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題名 協助社交內向者之活動參與解決方案 : 以應用程式案例為研究
The Companionship for the Socially Reserved for Event Attendance Solution: An App-Based Case Study
作者 華樂蒂
Vasylenko, Lada
貢獻者 余佳璋
Yu, Michael
華樂蒂
Vasylenko, Lada
關鍵詞 社交保留型個體
活動參與
認知負荷
使用者體驗
低互動應用程式設計
socially reserved individuals
event attendance
cognitive load
user experience
low- engagement app design
日期 2025
上傳時間 1-Dec-2025 16:48:07 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究探討以低認知負荷為導向的應用程式設計，開發一項科技解決方案，以協助性格內向或社交保留型個體，在參加活動時獲得陪伴。由於此類個體害怕被評價、社交焦慮與認知負荷等社會障礙，難以獨自參與社交活動，而現有平台多需使用者高度互動與投入，往往增加其參與困難。 本研究以符號互動論、社會交換理論與認知負荷理論為理論基礎，採用混合方法研究設計，結合準實驗（100 份有效問卷）與質性訪談（18 名受訪者）。研究測試兩種原型應用程式：原型 A（高認知負荷）與原型 B（低認知負荷）。結果顯示，原型 B 在認知負荷（3.51/5）、可用性（4.34/5）及使用者體驗（4.29/5）等面向皆獲得較高評價。質性結果亦顯示，簡潔性、可預測性及低社交壓力，有助於提升使用者的社交信心與可用性。研究所得建議設平台設計策略，應在開發目標與使用便利性之間取得平衡，重視使用者的情緒舒適性與降低負擔。
This study explores the development of a technological solution to support socially reserved individuals in attending events with companionship, focusing on a low-cognitive-load, app-based approach. Social barriers, such as fear of judgment, social anxiety, and cognitive overload, often discourage individuals from participating in social events independently, while existing platforms require extensive social engagement and effort. Guided by social theories including Symbolic In- teractionism, Social Exchange Theory, and Cognitive Load Theory, this research adopts a mixed- method approach combining a quasi-experiment (100 valid responses) and qualitative interviews (18 participants). Two app prototypes were tested: high cognitive load (Prototype A) and low cog- nitive load (Prototype B). Findings demonstrate that a low-cognitive load interface of Prototype B achieved higher ratings in cognitive load (3.51/5), usability (4.34/5), and user experience (4.29/5). Qualitative findings reinforced that simplicity, predictability, and low social pressure enhance so- cial confidence and usability for socially reserved individuals, suggesting design strategies that balance platform goals and usability with emotional ease.
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PLoS ONE, 18(9), e0291341. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291341 API App Events - Marketing API. (2025, September). https://developers.facebook.com/docs/marketing-api/app-event-api/ Baj-Rogowska, A., & Sikorski, M. (2023). Exploring the usability and user experience of social media apps through a text mining approach. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 15(1), 86–105. https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2023-0007 Ballard, J. (2023, April 8). Americans say extroverts have more advantages than introverts in many social scenarios and jobs. YouGov. https://today.yougov.com/society/articles/45537-extroverts-have-advantages-introverts-poll Battle, N., & White, G. (2024). Intimate Introverts: Influence of introversion on Self-Disclosure and emotional intimacy in close friendships. J Ment Health Soc Behav, 6(1), 188. https://doi.org/10.33790/jmhsb1100188 Baumel, A., Muench, F., Edan, S., & Kane, J. M. (2019). Objective User Engagement With Mental Health Apps: Systematic Search and Panel-Based Usage Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(9), e14567. https://doi.org/10.2196/14567 Best Apps to Make Friends Easily in 2025. (2025, June 25). Recime Blog. https://www.recime.app/blog/best-apps-to-make-friends/ Blaine, N. (2025, January 4). Global Challenges and Their Impact on the Events Industry in 2025. Webnus. https://webnus.net/covid-19-impacts-on-events-industry/ Bumble Revenue and Usage Statistics (2025) - Business of Apps. (2025, September 2). Business of Apps. https://www.businessofapps.com/data/bumble-statistics/ Caetano, K. a. S., Depreeuw, B., Papenfuss, I., Curtiss, J., Langwerden, R. J., Hofmann, S. G., & Neufeld, C. B. (2018). Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy: Efficacy of a New CBT Approach for Treating Social Anxiety Disorder with Comorbid Depression. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 11(3), 325–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-018-0028-7 Card, K. G., & Skakoon-Sparling, S. (2023). Are social support, loneliness, and social connection differentially associated with happiness across levels of introversion-extraversion? Health Psychology Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20551029231184034 Carlo, A. D., Ghomi, R. H., Renn, B. N., & Areán, P. A. (2019). By the numbers: ratings and utilization of behavioral health mobile applications. Npj Digital Medicine, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0129-6 Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1991). Cognitive load Theory and the format of instruction. Cognition and Instruction, 8(4), 293–332. