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題名 Horizon 2020 研發補助計畫對歐盟綠色出口之影響：以 Synthetic Difference in Difference 方法分析
Policy Effects of Horizon 2020 Program on EU Green Exports: An Application of the Synthetic Difference-in-Differences Method
作者 張詠
Chang, Yung
貢獻者 李浩仲<br>李文傑
張詠
Chang, Yung
關鍵詞 Horizon 2020
綠色出口
Synthetic DID
政策評估
Horizon 2020
Green Export
Synthetic DID
Policy Evaluation
日期 2025
上傳時間 1-Sep-2025 15:46:43 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在探討歐盟Horizon 2020計畫的參與對各類不同國家的綠色出口表現之影響。首先，本文蒐集來自CORDIS資料庫的企業層級Horizon 2020專案資料，篩選出永續相關的計畫，進一步彙整為國家層級資料。而在綠色產品出口方面，本研究使用BACI資料庫中的國家層級貿易資料，再以APEC List of Environmental Goods中的HS Code作為其綠色產品的篩選依據，並進一步地將這些HS Code分類為資源管理、鍋爐機器及節能設備三方面個別進行分析。最後在歐盟國家方面，本研究以五種不同的指標將歐盟國家進行分組，以探討不同國家特性的國家對於H2020研發補助的綠色出口反應是否不同。 研究方法上，本研究採用Synthetic Difference in Difference (SDID)方法，以克服傳統差分法在政策評估時面臨的潛在偏誤，並將非歐盟國家作為潛在控制組，進而精確估計Horizon 2020參與對不同特性之歐盟國家綠色出口的影響。 實證結果顯示，雖然Horizon 2020研發補助於部分領域 (如資源管理) 展現正向效果，然而對於傳統產業或特定綠色產品，尤其在出口結構已趨成熟之國家，補助政策效益受限於產業轉型進程等多重因素，甚至可能導致負向影響。基於上述發現，建議未來政策設計應更加精準，依據不同產業分組與國家發展階段，調整補助對象及方式，強化補助資金對產業轉型與升級之引導功能，進而提升綠色產品出口之整體競爭力與成長潛力。
This study examines the impact of participation in the EU Horizon 2020 program on green export performance across countries with different characteristics. Firm-level Horizon 2020 project data were collected and sustainability-related projects were aggregated to the national level. Green products were identified using the APEC List of Environmental Goods (HS 2022) and classified into resource management, boilers and machinery, and energy-saving equipment for separate analysis. EU countries were grouped using five indicators to explore whether national characteristics affect their response to Horizon 2020 R&D subsidies. Methodologically, the study adopts the Synthetic Difference in Difference (SDID) approach to address biases in traditional policy evaluation, with non-EU countries as a control group. Results show that while Horizon 2020 R&D subsidies positively influence certain sectors such as resource management, their effects on traditional industries or mature export structures are limited by industrial transformation, and may even result in negative impacts. Accordingly, future policy should be more targeted, adjusting subsidy strategies based on industry and development stage to enhance the competitiveness and growth potential of green product exports.
參考文獻 Abadie, A., & Gardeazabal, J. (2003). The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the Basque Country. American economic review, 93(1), 113-132. Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: Estimating the effect of California’s tobacco control program. Journal of the American statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505. Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2015). Comparative politics and the synthetic control method. American Journal of Political Science, 59(2), 495-510. Amoroso, S., Audretsch, D. B., & Link, A. N. (2018). Sources of knowledge used by entrepreneurial firms in the European high-tech sector. Eurasian Business Review, 8(1), 55-70. Arkhangelsky, D., Athey, S., Hirshberg, D. A., Imbens, G. W., & Wager, S. (2021). Synthetic difference-in-differences. American Economic Review, 111(12), 4088-4118. Aw, B. Y., Roberts, M. J., & Xu, D. Y. (2011). R&D investment, exporting, and productivity dynamics. American Economic Review, 101(4), 1312-1344. Banares-Sanchez, I., Burgess, R., Laszlo, D., Simpson, P., Van Reenen, J., & Wang, Y. (2024). Chinese innovation, green industrial policy and the rise of solar energy. Working Paper. Bernard, A. B., & Jensen, J. B. (1999). Exceptional exporter performance: cause, effect, or both?. Journal of international economics, 47(1), 1-25. Branstetter, L. G., & Sakakibara, M. (2002). When do research consortia work well and why? Evidence from Japanese panel data. American Economic Review, 92(1), 143-159. Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Our common future world commission on environment and developement. Cheng, N., Zhang, W., & Xiong, T. (2025). Heterogenous impact of China's place‐based environmental regulations on its hog industry: A synthetic difference‐in‐differences approach. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 73(2), 203-223. Costantini, V., & Mazzanti, M. (2012). On the green and innovative side of trade competitiveness? The impact of environmental policies and innovation on EU exports. Research policy, 41(1), 132-153. Costantini, V., Crespi, F., & Palma, A. (2017). Characterizing the policy mix and its impact on eco-innovation: A patent analysis of energy-efficient technologies. Research policy, 46(4), 799-819. Di Cagno, D., Fabrizi, A., Meliciani, V., & Wanzenböck, I. (2016). The impact of relational spillovers from joint research projects on knowledge creation across European regions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 108, 83-94. Dosi, G., Llerena, P., & Labini, M. S. (2006). The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial exploitation: An illustration through the myths and realities of the so-called ‘European Paradox’. Research policy, 35(10), 1450-1464. Fabrizi, A., Guarini, G., & Meliciani, V. (2016). Public knowledge partnerships in European research projects and knowledge creation across R&D institutional sectors. Technology analysis & strategic management, 28(9), 1056-1072. Fabrizi, A., Guarini, G., & Meliciani, V. (2018). Green patents, regulatory policies and research network policies. Research Policy, 47(6), 1018-1031. Fabrizi, A., Guarini, G., & Meliciani, V. (2024). The impact of environmental research networks on green exports: An analysis of a sample of European countries. