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題名 從標準必要專利權人之策略看各國政府應對
Discourse on Multiple Nations' Governments Based on the Strategies of Standard Essential Patent(SEP)Holders作者 林沛瑩 貢獻者 宋皇志
Sung, Huang-Chih
林沛瑩關鍵詞 標準必要專利
揭露義務
FRAND授權義務
Standard-Essential Patents
Disclosure Obligations
FRAND licensing obligations日期 2025 上傳時間 3-Nov-2025 14:26:27 (UTC+8) 摘要 物聯網的快速發展使標準必要專利的影響從傳統資通訊(ICT)領域擴展到車聯網、智慧製造、智慧家庭等多元產業。然而,這也帶來諸多問題,包括供應鏈中的權利金承擔、FRAND原則解釋與執行不明確、資訊揭露不足及談判程序不明等。這些問題不僅影響權利人與實施人之間的交易,也對各國中小企業及新興產業的競爭力與經濟安全造成不利影響。對台灣而言,作為全球ICT價值鏈的重要零組件供應者及OEM製造基地,過去曾面臨權利人濫用獨占地位、違反FRAND承諾等問題,在物聯網產業蓬勃發展下,這些挑戰將日益嚴峻。 本研究旨在探討標準必要專利爭議在標準制定組織之揭露義務與FRAND授權義務下是否有發揮作用,抑或使問題加劇。而為避免國家產業經濟受影響,政府是否該直接介入監管或從旁協助。 透過比較各國政府在應對標準必要專利挑戰時的政策,可以觀察出「硬法監管」與「軟法協助」兩種主要模式。共同方向是提升資訊透明度與可預測性、建立中立第三方必要性審查機制、協助判斷FRAND原則,以利促進早期紛爭解決以降低交易成本。 而針對台灣產業,特別是代工廠與中小企業在標準必要專利授權談判中面臨的弱勢地位,本研究建議採取以「軟法」為核心的協助策略,在鼓勵創新與維護產業競爭力之間取得平衡,透過軟性政策協助企業應對日益複雜的全球標準必要專利競爭環境。
The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded the influence of standard-essential patents (SEPs) from the traditional information and communication technology (ICT) to diverse industries such as Internet of Vehicles, Smart Manufacturing, and Smart Homes. However, this expansion also brings many challenges, including royalty of supply chains, unclear interpretation and enforcement of the FRAND (Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory) licensing, insufficient information disclosure and negotiation procedures. These issues not only affect transactions between patent holders and implementers but also adversely impact the competitiveness and economic security of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and emerging industries worldwide. For Taiwan, as a key supplier of critical components and an OEM manufacturing base in the global ICT value chain, problems such as patentees’ abuse of monopoly power and breaches of FRAND licensing have occurred in the past. With the booming IoT industry, these challenges are set to intensify. This study aims to explore whether SEP disputes have been effectively addressed under the disclosure obligations of standards development organizations and the FRAND licensing obligations, or whether these issues have deteriorated. To prevent adverse effects on the national industrial economy, it also considers whether the government should intervene directly with regulation or provide auxiliary support. By comparing government policies across countries in response to SEP challenges, two main approaches emerge: “hard law regulation” and “soft law assistance.” Both share the goals of enhancing information transparency and predictability, establishing neutral third-party essentiality review mechanisms, and aiding the interpretation of FRAND principles, thereby promoting early dispute resolution and reducing transaction costs. Regarding Taiwan’s industry, especially the disadvantaged positions faced by contract manufacturers and SMEs in SEP licensing negotiations, this study recommends adopting a “soft law”-centered assistance strategy. This approach seeks to balance encouraging innovation and maintaining industry competitiveness by using flexible policies to help enterprises navigate the increasingly complex global SEP competitive environment.