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0804_2 Deauseault, M. (2018). Social Exchange Theory: What is it, and how can it be applied to everyday situations? Thinking Matters Symposium Archive. https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1142&context=thinking_matters DeLamater, J. (2006). Handbook of Social Psychology. Springer Science & Business Media. Dienlin, T. (2025). Effects of COVID-19-related social media use on well-being. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91385-2 Ekholm, F., & Ekholm, F. (2024, August 13). HOW HAS THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) AFFECTED SOCIAL MEDIA? 3 EXAMPLES! Cure Media Influencer Marketing. https://www.curemedia.com/how-has-the-coronavirus-covid-19-affected-social-media-3-examples/ Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(1), 335–362. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.02.080176.002003 Feng, Y. X., Roslan, N. S., Izhar, L. I., Rahman, M. A., Faye, I., & Ho, E. T. W. (2021). Conversational Task Increases Heart Rate Variability of Individuals Susceptible to Perceived Social Isolation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189858 Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059 Fürtjes, S., Gebel, E., Kische, H., & Beesdo-Baum, K. (2024). Characteristic of mental health app usage: a cross-sectional survey in the general population. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20500-1 Gibson, A. F. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID‐19 on mobile dating: Critical avenues for research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 15(11). https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12643 Goffman, E. (2022). The presentation of self in everyday life. Penguin Classics. Hartson, R., & Pyla, P. S. (2012). UX Design Guidelines. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 689–801). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385241-0.00022-1 Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2021). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523 Henwood, A., Rinck, M., & Krpan, D. (2023). Pandemic related changes in social interaction are associated with changes in automatic approach-avoidance behaviour. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31447-5 Hwang, S., Lee, Y., & Jung, K. (2024). A Systematic Literature Review of EEG Utilization Studies in UX/UI Design. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 43(6), 575–587. https://doi.org/10.5143/jesk.2024.43.6.575 Kim, J., Wolfe, R., Subramanian, R. B., Lee, M., Colnago, J., & Hiniker, A. (2025, February 26). Trust-Enabled Privacy: Social Media Designs to Support Adolescent User Boundary Regulation. arXiv.org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19082v4 Kitchen, E., Son, I. S., & Jones, J. J. (2023). Can events impact on social connectedness and loneliness? An analysis of Face-To-Face and virtual events attended in South Australia. Event Managment. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372485508_Can_events_impact_on_social_connectedness_and_loneliness_An_analysis_of_face-to-face_and_virtual_events_attended_in_South_Australia Lang, R. (2024). Social Media Use and Cognitive Load: A study on the impact on interpersonal relationships. Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies, 1(9). https://doi.org/10.61173/436ren44 Leiner, D. J. (2025). SoSCI Survey (Version 3.8.00) [Computer Software]. SoSCI Survey GmbH. https://www.soscisurvey.de. (n.d.). Maher, K., & King, J. (2023). Language anxiety and learner silence in the classroom from a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 43, 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0267190523000077 Marginson, S. (2013). Student Self-Formation in International Education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 18(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315313513036 Meetup Review: Hit or Miss on Making Friends? (2025, January 7). https://www.pilotplans.com/blog/meetup-review Member stats. (n.d.). https://www.postcrossing.com/stats/users MSc, O. G. (2024, January 29). What Does It Mean To Have A Reserved Personality? Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/reserved-personality.html Patel, D., & Alismail, A. (2024). Relationship Between Cognitive Load Theory, Intrinsic Motivation and Emotions in Healthcare Professions Education: A Perspective on the Missing Link. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, Volume 15, 57–62. https://doi.org/10.2147/amep.s441405 Ribeiro, D. M., Melo, F. V., Negromonte, V., Matias, G. W., Farias, A., Azul, C., Chaves, A. P., & Gama, K. (2024). A Comparative Study on Accessibility for Autistic Individuals with Urban Mobility Apps. Association for Computing Machinery, 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/3702038.3702088 Richardson, A. L. (2019, February 28). Congratulations, You’re (Probably) Not an Introvert. Celeste Headlee. https://celesteheadlee.com/congratulations-youre-probably-not-an-introvert/ Ritzer, G. (2007). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology: ST-Z. Sands, R. G. (2014). William I Thomas, The unadjusted girl. Qualitative Social Work, 13(5), 725–728. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325014545563 Settle, Q. (2018). Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and Application. Journal of Applied Communications, 102(3). https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.1223 Shaffer, D., Doube, W., & Tuovinen, J. (2003). Applying Cognitive load Theory to Computer Science Education. PPIG, 12. http://ppig.org/papers/15th-shaffer.pdf Shut Up & Write! | Free Global Writing Community & Events. (n.d.). Shut up & Write! https://www.shutupwrite.com/ Skulmowski, A., & Rey, G. D. (2020). Subjective cognitive load surveys lead to divergent results for interactive learning media. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.184 Song, X., & Yu, Z. (2022). A Qualitative Research on Usage Intention and Platform Swinging Behavior of Anonymous Social Applications “Soul.” Behavioral Sciences, 12(7), 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070230 Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1202_4 Sweller, J., Van Merrienboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. G. W. C. (1998). Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design. Educational Psychology Review, 10(3), 251–296. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022193728205 TimeLeft Post | Feed | LinkedIn: 2 million people have signed up to Timeleft! . (2025, March). https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7307740099566362624/ Tuovinen, S., Tang, X., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2020). Introversion and social engagement: scale validation, their interaction, and positive association with Self-Esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590748 Wallace, R. A., & Wolf, A. (1998). 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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
全球傳播與創新科技碩士學位學程
111zm1040
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZM1040
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 余佳璋zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yu, Michaelen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 華樂蒂zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Vasylenko, Ladaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 華樂蒂zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Vasylenko, Ladaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2025en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Dec-2025 16:48:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Dec-2025 16:48:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Dec-2025 16:48:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111ZM1040en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/160479-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 全球傳播與創新科技碩士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111zm1040zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究探討以低認知負荷為導向的應用程式設計，開發一項科技解決方案，以協助性格內向或社交保留型個體，在參加活動時獲得陪伴。由於此類個體害怕被評價、社交焦慮與認知負荷等社會障礙，難以獨自參與社交活動，而現有平台多需使用者高度互動與投入，往往增加其參與困難。 本研究以符號互動論、社會交換理論與認知負荷理論為理論基礎，採用混合方法研究設計，結合準實驗（100 份有效問卷）與質性訪談（18 名受訪者）。研究測試兩種原型應用程式：原型 A（高認知負荷）與原型 B（低認知負荷）。結果顯示，原型 B 在認知負荷（3.51/5）、可用性（4.34/5）及使用者體驗（4.29/5）等面向皆獲得較高評價。質性結果亦顯示，簡潔性、可預測性及低社交壓力，有助於提升使用者的社交信心與可用性。研究所得建議設平台設計策略，應在開發目標與使用便利性之間取得平衡，重視使用者的情緒舒適性與降低負擔。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study explores the development of a technological solution to support socially reserved individuals in attending events with companionship, focusing on a low-cognitive-load, app-based approach. Social barriers, such as fear of judgment, social anxiety, and cognitive overload, often discourage individuals from participating in social events independently, while existing platforms require extensive social engagement and effort. Guided by social theories including Symbolic In- teractionism, Social Exchange Theory, and Cognitive Load Theory, this research adopts a mixed- method approach combining a quasi-experiment (100 valid responses) and qualitative interviews (18 participants). Two app prototypes were tested: high cognitive load (Prototype A) and low cog- nitive load (Prototype B). Findings demonstrate that a low-cognitive load interface of Prototype B achieved higher ratings in cognitive load (3.51/5), usability (4.34/5), and user experience (4.29/5). Qualitative findings reinforced that simplicity, predictability, and low social pressure enhance so- cial confidence and usability for socially reserved individuals, suggesting design strategies that balance platform goals and usability with emotional ease.