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題名 臺灣公股銀行經營績效策略之實證分析:利息收入與非利息收入
An Empirical Analysis of Performance Strategies of Government-Controlled Banks in Taiwan: Interest Income and Non-Interest Income
作者 施若芝
Shih, Juo-Chih
貢獻者 林士貴
Lin, Shih-Kuei
施若芝
Shih, Juo-Chih
關鍵詞 公股銀行
收入結構
非利息收入
經營績效
重大總體經濟事件
Government-Controlled Banks
Income Structure
Non-Interest Income
Operating Performance
Major Macroeconomic Events
日期 2026
上傳時間 2-Feb-2026 12:14:58 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究以臺灣八家公股銀行(臺灣銀行、臺灣土地銀行、合作金庫商業銀行、兆豐國際商業銀行、第一商業銀行、華南商業銀行、彰化商業銀行及臺灣中小企業銀行)為研究對象,蒐集2015年至2024年間各銀行之年度第四季(Q4)財務資料,探討利息收入與非利息收入之收入結構對銀行經營績效(資產報酬率ROA 與權益報酬率ROE)之影響,並進一步檢驗COVID-19疫情與全球升息循環等重大總體經濟事件,是否改變收入結構與績效間之關係。實證方法採用雙向固定效果模型,以控制銀行個別不隨時間變動之特質與年度共同衝擊,並透過事件交互作用項與分時期子樣本分析,檢視不同經濟情境下非利息收入對經營績效之影響。研究結果顯示:第一,在全樣本分析下,非利息收入占比與公股銀行之經營績效呈現顯著正向關係,顯示在控制銀行規模、資產品質與經營效率後,收入多元化仍為公股銀行提升獲利能力之重要來源;第二,事件分析結果顯示,於 COVID-19疫情期間,非利息收入對績效之正向效果顯著減弱,反映市場波動與實體經濟衝擊削弱了非利息業務之獲利貢獻;惟隨著進入升息循環期間,非利息收入對績效之正向影響重新顯現,且其效果相較疫情前更為顯著,顯示公股銀行於升息環境下,得以透過多元化收入結構維持整體獲利動能;第三,不同公股銀行之經營策略存在顯著差異,非利息收入發展策略亦須隨經濟環境變化進行動態調整,於兼顧差異化經營與政策性任務之下,進一步強化經營效率與成本控管,以提升整體經營績效。整體而言,本研究指出非利息收入對公股銀行經營績效具有明顯之情境依賴性,其影響效果隨總體經濟環境變化而有所差異。研究結果不僅補充公股銀行收入結構與經營績效關係之實證證據,亦對公股銀行於不同總體經濟環境下之經營策略調整,具有重要之實務與政策意涵。
This study examines eight government-controlled banks in Taiwan—Bank of Taiwan, Land Bank of Taiwan, Taiwan Cooperative Bank, Mega International Commercial Bank, First Commercial Bank, Hua Nan Commercial Bank, Chang Hwa Commercial Bank, and Taiwan Business Bank—using annual fourth-quarter(Q4)financial data from 2015 to 2024 to investigate how the income structure between interest income and non-interest income affects banks’ operating performance, measured by return on assets(ROA)and return on equity(ROE), and whether major macroeconomic events, namely the COVID-19 pandemic and the global interest rate hiking cycle, alter this relationship. The empirical analysis employs a two-way fixed effects model with event interaction terms and period-specific subsample analyses to control for bank-specific heterogeneity and common time shocks. The results show that, in the full-sample analysis, the share of non-interest income is significantly and positively associated with bank performance after controlling for bank size, asset quality, and operating efficiency. During the COVID-19 period, this positive effect is significantly weakened, whereas during the interest rate hiking cycle, the positive impact re-emerges and becomes stronger than in the pre-pandemic period. Overall, the findings suggest that the effect of non-interest income is highly context-dependent and varies across banks, indicating that government-controlled banks should dynamically adjust their income strategies in response to macroeconomic conditions while balancing policy mandates with efficiency improvement and prudent cost control to enhance overall performance.