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 69, 143-154. Fagerberg, J. (1988). International competitiveness. The economic journal, 98(391), 355-374. Georghiou, L. (2001). Evolving frameworks for European collaboration in research and technology. Research policy, 30(6), 891-903. Krugman, P. R. (1979). Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade. Journal of international Economics, 9(4), 469-479. Melitz, M. J. (2003). The impact of trade on intra‐industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity. econometrica, 71(6), 1695-1725. Nepelski, D., & Van Roy, V. (2021). Innovation and innovator assessment in R&I ecosystems: the case of the EU Framework Programme. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 46(3), 792-827. Porter, M. E., & Linde, C. V. D. (1995). Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship. Journal of economic perspectives, 9(4), 97-118. Reillon, V. (2015). EU scientific cooperation with third countries. Ricardo, D. (2005). From the principles of political economy and taxation. In Readings in the economics of the division of labor: The classical tradition (pp. 127-130). Sachs, J. D., Schmidt-Traub, G., Mazzucato, M., Messner, D., Nakicenovic, N., & Rockström, J. (2019). Six transformations to achieve the sustainable development goals. Nature sustainability, 2(9), 805-814. Veugelers, R., & Schweiger, H. (2016). Innovation policies in transition countries: one size fits all?. Economic Change and Restructuring, 49(2), 241-267.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
112258038
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112258038
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李浩仲<br>李文傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張詠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Yungen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張詠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Yungen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2025 15:46:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2025 15:46:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2025 15:46:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112258038en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/159207-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 112258038zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在探討歐盟Horizon 2020計畫的參與對各類不同國家的綠色出口表現之影響。首先，本文蒐集來自CORDIS資料庫的企業層級Horizon 2020專案資料，篩選出永續相關的計畫，進一步彙整為國家層級資料。而在綠色產品出口方面，本研究使用BACI資料庫中的國家層級貿易資料，再以APEC List of Environmental Goods中的HS Code作為其綠色產品的篩選依據，並進一步地將這些HS Code分類為資源管理、鍋爐機器及節能設備三方面個別進行分析。最後在歐盟國家方面，本研究以五種不同的指標將歐盟國家進行分組，以探討不同國家特性的國家對於H2020研發補助的綠色出口反應是否不同。 研究方法上，本研究採用Synthetic Difference in Difference (SDID)方法，以克服傳統差分法在政策評估時面臨的潛在偏誤，並將非歐盟國家作為潛在控制組，進而精確估計Horizon 2020參與對不同特性之歐盟國家綠色出口的影響。 實證結果顯示，雖然Horizon 2020研發補助於部分領域 (如資源管理) 展現正向效果，然而對於傳統產業或特定綠色產品，尤其在出口結構已趨成熟之國家，補助政策效益受限於產業轉型進程等多重因素，甚至可能導致負向影響。基於上述發現，建議未來政策設計應更加精準，依據不同產業分組與國家發展階段，調整補助對象及方式，強化補助資金對產業轉型與升級之引導功能，進而提升綠色產品出口之整體競爭力與成長潛力。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines the impact of participation in the EU Horizon 2020 program on green export performance across countries with different characteristics. Firm-level Horizon 2020 project data were collected and sustainability-related projects were aggregated to the national level. Green products were identified using the APEC List of Environmental Goods (HS 2022) and classified into resource management, boilers and machinery, and energy-saving equipment for separate analysis. EU countries were grouped using five indicators to explore whether national characteristics affect their response to Horizon 2020 R&D subsidies. Methodologically, the study adopts the Synthetic Difference in Difference (SDID) approach to address biases in traditional policy evaluation, with non-EU countries as a control group. Results show that while Horizon 2020 R&D subsidies positively influence certain sectors such as resource management, their effects on traditional industries or mature export structures are limited by industrial transformation, and may even result in negative impacts. Accordingly, future policy should be more targeted, adjusting subsidy strategies based on industry and development stage to enhance the competitiveness and growth potential of green product exports.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 文獻回顧 5 第一節 歐盟框架計畫 5 第二節 出口貿易 7 第三節 綠色出口 8 第三章 資料處理 10 第一節 資料來源 10 第二節 綠色產品組別分類 11 第三節 歐盟國家組別分類 12 第四節 控制組國家篩選 14 第四章 研究方法 15 第一節 合成控制法 15 第二節 Difference in Difference (DID) 16 第三節 Synthetic Difference in Difference (SDID) 16 第四節 模型設定 18 第五章 實證結果 19 第一節 前段國家分組之分析結果 19 第二節 居中及末位國家分組之分析結果 21 第六章 結論 23 參考文獻 24zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1055831 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112258038en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Horizon 2020zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 綠色出口zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Synthetic DIDzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政策評估zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Horizon 2020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Green Exporten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Synthetic DIDen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Policy Evaluationen_US