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgment 2 Abstract 3 Chapter arrangement 5 List of Figures and Tables 7 Introduction 8 Theoretical background 9 Literature Review 9 Socially Reserved Individuals 9 Symbolic Interactionism 10 Social Exchange Theory (SET) 13 Cognitive Load Theory 15 Post-COVID Influence Social Shift 16 Platform Landscape 18 Current Platform Landscape 18 UX for the current Platform Landscape 23 Research Questions 27 Methodology 28 Participants 28 Procedure 29 Materials 30 Analysis Strategy 31 Results 33 Quantitative Results 33 Qualitative Results 34 Event-attendance habits 35 Barriers and motivators 35 Prototype Impressions 36 Improvement Suggestions 37 Discussion 38 Findings by Question 38 Conclusion 40 Implications 41 Study Limitations 42 Future Research 43 Final Remarks 44 References 45 Appendix 53 Appendix A: Interview Protocol 53 Appendix B: G*Power 56 Appendix C: Prototype A & Prototype B creation process 57 Appendix D: Prototype A & B Visuals 62 Appendix E: Persona Figure 66 Appendix F: Survey Question List 67 Appendix G: Table A1 Platform Analysis, Complete Version 94zh_TW
dc.format.extent 14642344 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZM1040en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社交保留型個體zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 活動參與zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認知負荷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 使用者體驗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 低互動應用程式設計zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) socially reserved individualsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) event attendanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) cognitive loaden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) user experienceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) low- engagement app designen_US
dc.title (題名) 協助社交內向者之活動參與解決方案 : 以應用程式案例為研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Companionship for the Socially Reserved for Event Attendance Solution: An App-Based Case Studyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ahmad, R., Nawaz, M. R., Ishaq, M. I., Khan, M. M., & Ashraf, H. A. (2023). Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921 Al-Mansoori, R. S., Naiseh, M., Al-Thani, D., & Ali, R. (2021). Digital Wellbeing for All: Expanding Inclusivity to Embrace Diversity in Socio-Emotional Status. Electronic Workshops in Computing. https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/hci2021.27 Alomari, N. A., Bedaiwi, S. K., Ghasib, A. M., Kabbarah, A. J., Alnefaie, S. A., Hariri, N., Altammar, M. A., Fadhel, A. M., & Altowairqi, F. M. (2022). Social anxiety Disorder: associated conditions and therapeutic approaches. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32687 Amendola, S., Cerutti, R., & Von Wyl, A. (2023). Estimating the prevalence and characteristics of people in severe social isolation in 29 European countries: A secondary analysis of data from the European Social Survey round 9 (2018–2020). PLoS ONE, 18(9), e0291341. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291341 API App Events - Marketing API. (2025, September). https://developers.facebook.com/docs/marketing-api/app-event-api/ Baj-Rogowska, A., & Sikorski, M. (2023). Exploring the usability and user experience of social media apps through a text mining approach. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 15(1), 86–105. https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2023-0007 Ballard, J. (2023, April 8). Americans say extroverts have more advantages than introverts in many social scenarios and jobs. YouGov. https://today.yougov.com/society/articles/45537-extroverts-have-advantages-introverts-poll Battle, N., & White, G. (2024). Intimate Introverts: Influence of introversion on Self-Disclosure and emotional intimacy in close friendships. J Ment Health Soc Behav, 6(1), 188. https://doi.org/10.33790/jmhsb1100188 Baumel, A., Muench, F., Edan, S., & Kane, J. M. (2019). 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