參考文獻 一、中文文獻 (一)專書論著 1.經濟部智慧財產局,通訊標準專利訴訟教戰手冊(台北市:經濟部智慧財產局,2015)。 2.汽車標準必要專利研究報告(2023),中國汽車工程學會知識產權分會、北京大學國際知識産權研究中心、中國汽車知識產權運用促進中心組織編寫,知識產催出版社,2023年12月。 (二)期刊論文 1.韓佳盈,近年汽車產業「標準必要專利」授權觀點之整理—以歐盟、中國大陸為例,科技法律透析,第 36 卷第 3 期,頁23-30,2024年9月。 2.劉孔中,從沒有準備處理、不能處理到不願處理標準必要專利FRAND授權問題,月旦法學雜誌,第 296 期,頁173-188,2020 年 1 月。 3.吳采薇,標準必要專利之授權與爭端解決新近發展-以物聯網通訊技術為核心,科技法律透析,第 34 卷第 10 期,頁19-25 ,2022 年10 月。 4.楊宏暉,標準關鍵專利之濫用與限制競爭,公平交易季刊,第 23 卷第 4 期,頁35-86,2015年 10 月。 5.楊宏暉,基於競爭考量之強制授權--兼談競爭法與專利法之競合,公平交易季刊,第 25 卷第 1 期,頁 1-36,2017年 2 月。 6.楊宏暉,論FRAND授權聲明之意義與性質,月旦民商法雜誌,第50期,頁 67-86,2015年12月。 7.沈宗倫,標準必要專利之法定授權與專利權濫用-以誠實信用原則為中心,政大法學評論,第 149 期,頁1-83,2017年6月。 8.趙慶泠,從歐盟法院華為v.中興案判決談歐盟SEP禁制令與競爭法的FRAND抗辯,專利師,第27期,頁97-116,2016 年 10 月。 9.陳健民,專利集管終端產品授權爭議之研究—以Avanci為中心,專利師,第 57 期,頁1-29,2024年4月。 (三)各國政府資料 1.技術創新與競爭議題之探討,公平交易委員會,109 年委託研究報告,109 年 12 月,https://www.ftc.gov.tw/upload/5b6e95ed-df43-428d-a2a5-644d3859e952.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 2.魏銘佑,近年我國ICT產業發展分析,經濟部,2024年12月13日,https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/001/Upload/463/relfile/10315/2449/1-1.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 3.國家發展委員會,「我國傳統產業及中小企業發展困境探討、因應對策及相關振興方案」書面報告,立法院第 11 屆第 2 會期經濟委員會第 10 次全體委員會議,2024 年 11 月,https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/SittingAttachment/download/2024110140/01291152195601445002.pdf 4.經濟部智慧財產局,「主要標準發展組織智慧財產權政策分析」專案報告,2024年10月。 5.「近期標準必要專利爭議訴訟案例研析」專案報告,經濟部智慧財產局,2024年10月, https://www.tipo.gov.tw/wSite/public/Attachment/0/f1744687974826.pdf 6.中共中央國務院印發《國家標準化發展綱要》,中國政府網,2021年10月10日,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2021/content_5647347.htm 7.國務院關於印發“十四五”國家智慧財產權保護運用規劃的通知,中國政府網,2021年10月28日,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-10/28/content_5647274.htm 8.市場監理總局關於印發《標準必要專利反壟斷指引》的通知,中國政府網,2024年11月04日,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6985623.htm 9.北京發布《標準必要專利許可操作指南》,中國國家智慧財產局,2024年4月25日,https://www.cnipa.gov.cn/art/2024/4/29/art_57_192089.html 10.《標準必要專利授權操作指南》,中國國家智慧財產局,頁6-13,2024年4月25日。 11.市場監理總局關於印發《標準必要專利反壟斷指引》的通知,中國政府網,2024年11月04日,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6985623.htm 12.關於《標準必要專利反壟斷指引》的解讀,中國政府網,2024年11月08日,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202411/content_6985614.htm 13.標準必要專利服務平台,經濟部智慧財產局,https://www.tipo.gov.tw/tw/patents/1021.html (四)碩士學位論文 1.胡君弘,全球標準必要專利禁訴令之研究,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所碩士學位論文,頁1-266,2023 年 6 月。 2.陳俐妤,標準必要專利權利金爭議之探討,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所碩士學位論文,頁1-174,2014 年 8 月。 3.林欣儀,資通訊產業標準必要專利FRAND授權義務相關法律問題之研討,國立清華大學科技法律研究所碩士學位論文,頁1-131,2017 年 6 月。 4.陳又君,企業宣告標準必要專利之策略研究,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所碩士學位論文,頁 1-77, 2021 年 9 月。 (五)網路資料 1.楊智傑,美國與中國法院搶奪標準必要專利 FRAND 話語權,北美智權報第 278 期,2021年 2 月,https://naipnews.naipo.com/21703(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 2.陳春山,競爭法與高科技產業下的專利權濫用,公平交易委員會電子報,第57期,頁1-4,2015 年,https://www.ftc.gov.tw/upload/1050817-1.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 3.亞洲·矽谷計畫執行中心,推動物聯網產業發展,國家發展委員會,https://www.asvda.org/Page?itemid=43&mid=1013(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 4.