dc.title (題名) Horizon 2020 研發補助計畫對歐盟綠色出口之影響：以 Synthetic Difference in Difference 方法分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Policy Effects of Horizon 2020 Program on EU Green Exports: An Application of the Synthetic Difference-in-Differences Methoden_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abadie, A., & Gardeazabal, J. (2003). The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the Basque Country. American economic review, 93(1), 113-132. Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: Estimating the effect of California’s tobacco control program. Journal of the American statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505. Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2015). Comparative politics and the synthetic control method. American Journal of Political Science, 59(2), 495-510. Amoroso, S., Audretsch, D. B., & Link, A. N. (2018). Sources of knowledge used by entrepreneurial firms in the European high-tech sector. Eurasian Business Review, 8(1), 55-70. Arkhangelsky, D., Athey, S., Hirshberg, D. A., Imbens, G. W., & Wager, S. (2021). Synthetic difference-in-differences. American Economic Review, 111(12), 4088-4118. Aw, B. Y., Roberts, M. J., & Xu, D. Y. (2011). R&D investment, exporting, and productivity dynamics. American Economic Review, 101(4), 1312-1344. Banares-Sanchez, I., Burgess, R., Laszlo, D., Simpson, P., Van Reenen, J., & Wang, Y. (2024). Chinese innovation, green industrial policy and the rise of solar energy. Working Paper. Bernard, A. B., & Jensen, J. B. (1999). Exceptional exporter performance: cause, effect, or both?. Journal of international economics, 47(1), 1-25. Branstetter, L. G., & Sakakibara, M. (2002). When do research consortia work well and why? Evidence from Japanese panel data. American Economic Review, 92(1), 143-159. Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Our common future world commission on environment and developement. Cheng, N., Zhang, W., & Xiong, T. (2025). Heterogenous impact of China's place‐based environmental regulations on its hog industry: A synthetic difference‐in‐differences approach. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 73(2), 203-223. Costantini, V., & Mazzanti, M. (2012). On the green and innovative side of trade competitiveness? The impact of environmental policies and innovation on EU exports. Research policy, 41(1), 132-153. Costantini, V., Crespi, F., & Palma, A. (2017). Characterizing the policy mix and its impact on eco-innovation: A patent analysis of energy-efficient technologies. Research policy, 46(4), 799-819. Di Cagno, D., Fabrizi, A., Meliciani, V., & Wanzenböck, I. (2016). The impact of relational spillovers from joint research projects on knowledge creation across European regions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 108, 83-94. Dosi, G., Llerena, P., & Labini, M. S. (2006). The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial exploitation: An illustration through the myths and realities of the so-called ‘European Paradox’. Research policy, 35(10), 1450-1464. Fabrizi, A., Guarini, G., & Meliciani, V. (2016). Public knowledge partnerships in European research projects and knowledge creation across R&D institutional sectors. Technology analysis & strategic management, 28(9), 1056-1072. Fabrizi, A., Guarini, G., & Meliciani, V. (2018). Green patents, regulatory policies and research network policies. Research Policy, 47(6), 1018-1031. Fabrizi, A., Guarini, G., & Meliciani, V. (2024). The impact of environmental research networks on green exports: An analysis of a sample of European countries. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 69, 143-154. Fagerberg, J. (1988). International competitiveness. The economic journal, 98(391), 355-374. Georghiou, L. (2001). Evolving frameworks for European collaboration in research and technology. Research policy, 30(6), 891-903. Krugman, P. R. (1979). Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade. Journal of international Economics, 9(4), 469-479. Melitz, M. J. (2003). The impact of trade on intra‐industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity. econometrica, 71(6), 1695-1725. Nepelski, D., & Van Roy, V. (2021). Innovation and innovator assessment in R&I ecosystems: the case of the EU Framework Programme. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 46(3), 792-827. Porter, M. E., & Linde, C. V. D. (1995). Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship. Journal of economic perspectives, 9(4), 97-118. Reillon, V. (2015). EU scientific cooperation with third countries. Ricardo, D. (2005). From the principles of political economy and taxation. In Readings in the economics of the division of labor: The classical tradition (pp. 127-130). Sachs, J. D., Schmidt-Traub, G., Mazzucato, M., Messner, D., Nakicenovic, N., & Rockström, J. (2019). Six transformations to achieve the sustainable development goals. Nature sustainability, 2(9), 805-814. Veugelers, R., & Schweiger, H. (2016). Innovation policies in transition countries: one size fits all?. Economic Change and Restructuring, 49(2), 241-267.zh_TW