參考文獻 一、中文文獻 呂明靜(2009),「本國銀行業多角化經營對獲利與風險之影響」,國立政治大學行政管理碩士論文。 沈中華(2002a),「金控公司的銀行與獨立銀行CAMEL比較:1997–1998」,《台灣金融財務季刊》,第3輯第2期,頁73–82。 沈中華、呂青樺(2006),「影響大陸地區銀行獲利能力與風險的因素」,《中國大陸研究》,第49卷第3期,頁119–142。 周品盈(2024),「台灣銀行業推展數位金融與經營績效之關聯性」,國立政治大學行政管理碩士論文。 張雅雯(2011),「多角化經營、銀行績效與破產風險-台灣銀行業之實證研究」,國立政治大學金融學系碩士論文。 彭正浩(1999),「台灣銀行業多角化與其績效之研究」,國立台灣大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。 黃時舟(2014),「非利息收入對台灣銀行經營績效之影響」,國立高雄大學國際高階經營管理碩士在職專班論文。 劉秀玲、鄭鴻章(2010),「金控公司架構與非利息收入業務對台灣銀行業經營效益與風險之影響」,《台灣金融財務季刊》,第11輯第3期,頁1–28。 劉瑞芬(2016),「商業銀行非利息收入對經營績效之影響-以本國銀行為例」,華人前瞻研究,12(1),17–36。 陳建宏、陳品儒(2017),「台灣銀行業多角化與獲利能力之研究」,財金論文叢刊第二十七期,60–77。 陳毓晟(2019),「銀行手續費收入對經營績效之研究-以本國公股民營化銀行為例」,國立中興大學應用經濟學系碩士論文。 陳威甫、李靜芠、黃心怡(2019),「銀行業務多角化之經營績效探討-台灣實證」,商管科技季刊,第二十卷,第一期,1–24。 二、英文文獻 Allen et al.(2011), "Credit Market Competition and Capital Regulation," The Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 983–1018. Antao, Sherika, and Ajit Karnik.(2022), “Bank Performance and Noninterest Income: Evidence from Countries in the Asian Region.” Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, 29: 477–505. Borio et al.,(2023), “The Impact of Interest Rates on Bank Profitability, ”RBA Research Discussion Paper, RDP 2023-05. Borri and Di Giorgio(2022), "Systemic risk and the COVID challenge in the european banking sector," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, Vol. 140(C). DeYoung, R. and K. P. Roland(2001),“Product Mix and Earning Volatility at Commercial Banks: Evidence from a Degree of Total Leverage Model,” Journal of Financial Intermediation, Vol.10, pp.54–84. DeYoung, R. and Tara N. Rice(2004), “How do banks make money? The fallacies of fee income,” Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 28(Q IV), pages 34-51. Goddard, J., Liu, H., Molyneux, P., Wilson, J.O.,(2013), " Do Bank Profits Converge? " European Financial Management, 19: 345-365. Hayden, E., D. Porath and N. V. Westernhagen(2007), “Does Diversification Improve the Performance of German Banks? Evidence from Individual Bank Loan Portfolios,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 32(3), pp.123–140. Kalton, G., D. Kasprzyk, D. McMillen(1989), “Nonsampling Errors in Panel Surveys,” in D. Kasprzyk, G.J. Duncan, G. Kalton and M. P. Singh, eds., John Wiley Co., New York, pp.249–270. Klein, P. G. and Saidenberg, M. R.(2000), "Diversification, Organization and Efficiency: Evidence from Bank Holding Companies, Working Papers, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions," University of Pennsylvania. La Porta et al.,(2002),"Government Ownership of Banks," The Journal of Finance, Vol. 57, No.1, pp. 265-301. Laeven, L. and Levine, R.(2007), “Is There a Diversification Discount in Financial Conglomerates?” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol.85, No.2, pp.331–367. Lepetit, L., Nys, E., Rous, P. and Tarazi, A.(2008), “Bank Income Structure and Risk: An Empirical Analysis of European Banks,” Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol.32, No.8, pp.1452–1467. Mercieca et al.,(2007), “Small European banks: Benefits from diversification? ” Journal of Banking & Finance, 2007, vol. 31, issue 7, 1975-1998. Saunders & Cornett(2019), “Financial Markets and Institutions.” 7th edn. Mcgraw Hill 2019 Press, 762 p. Stiroh , K. J.,(2004), “Diversification in Banking: Is Non-Interest Income an Answer?, ” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 36(5), pp.853–882. Stiroh , K. J.,(2004), “Do Community Banks Benefit from Diversification?” Journal of Finance Services Research, Vol.25, No.2–3, pp.135–160. Stiroh , K. J., and Rumble, A.(2006), “The Dark Side of Diversification: The Case of US Financial Holding Companies,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 30(8), pp.2131–2161.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際金融碩士學位學程
113ZB1031
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0113ZB1031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林士貴zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Shih-Kueien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 施若芝zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Shih, Juo-Chihen_US