歐盟標準必要專利SEP立法提案簡介,中華民國外交部駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處,2024 年 4 月 17 日,https://www.taiwanembassy.org/uploads/sites/124/2024/12/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%88%E5%88%A9SEP%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%8F%90%E6%A1%88%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 4 月 9 日)。 5.標準必要專利發展報告(2024年),中國標準化研究院,頁36,2024年9月27日,https://www.cnis.ac.cn/bydt/zhxw/202409/t20240927_58835.html 6.標準必要專利認定方法,中國知識產權研究會&中國標準化協會,2023年11月27日,https://www.ciplawyer.cn/images/www/202401/151018439tow.pdf 7.錢曉強、楊壹凱&王孝碩,《標準必要專利反壟斷指引》正式出台 為SEP授權合作中的反壟斷合規提供系統性監管框架,海問律師事務所,2024年11月15日,http://www.haiwen-law.com/35/15661(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 4 月 9 日)。 8.高士閔, AI律師破解上萬專利 台廠少賠九成授權金,商業周刊,第1940期,2025年 1 月16日,https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/Archive/Article?StrId=7011677&rf=google(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 9 月 15 日) 二、英文文獻 (一)期刊論文 1. 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Rodriguez & Nessa Khandaker, New SEP Resource Hub – UK Unleashes Its Innovative Potential, Finnegan (Nov.4, 2024), https://www.finnegan.com/en/insights/articles/new-sep-resource-hub-uk-unleashes-its-innovative-potential.html 10. Olivia Sophie Rafferty, UK government proposes SEP measures such as rate-setting procedure, seeks input, ip fray (Jul. 15, 2025), https://ipfray.com/uk-government-proposes-sep-measures-such-as-rate-setting-procedure-seeks-input/ 11. Fair Standards Alliance, Bring Back SEP Regulation – a Lifeline for Industry in Europe, The Parliament (Feb. 17, 2025), https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/partner/article/without-the-sep-regulation-europes-innovative-industry-will-lose-ground 12. Alpha Grid, EU plan for connectivity patents could backfire, FINANCIAL TIMES (Nov. 28, 2023), https://www.ft.com/video/99b29d16-7ca9-4ad9-a7ba-ebed59ffcccc 13. 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Examples of Hold-out Strategies,IP Europe (Sep. 2, 2021), https://ipeurope.org/blog/examples-of-hold-out-strategies/ 三、日文文獻 (一)專書論著 1.稻葉馨,標準必須特許のライセンスをめぐる近時の諸問題-欧州の議論を中心に-,收於:土田和博、山部俊文、泉水文雄、川濵昇、河谷清文編,現代経済法の課題と理論(2022 年)。 (二)期刊論文 1.松村光章,標準必須特許ライセンス交渉におけるホールドアウト実情を踏まえた交渉促進規範,知財ぷりずむ:知的財産情報,17巻199号,(2019年) 2.船越亮,SEPを巡る各国政府等の政策動向,日本知財学会誌,17巻3号,頁52-53 (2021年) (三)司法判決 1.知財高裁 2014 年(平成 26 年)5 月 16 日判決‧平成 25 年(ネ)第 10043 號。 (四)各國政府資料 1.標準必須特許のライセンス交渉に関する手引き,日本特許庁,2018年6月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/laws/rule/guideline/patent/seps-tebiki.html 2.標準必須特許のライセンス交渉に関する手引き第2版,日本特許庁,2022年6月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/laws/rule/guideline/patent/document/rev-seps-tebiki/guide-seps-ja.pdf 3.標準必須特許ポータルサイト,日本特許庁,https://www.jpo.go.jp/support/general/sep_portal/index.html 4.第四次産業革命等への対応のための知的財産制度の見直しについて,産業構造審議会知的財産分科会特許制度小委員会,2017年,https://www.jpo.go.jp/shiryou/toushin/t oushintou/180215_tokkyo_houkoku.htm 5.標準必須性に係る判断のための判定の利用の手引き(改訂版),日本特許庁審判部,2019年6月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/trial_appeal/shubetu-hantei/document/index/01.pdf 6.判定制度,日本特許庁,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/trial_appeal/shubetu-hantei/。 7.