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題名 跨性別者的法律抵抗困境：性別認證制度下的法意識
The Dilemma of Legal Resistance Among Transgender People: Legal Consciousness Regarding Legal Gender Recognition作者 黃鈺茗
Huang, Yu-Ming貢獻者 王曉丹
Wang, Hsiao-Tan
黃鈺茗
Huang, Yu-Ming關鍵詞 跨性別者
法意識
性別認證制度
文化圖式
關係法意識
免術換證
性別自決
Transgender
Legal Consciousness
System of Legal Gender Status
Cultural Schemas
Relational Legal Consciousness
Legal Gender Recognition
Gender Self-Determination日期 2025 上傳時間 1-Sep-2025 16:47:06 (UTC+8) 摘要 近年來臺灣的跨性別法律倡議團體針對性別認證制度，採取司法訴訟的挑戰行動，期望藉此制度內抵抗以改善其在結構中的處境。法意識研究從人際互動的實踐出發指出，行動者往往難以真正抵抗法律性結構，反而可能在無意間重現甚至鞏固霸權結構。儘管已有文獻肯定主體能動的可能，卻較少深入探討行動為何無法撼動法律性霸權的根本原因。本文透過對八位跨性別者的深度訪談，分析他們作為邊緣群體的社會實踐、其法律性霸權的建構機制、以及在嘗試改變這些實踐時所面對的結構性困境。 本文發現，跨性別者處於制度的邊緣位置，其資源、社會處境與語言框架皆受限，難以有效挑戰法律性結構。在日常生活中，他們持續面對「可見性」的挑戰，時時思索如何展現其性別認同與性別表現。儘管社會已有發展出各種法律抵抗的論述，法律性卻往往以更細緻且壓迫性的方式滲透進他們的生活經驗之中。本文的研究成果補充了關於法律性「難以抵抗」的文獻觀點，指出跨性別者的法意識是在日常社會互動與文化圖式中被鍛造的，因而在嘗試挑戰制度時，常陷入內在矛盾、語言困境與社會脈絡的重重阻力。此一發現有助於深化對法律如何形塑社會邊緣者處境的理解，並為思索跨性別者在抵抗困難之中，如何尋求新的法律實踐與行動可能，提供理論與經驗上的基礎。
In recent years, transgender advocacy groups in Taiwan have increasingly turned to judicial litigation to challenge the gender recognition regime, seeking to resist structural marginalization from within the legal system. Legal consciousness studies, grounded in everyday interactions, suggest that actors often find it difficult to resist the structural power of legality, and may even unintentionally reproduce or reinforce hegemonic structures. While existing literature has acknowledged the potential for agentic resistance, few studies have deeply examined why such resistance so often fails to disrupt legal hegemony. This study draws on in-depth interviews with eight transgender individuals to analyze their social practices as marginalized subjects, the mechanisms through which legal hegemony is constructed, and the structural constraints they face in attempting to change these practices. The findings show that transgender people, situated at the periphery of institutional frameworks and facing limitations in resources, social positioning, and discursive tools, find it exceedingly difficult to challenge the structural force of legality. In their everyday lives, they continuously confront the challenges of “visibility,” negotiating how to express their gender identity and expression. Despite the emergence of various narratives of legal resistance, legality often infiltrates their lived experiences in more subtle and coercive ways. This study contributes to the literature on the “intractability” of legality by illustrating how transgender legal consciousness is forged within daily interactions and cultural schemas. As a result, attempts to resist the system are often met with internal contradictions, discursive limitations, and layered social resistance. These insights deepen our understanding of how law shapes the lives of socially marginalized groups and provide both theoretical and empirical grounding for exploring new forms of legal practice and possibilities for action amid conditions of legal resistance.參考文獻 王曉丹（2022），法意識研究－不平等權力結構中，法律實踐的局限與能動，政大法學評論，特刊，55-96頁。 王曉丹（2023），法意識的概念地圖：從認知模板出發，經由拆解文化圖式到突破法律霸權，收於：王曉丹主編，法律有關係：法律是什麼？怎麼變？如何影響我們生活？，頁487-514，台北：左岸出版。 孫旭（2024），創傷孤島：臺灣跨性別者面臨之歧視、隱微歧視、創傷與韌性，國立臺灣大學社會工作學系學位論文。 陳薇真（2016），台灣跨性別前史：醫療、風俗誌與亞際遭遇，新北市：性別倡議站。 黃自強（2023），跨性別者變更性別登記之權利，月旦律評，18期，頁105-113。 黃俊杰（2024），性別變更之憲法議題－最高行政法院110年度上字第558號判決，月旦裁判時報，第140期，5-11頁。 司法院112年憲裁字第4號 最高行政法院110年度上字第558號判決 高雄高等行政法院109年度訴字第55號判決 內政部（97）年內授中戶字第0970066240號令 台灣人權團體。《回應CEDAW第二次國家報告國際審查總結意見與建議：2018年民間報告》（2018年）。 台灣伴侶權益推動聯盟。《CEDAW第四次審查會議影子報告（2022年）》，頁1-2（2018年） 跨性別倡議站。《台灣跨性別人士權益CEDAW公約影子報告》，頁9-10，（2014年）。 聯合國消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約委員會。針對《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》第二次國家報告之結論性意見與建議，第34點（2014年）。 聯合國消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約委員會。