 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112356023 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨鏈技術 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 時間雜湊鎖合約 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 鏈外計時器 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資產代幣化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 實體資產 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 穩定幣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區塊鏈 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) NCCU en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cross-chain Technology en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hash Timelock Contract, en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Off-chaintimers en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Asset Tokenization en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Real World Assets en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Stablecoin en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blockchain en_US dc.title (題名) 探討跨鏈時間雜湊鎖算法之逾時議題 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Investigation of the Practical Timeout Issue in Cross-Chain Hashed Time-Locked Contracts en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bank for International Settlements (2021). Central bank digital currencies for cross-border payments report to the g20. Technical report, BIS. Bank for International Settlements (2022). Project mBridge: Connecting economies through CBDC. Technical report, BIS. Binance News (2024). Critical Vulnerability Found In Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol. https://www.binance.com/en/square/post/ 2024-04-23-critical-vulnerability-found-in-inter-blockchain-communication-protocol-7171198376001. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Blockstream (2020). Liquid sounds promising, but how does it work? Accessed: 2025-05-18. Chainlink Labs (2024a). 3 key architectural decisions behind ccip’s advanced security. https://blog. chain.link/ccip-security-features/. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Chainlink Labs (2024b). Chainlink ccip architecture. https://docs.chain.link/ccip/architecture. Ac- cessed: 2025-05-18. Chervinski, J. O., Kreutz, D., Xu, X., and Yu, J. (2023). Analyzing the performance of the inter- blockchain communication protocol. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.10844. Cosmos Network (2023). Inter-blockchain communication protocol. Technical specification, Cosmos. European Central Bank and Bank of Japan (2020). Securities settlement systems: delivery-versus- payment in a distributed ledger environment. Technical report, ECB and BOJ. This report, often referring to Project Stella Phase 4, discusses confidentiality and auditability. For direct discussion on DvP and HTLC time-lock risks, the earlier Project Stella Phase 2 report from 2018 ( https: //www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/stella_project_report_march_2018.pdf ) is highly relevant. Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2022). Phase One Report Technical Appendix. Technical report, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2023). Project Cedar Phase II x Ubin+. Technical report, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Financial Action Task Force (2022). Targeted update on implementation of the FATF standards on virtual assets and virtual asset service providers. Technical report, FATF. Fries, C. P. and Kohl-Landgraf, P. (2023). A proposal for a lean and functional delivery versus payment across two blockchains. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.05966v1. Version 1, submitted on November 10, 2023. Herlihy, M. (2018). Atomic cross-chain swaps. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pages 245–254. ACM. Kotey, S. D., Tchao, E. T., Ahmed, A.-R., et al. (2023). Blockchain interoperability: The state of heterogeneous blockchain-to-blockchain communication. IET Communications, 17:891–914. LayerZero Labs, Inc. (2023). Layerzero documentation. https://docs.layerzero.network/v2#:~:text=,chain. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Lu, Y.-H., Yeh, C.-C., and Kuo, Y.-M. (2024). Exploring the critical factors affecting the adoption of blockchain: Taiwan’s banking industry. Financial Innovation, 10(23). MAP Protocol (2023). Map protocol white paper. https://www.mapprotocol.io/article?id=whitepaper. Accessed: 2025-05-18. MAS, SGX, Anquan Capital, Deloitte and Nasdaq (2020). Project ubin dvp on distributed ledger technologies. Technical report, MAS. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Self-published. Nolan, T. (n.d.). Atomic swap - bitcoin wiki. https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Atomic_swap. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Poly Network (2022). Poly Network Attack Incident Analysis. https://medium.com/coinmonks/ cross-chain-bridge-vulnerability-summary-f16b7747f364. Accessed: 2025-05-18. Zarick, R., Pellegrino, B., and Banister, C. (2023). Layerzero: Trustless inter-chain transactions. https://layerzero.network/pdf/LayerZero_Whitepaper_Release.pdf. Accessed: 2025-05-18. zh_TW