判定制度リーフレット,日本特許庁審判部,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/trial_appeal/shubetu-hantei/document/index/hantei_leaflet.pdf 8.標準必須特許のライセンス交渉に関する手引き第2版,日本特許庁,2022年6月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/laws/rule/guideline/patent/document/rev-seps-tebiki/guide-seps-ja.pdf 9.標準必須特許のライセンスを巡る取引環境の在り方に関する研究会,経済産業省,https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/economy/patent_license/index.html 10.標準必須特許のライセンスに関する誠実交渉指針,日本経済産業省,https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/economy/chizai/sep_license/good-faith-negotiation-guidelines-for-SEPlicenses-ja.pdf 11.標準必須特許のライセンスを巡る取引環境の在り方に関する研究会(第6回会合)議事次第,日本経済産業省,2021年12月15日,https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/economy/patent_license/pdf/006_01_00.pdf (五)網路資料 1.澀谷高弘,華為專利攻勢帶給日本企業的三大考驗,日本經濟新聞社,2023年6月28日,https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/columnviewpoint/column/52767-2023-06-28-05-00-37.html 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
112364213資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112364213 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 宋皇志 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Sung, Huang-Chih en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林沛瑩 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 林沛瑩 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Nov-2025 14:26:27 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Nov-2025 14:26:27 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Nov-2025 14:26:27 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0112364213 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/160062 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 科技管理與智慧財產研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 112364213 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 物聯網的快速發展使標準必要專利的影響從傳統資通訊(ICT)領域擴展到車聯網、智慧製造、智慧家庭等多元產業。然而,這也帶來諸多問題,包括供應鏈中的權利金承擔、FRAND原則解釋與執行不明確、資訊揭露不足及談判程序不明等。這些問題不僅影響權利人與實施人之間的交易,也對各國中小企業及新興產業的競爭力與經濟安全造成不利影響。對台灣而言,作為全球ICT價值鏈的重要零組件供應者及OEM製造基地,過去曾面臨權利人濫用獨占地位、違反FRAND承諾等問題,在物聯網產業蓬勃發展下,這些挑戰將日益嚴峻。 本研究旨在探討標準必要專利爭議在標準制定組織之揭露義務與FRAND授權義務下是否有發揮作用,抑或使問題加劇。而為避免國家產業經濟受影響,政府是否該直接介入監管或從旁協助。 透過比較各國政府在應對標準必要專利挑戰時的政策,可以觀察出「硬法監管」與「軟法協助」兩種主要模式。共同方向是提升資訊透明度與可預測性、建立中立第三方必要性審查機制、協助判斷FRAND原則,以利促進早期紛爭解決以降低交易成本。 而針對台灣產業,特別是代工廠與中小企業在標準必要專利授權談判中面臨的弱勢地位,本研究建議採取以「軟法」為核心的協助策略,在鼓勵創新與維護產業競爭力之間取得平衡,透過軟性政策協助企業應對日益複雜的全球標準必要專利競爭環境。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded the influence of standard-essential patents (SEPs) from the traditional information and communication technology (ICT) to diverse industries such as Internet of Vehicles, Smart Manufacturing, and Smart Homes. However, this expansion also brings many challenges, including royalty of supply chains, unclear interpretation and enforcement of the FRAND (Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory) licensing, insufficient information disclosure and negotiation procedures. These issues not only affect transactions between patent holders and implementers but also adversely impact the competitiveness and economic security of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and emerging industries worldwide. For Taiwan, as a key supplier of critical components and an