針對《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》第三次國家報告之結論性意見與建議，第29點第b項（2018年） No Self ID Taiwan, 女性空間的消失, (last visited Jun. 27, 2025), https://noselfidtw.cc/impact/space/. 台大法律系學會學術部講座紀錄：陳宜倩｜性別認同的權利之路-免術換證的法律改革與爭議，2024年11月8日，https://reurl.cc/46nEVj 阿塔男孩 Deven. (n.d.). 跨的旅程：跨性別的賀爾蒙治療. 社團法人台灣基地協會. https://reurl.cc/j9xd1m 地球圖輯隊：自己的性別自己定 巴基斯坦新法大突破（最後瀏覽日：Aug, 8, 2025）https://dq.yam.com/post/9272 財團法人民間司法改革基金會：聯合聲明｜強制手術違憲！要求監察院調查內政部違法失職：https://reurl.cc/vLkd5k 【新聞稿】再戰性別變更：法院判定內政部函釋違憲應採弱醫療模式，伴盟將繼續上訴爭取依社會證據換證：https://www.civilmedia.tw/archives/127574 劉文，跨性別運動的未來，也是女性主義的未來，報導者，2025年2月22日，https://www.twreporter.org/a/opinion-feminism-and-the-future-of-transgender-rights-movement（最後瀏覽日：2025年2月26日）。 張語涵，台灣首例！申請免變性手術換證勝訴 跨性別者赴戶政成功改性別，新頭殼 Newtalk（2021/11/19），網址：https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2021-11-19/669082（最後瀏覽日：2025/08/18）。 黃瑀喬，台灣首例跨性別男性免術換證 高等法院判勝訴，公視新聞網（2024/5/30），網址：https://news.pts.org.tw/article/697680（最後瀏覽日：2025/08/18） 瑪麗·扎卡羅（Maria Zaccaro），英國最高法院裁定：法律上「女性」以生理性別為準，BBC NEWS中文，2025年4月17日，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/articles/c1lm8e96mz3o/trad（最後瀏覽日：2025年8月10日）。 Butler, J. 1998. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory, Theatre Journal 40:519-531. Butler, J. 1990. 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國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
110652015資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110652015 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王曉丹 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Hsiao-Tan en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃鈺茗 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Yu-Ming en_US dc.creator (作者) 黃鈺茗 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Huang, Yu-Ming en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2025 16:47:06 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2025 16:47:06 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2025 16:47:06 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110652015 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/159375 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110652015 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來臺灣的跨性別法律倡議團體針對性別認證制度，採取司法訴訟的挑戰行動，期望藉此制度內抵抗以改善其在結構中的處境。法意識研究從人際互動的實踐出發指出，行動者往往難以真正抵抗法律性結構，反而可能在無意間重現甚至鞏固霸權結構。儘管已有文獻肯定主體能動的可能，卻較少深入探討行動為何無法撼動法律性霸權的根本原因。本文透過對八位跨性別者的深度訪談，分析他們作為邊緣群體的社會實踐、其法律性霸權的建構機制、以及在嘗試改變這些實踐時所面對的結構性困境。 本文發現，跨性別者處於制度的邊緣位置，其資源、社會處境與語言框架皆受限，難以有效挑戰法律性結構。在日常生活中，他們持續面對「可見性」的挑戰，時時思索如何展現其性別認同與性別表現。儘管社會已有發展出各種法律抵抗的論述，法律性卻往往以更細緻且壓迫性的方式滲透進他們的生活經驗之中。本文的研究成果補充了關於法律性「難以抵抗」的文獻觀點，指出跨性別者的法意識是在日常社會互動與文化圖式中被鍛造的，因而在嘗試挑戰制度時，常陷入內在矛盾、語言困境與社會脈絡的重重阻力。此一發現有助於深化對法律如何形塑社會邊緣者處境的理解，並為思索跨性別者在抵抗困難之中，如何尋求新的法律實踐與行動可能，提供理論與經驗上的基礎。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent years, transgender advocacy groups in Taiwan have increasingly turned to judicial litigation to challenge the gender recognition regime, seeking to resist structural marginalization from within the legal system. Legal consciousness studies, grounded in everyday interactions, suggest that actors often find it difficult to resist the structural power of legality, and may even unintentionally reproduce or reinforce hegemonic structures. While existing literature has acknowledged the potential for agentic resistance, few studies have deeply examined why such resistance so often fails to disrupt legal hegemony. This study draws on in-depth interviews with eight transgender individuals to analyze their social practices as marginalized subjects, the mechanisms through which legal hegemony is constructed, and the structural constraints they face in attempting to change these practices. The findings show that transgender people, situated at the periphery of institutional frameworks and facing limitations in resources, social positioning, and discursive tools, find it exceedingly difficult to challenge the structural force of legality. In their everyday lives, they continuously confront the challenges of “visibility,” negotiating how to express