OEM manufacturing base in the global ICT value chain, problems such as patentees’ abuse of monopoly power and breaches of FRAND licensing have occurred in the past. With the booming IoT industry, these challenges are set to intensify. This study aims to explore whether SEP disputes have been effectively addressed under the disclosure obligations of standards development organizations and the FRAND licensing obligations, or whether these issues have deteriorated. To prevent adverse effects on the national industrial economy, it also considers whether the government should intervene directly with regulation or provide auxiliary support. By comparing government policies across countries in response to SEP challenges, two main approaches emerge: “hard law regulation” and “soft law assistance.” Both share the goals of enhancing information transparency and predictability, establishing neutral third-party essentiality review mechanisms, and aiding the interpretation of FRAND principles, thereby promoting early dispute resolution and reducing transaction costs. Regarding Taiwan’s industry, especially the disadvantaged positions faced by contract manufacturers and SMEs in SEP licensing negotiations, this study recommends adopting a “soft law”-centered assistance strategy. This approach seeks to balance encouraging innovation and maintaining industry competitiveness by using flexible policies to help enterprises navigate the increasingly complex global SEP competitive environment. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機及目的 2 第二節 研究問題與方法 4 第一項 研究問題 4 第二項 研究方法 5 第三節 研究範圍與限制 7 第一項 研究範圍 7 第二項 研究限制 7 第二章 事前標準規則制定對標準必要專利困境影響 8 第一節 標準必要專利問題與標準規則制定之關聯 9 第二節 標準必要專利組織之智慧財產政策 12 第三節 標準制定組織制定智慧財產政策之影響 17 第一項 標準必要專利權人的策略與困境 20 第二項 標準必要專利實施人的困境與策略 21 第三項 整體觀察 24 第三章 各國政策方向 26 第一節 模式一:硬法監管 27 第一項 歐盟 27 第二項 中國 34 第二節 模式二:軟法協助 38 第一項 日本 38 第二項 英國 42 第三節 綜合比較 46 第一項 共同方向 46 第一款 提升資訊透明度與可預測性 46 第二款 建立中立第三方之標準必要性審查機制 47 第三款 協助權利人與實施人判斷授權談判雙方行為符合FRAND原則 47 第四款 促進早期解決爭議與降低交易成本 48 第一項 差異性 50 第一款 拘束力 50 第二款 立場 51 第三款 政策反應與困境 53 第四章 政策對標準必要專利市場的影響及對台灣的啟發 60 第一節 研究設計 60 第二節 研究對象 60 第三節 訪談實施設計 62 第四節 訪談資料分析 65 第一項 過度宣告標準必要專利的具體影響 65 第二項 標準必要組織的智財政策效力 66 第三項 權利人與實施人對當前各國政策的看法 67 第四項 台灣企業現況問題 69 第一款 代工廠 69 第二款 一般中小企業 71 第五項 我國政府是否應介入提供協助 73 第五章 研究結果與討論 76 第一節 物聯網時代下標準必要專利授權之實務挑戰 76 第一項 授權主體擴大與資訊不對稱加劇 76 第二項 揭露義務的形式審查困境 76 第三項 FRAND 原則的約束力與實施人的困境 77 第二節 各國政策介入之實證評估與台灣產業啟示 78 第一項 政府介入的必要性與市場自主性的權衡 78 第一款 資訊揭露 78 第二款 必要性判斷 79 第三款 FRAND 談判指南 80 第二項 「硬法」與「軟法」模式的實際效應與挑戰 80 第三項 我國政府未來方向 81 第六章 研究結論與建議 83 參考文獻 85 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1469648 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112364213 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 標準必要專利 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 揭露義務 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) FRAND授權義務 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Standard-Essential Patents en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Disclosure Obligations en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) FRAND licensing obligations en_US dc.title (題名) 從標準必要專利權人之策略看各國政府應對 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Discourse on Multiple Nations' Governments Based on the Strategies of Standard Essential Patent(SEP)Holders en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻 (一)專書論著 1.經濟部智慧財產局,通訊標準專利訴訟教戰手冊(台北市:經濟部智慧財產局,2015)。 2.汽車標準必要專利研究報告(2023),中國汽車工程學會知識產權分會、北京大學國際知識産權研究中心、中國汽車知識產權運用促進中心組織編寫,知識產催出版社,2023年12月。 (二)期刊論文 1.韓佳盈,近年汽車產業「標準必要專利」授權觀點之整理—以歐盟、中國大陸為例,科技法律透析,第 36 卷第 3 期,頁23-30,2024年9月。 2.劉孔中,從沒有準備處理、不能處理到不願處理標準必要專利FRAND授權問題,月旦法學雜誌,第 296 期,頁173-188,2020 年 1 月。 3.吳采薇,標準必要專利之授權與爭端解決新近發展-以物聯網通訊技術為核心,科技法律透析,第 34 卷第 10 期,頁19-25 ,2022 年10 月。 4.楊宏暉,標準關鍵專利之濫用與限制競爭,公平交易季刊,第 23 卷第 4 期,頁35-86,2015年 10 月。 5.楊宏暉,基於競爭考量之強制授權--兼談競爭法與專利法之競合,公平交易季刊,第 25 卷第 1 期,頁 1-36,2017年 2 月。 6.楊宏暉,論FRAND授權聲明之意義與性質,月旦民商法雜誌,第50期,頁 67-86,2015年12月。 7.沈宗倫,標準必要專利之法定授權與專利權濫用-以誠實信用原則為中心,政大法學評論,第 149 期,頁1-83,2017年6月。 8.趙慶泠,從歐盟法院華為v.中興案判決談歐盟SEP禁制令與競爭法的FRAND抗辯,專利師,第27期,頁97-116,2016 年 10 月。 9.陳健民,專利集管終端產品授權爭議之研究—以Avanci為中心,專利師,第 57 期,頁1-29,2024年4月。 (三)各國政府資料 1.技術創新與競爭議題之探討,公平交易委員會,109 年委託研究報告,109 年 12 月,https://www.ftc.gov.tw/upload/5b6e95ed-df43-428d-a2a5-644d3859e952.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 2.魏銘佑,近年我國ICT產業發展分析,經濟部,2024年12月13日,https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/001/Upload/463/relfile/10315/2449/1-1.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 3.國家發展委員會,「我國傳統產業及中小企業發展困境探討、因應對策及相關振興方案」書面報告,立法院第 11 屆第 2 會期經濟委員會第 10 次全體委員會議,2024 年 11 月,https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/SittingAttachment/download/2024110140/01291152195601445002.pdf 4.經濟部智慧財產局,「主要標準發展組織智慧財產權政策分析」專案報告,2024年10月。 5.「近期標準必要專利爭議訴訟案例研析」專案報告,經濟部智慧財產局,2024年10月, https://www.tipo.gov.tw/wSite/public/Attachment/0/f1744687974826.pdf 6.中共中央國務院印發《國家標準化發展綱要》,中國政府網,2021年10月10日,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2021/content_5647347.htm 7.國務院關於印發“十四五”國家智慧財產權保護運用規劃的通知,中國政府網,2021年10月28日,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-10/28/content_5647274.htm 8.市場監理總局關於印發《標準必要專利反壟斷指引》的通知,中國政府網,2024年11月04日,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6985623.htm 9.北京發布《標準必要專利許可操作指南》,中國國家智慧財產局,2024年4月25日,https://www.cnipa.gov.cn/art/2024/4/29/art_57_192089.html 10.《標準必要專利授權操作指南》,中國國家智慧財產局,頁6-13,2024年4月25日。 11.市場監理總局關於印發《標準必要專利反壟斷指引》的通知,中國政府網,2024年11月04日,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6985623.htm 12.關於《標準必要專利反壟斷指引》的解讀,中國政府網,2024年11月08日,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202411/content_6985614.htm 13.標準必要專利服務平台,經濟部智慧財產局,https://www.tipo.gov.tw/tw/patents/1021.html (四)碩士學位論文 1.胡君弘,全球標準必要專利禁訴令之研究,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所碩士學位論文,頁1-266,2023 年 6 月。 2.陳俐妤,標準必要專利權利金爭議之探討,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所碩士學位論文,頁1-174,2014 年 8 月。 3.林欣儀,資通訊產業標準必要專利FRAND授權義務相關法律問題之研討,國立清華大學科技法律研究所碩士學位論文,頁1-131,2017 年 6 月。 4.陳又君,企業宣告標準必要專利之策略研究,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所碩士學位論文,頁 1-77, 2021 年 9 月。 (五)網路資料 1.楊智傑,美國與中國法院搶奪標準必要專利 FRAND 話語權,北美智權報第 278 期,2021年 2 月,https://naipnews.naipo.com/21703(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 2.陳春山,競爭法與高科技產業下的專利權濫用,公平交易委員會電子報,第57期,頁1-4,2015 年,https://www.ftc.gov.tw/upload/1050817-1.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 3.亞洲·矽谷計畫執行中心,推動物聯網產業發展,國家發展委員會,https://www.asvda.org/Page?itemid=43&mid=1013(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 8 月 16 日) 4.