their gender identity and expression. Despite the emergence of various narratives of legal resistance, legality often infiltrates their lived experiences in more subtle and coercive ways. This study contributes to the literature on the “intractability” of legality by illustrating how transgender legal consciousness is forged within daily interactions and cultural schemas. As a result, attempts to resist the system are often met with internal contradictions, discursive limitations, and layered social resistance. These insights deepen our understanding of how law shapes the lives of socially marginalized groups and provide both theoretical and empirical grounding for exploring new forms of legal practice and possibilities for action amid conditions of legal resistance. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 3 第一章：緒論 8 第一節：臺灣性別肯認制度之現況與挑戰 8 第二節：研究問題與問題意識 11 第三節：研究方法與限制 15 第一項：質性訪談與樣本概況 15 第二項：訪談設計與倫理考量 17 第三項：研究限制與反思 18 第二章：文獻回顧 19 第一節：邊緣群體的文化圖式參與和抵抗 20 第一項 性（sex）與性別（gender）意義的理論爬梳 20 第二項 邊緣群體的抵抗法意識 25 第二節：關係法意識 28 第三章 性別變更制度的爭議與法學討論 34 第一節：跨性別者性別認證制度的人權論述（CEDAW） 34 第二節：外國法制發展與文化衝突 36 第三節：性別自主與憲法基本權保障 39 第四節 法定性別制度的反思 40 第四章 跨性別者的壓迫法律性及其生存策略 43 第一節：文化圖式與污名的交錯 45 第一項：日常生活與體制互動經驗 47 第二項：社群內外的「性別正典化」 51 第二節：社會關係中誕生的法律性結構 55 第一項：面對無說服力醫療評估機制的策略 56 第二項：對免術換證策略的猶豫 61 第三節：抵抗法律性的社會實踐 71 第一項：抵抗生理／心理本質邏輯與病理化論述 71 第二項：對免術換證法律改革的反思 77 第三項：從歧視經驗到群體能動性 80 第五章 跨性別者對法律性與制度改革的矛盾與疏離 87 第一節 跨性別者法意識的多重樣貌與制度困境 87 第二節 多元與差異的法律保護困境：文獻的對話與再延伸 90 第六章 結論：法律保護的困境，分散與邊緣的跨性別者 93 參考文獻 96 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1791803 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110652015 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨性別者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 法意識 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別認證制度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化圖式 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 關係法意識 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 免術換證 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別自決 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Transgender en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Legal Consciousness en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) System of Legal Gender Status en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cultural Schemas en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Relational Legal Consciousness en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Legal Gender Recognition en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gender Self-Determination en_US dc.title (題名) 跨性別者的法律抵抗困境：性別認證制度下的法意識 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Dilemma of Legal Resistance Among Transgender People: Legal Consciousness Regarding Legal Gender Recognition en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王曉丹（2022），法意識研究－不平等權力結構中，法律實踐的局限與能動，政大法學評論，特刊，55-96頁。 王曉丹（2023），法意識的概念地圖：從認知模板出發，經由拆解文化圖式到突破法律霸權，收於：王曉丹主編，法律有關係：法律是什麼？怎麼變？如何影響我們生活？，頁487-514，台北：左岸出版。 孫旭（2024），創傷孤島：臺灣跨性別者面臨之歧視、隱微歧視、創傷與韌性，國立臺灣大學社會工作學系學位論文。 陳薇真（2016），台灣跨性別前史：醫療、風俗誌與亞際遭遇，新北市：性別倡議站。 黃自強（2023），跨性別者變更性別登記之權利，月旦律評，18期，頁105-113。 黃俊杰（2024），性別變更之憲法議題－最高行政法院110年度上字第558號判決，月旦裁判時報，第140期，5-11頁。 司法院112年憲裁字第4號 最高行政法院110年度上字第558號判決 高雄高等行政法院109年度訴字第55號判決 內政部（97）年內授中戶字第0970066240號令 台灣人權團體。《回應CEDAW第二次國家報告國際審查總結意見與建議：2018年民間報告》（2018年）。 台灣伴侶權益推動聯盟。《CEDAW第四次審查會議影子報告（2022年）》，頁1-2（2018年） 跨性別倡議站。《台灣跨性別人士權益CEDAW公約影子報告》，頁9-10，（2014年）。 聯合國消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約委員會。針對《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》第二次國家報告之結論性意見與建議，第34點（2014年）。 聯合國消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約委員會。針對《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》第三次國家報告之結論性意見與建議，第29點第b項（2018年） No Self ID Taiwan, 女性空間的消失, (last visited Jun. 27, 2025), https://noselfidtw.cc/impact/space/. 台大法律系學會學術部講座紀錄：陳宜倩｜性別認同的權利之路-免術換證的法律改革與爭議，2024年11月8日，https://reurl.cc/46nEVj 阿塔男孩 Deven. 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