歐盟標準必要專利SEP立法提案簡介,中華民國外交部駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處,2024 年 4 月 17 日,https://www.taiwanembassy.org/uploads/sites/124/2024/12/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%88%E5%88%A9SEP%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%8F%90%E6%A1%88%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 4 月 9 日)。 5.標準必要專利發展報告(2024年),中國標準化研究院,頁36,2024年9月27日,https://www.cnis.ac.cn/bydt/zhxw/202409/t20240927_58835.html 6.標準必要專利認定方法,中國知識產權研究會&中國標準化協會,2023年11月27日,https://www.ciplawyer.cn/images/www/202401/151018439tow.pdf 7.錢曉強、楊壹凱&王孝碩,《標準必要專利反壟斷指引》正式出台 為SEP授權合作中的反壟斷合規提供系統性監管框架,海問律師事務所,2024年11月15日,http://www.haiwen-law.com/35/15661(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 4 月 9 日)。 8.高士閔, AI律師破解上萬專利 台廠少賠九成授權金,商業周刊,第1940期,2025年 1 月16日,https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/Archive/Article?StrId=7011677&rf=google(最後瀏覽日:2025 年 9 月 15 日) 二、英文文獻 (一)期刊論文 1. 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Examples of Hold-out Strategies,IP Europe (Sep. 2, 2021), https://ipeurope.org/blog/examples-of-hold-out-strategies/ 三、日文文獻 (一)專書論著 1.稻葉馨,標準必須特許のライセンスをめぐる近時の諸問題-欧州の議論を中心に-,收於:土田和博、山部俊文、泉水文雄、川濵昇、河谷清文編,現代経済法の課題と理論(2022 年)。 (二)期刊論文 1.松村光章,標準必須特許ライセンス交渉におけるホールドアウト実情を踏まえた交渉促進規範,知財ぷりずむ:知的財産情報,17巻199号,(2019年) 2.船越亮,SEPを巡る各国政府等の政策動向,日本知財学会誌,17巻3号,頁52-53 (2021年) (三)司法判決 1.知財高裁 2014 年(平成 26 年)5 月 16 日判決‧平成 25 年(ネ)第 10043 號。 (四)各國政府資料 1.標準必須特許のライセンス交渉に関する手引き,日本特許庁,2018年6月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/laws/rule/guideline/patent/seps-tebiki.html 2.標準必須特許のライセンス交渉に関する手引き第2版,日本特許庁,2022年6月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/laws/rule/guideline/patent/document/rev-seps-tebiki/guide-seps-ja.pdf 3.標準必須特許ポータルサイト,日本特許庁,https://www.jpo.go.jp/support/general/sep_portal/index.html 4.第四次産業革命等への対応のための知的財産制度の見直しについて,産業構造審議会知的財産分科会特許制度小委員会,2017年,https://www.jpo.go.jp/shiryou/toushin/t oushintou/180215_tokkyo_houkoku.htm 5.標準必須性に係る判断のための判定の利用の手引き(改訂版),日本特許庁審判部,2019年6月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/trial_appeal/shubetu-hantei/document/index/01.pdf 6.判定制度,日本特許庁,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/trial_appeal/shubetu-hantei/。 7.判定制度リーフレット,日本特許庁審判部,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/trial_appeal/shubetu-hantei/document/index/hantei_leaflet.pdf 8.標準必須特許のライセンス交渉に関する手引き第2版,日本特許庁,2022年6月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/laws/rule/guideline/patent/document/rev-seps-tebiki/guide-seps-ja.pdf 9.標準必須特許のライセンスを巡る取引環境の在り方に関する研究会,経済産業省,https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/economy/patent_license/index.html 10.標準必須特許のライセンスに関する誠実交渉指針,日本経済産業省,https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/economy/chizai/sep_license/good-faith-negotiation-guidelines-for-SEPlicenses-ja.pdf 11.標準必須特許のライセンスを巡る取引環境の在り方に関する研究会(第6回会合)議事次第,日本経済産業省,2021年12月15日,https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/economy/patent_license/pdf/006_01_00.pdf (五)網路資料 1.澀谷高弘,華為專利攻勢帶給日本企業的三大考驗,日本經濟新聞社,2023年6月28日,https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/columnviewpoint/column/52767-2023-06-28-05-00-37.html zh_TW