dc.creator (作者) 施若芝zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Shih, Juo-Chihen_US
dc.date (日期) 2026en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Feb-2026 12:14:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Feb-2026 12:14:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Feb-2026 12:14:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0113ZB1031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/161375-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際金融碩士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 113ZB1031zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以臺灣八家公股銀行(臺灣銀行、臺灣土地銀行、合作金庫商業銀行、兆豐國際商業銀行、第一商業銀行、華南商業銀行、彰化商業銀行及臺灣中小企業銀行)為研究對象,蒐集2015年至2024年間各銀行之年度第四季(Q4)財務資料,探討利息收入與非利息收入之收入結構對銀行經營績效(資產報酬率ROA 與權益報酬率ROE)之影響,並進一步檢驗COVID-19疫情與全球升息循環等重大總體經濟事件,是否改變收入結構與績效間之關係。實證方法採用雙向固定效果模型,以控制銀行個別不隨時間變動之特質與年度共同衝擊,並透過事件交互作用項與分時期子樣本分析,檢視不同經濟情境下非利息收入對經營績效之影響。研究結果顯示:第一,在全樣本分析下,非利息收入占比與公股銀行之經營績效呈現顯著正向關係,顯示在控制銀行規模、資產品質與經營效率後,收入多元化仍為公股銀行提升獲利能力之重要來源;第二,事件分析結果顯示,於 COVID-19疫情期間,非利息收入對績效之正向效果顯著減弱,反映市場波動與實體經濟衝擊削弱了非利息業務之獲利貢獻;惟隨著進入升息循環期間,非利息收入對績效之正向影響重新顯現,且其效果相較疫情前更為顯著,顯示公股銀行於升息環境下,得以透過多元化收入結構維持整體獲利動能;第三,不同公股銀行之經營策略存在顯著差異,非利息收入發展策略亦須隨經濟環境變化進行動態調整,於兼顧差異化經營與政策性任務之下,進一步強化經營效率與成本控管,以提升整體經營績效。整體而言,本研究指出非利息收入對公股銀行經營績效具有明顯之情境依賴性,其影響效果隨總體經濟環境變化而有所差異。研究結果不僅補充公股銀行收入結構與經營績效關係之實證證據,亦對公股銀行於不同總體經濟環境下之經營策略調整,具有重要之實務與政策意涵。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines eight government-controlled banks in Taiwan—Bank of Taiwan, Land Bank of Taiwan, Taiwan Cooperative Bank, Mega International Commercial Bank, First Commercial Bank, Hua Nan Commercial Bank, Chang Hwa Commercial Bank, and Taiwan Business Bank—using annual fourth-quarter(Q4)financial data from 2015 to 2024 to investigate how the income structure between interest income and non-interest income affects banks’ operating performance, measured by return on assets(ROA)and return on equity(ROE), and whether major macroeconomic events, namely the COVID-19 pandemic and the global interest rate hiking cycle, alter this relationship. The empirical analysis employs a two-way fixed effects model with event interaction terms and period-specific subsample analyses to control for bank-specific heterogeneity and common time shocks. The results show that, in the full-sample analysis, the share of non-interest income is significantly and positively associated with bank performance after controlling for bank size, asset quality, and operating efficiency. During the COVID-19 period, this positive effect is significantly weakened, whereas during the interest rate hiking cycle, the positive impact re-emerges and becomes stronger than in the pre-pandemic period. Overall, the findings suggest that the effect of non-interest income is highly context-dependent and varies across banks, indicating that government-controlled banks should dynamically adjust their income strategies in response to macroeconomic conditions while balancing policy mandates with efficiency improvement and prudent cost control to enhance overall performance.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 誌謝 II 摘要 III Abstract IV 目次 V 表次 VII 圖次 VIII 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機與目的 2 第三節 研究範圍與研究架構 4 第二章 文獻回顧 7 第一節 銀行利息收入與非利息收入 7 第二節 銀行經營績效之衡量與影響因素 9 第三節 重大事件對銀行業之衝擊:疫情與升息 11 第三章 研究方法 12 第一節 研究對象與資料來源 12 第二節 變數操作性定義 13 第三節 實證模型建構 16 第四章 實證結果與分析 19 第一節 敘述性統計分析 19 第二節 相關係數分析 22 第三節 全樣本迴歸分析結果 24 第四節 子樣本時期及事件衝擊之結構性分析 27 第五節 銀行經營策略之異質性說明 30 第五章 結論與建議 35 第一節 研究結論 35 第二節 研究建議 37 第三節 研究限制與未來研究方向 38 參考文獻 41 附錄 44zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1045167 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0113ZB1031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公股銀行zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 收入結構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非利息收入zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經營績效zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 重大總體經濟事件zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Government-Controlled Banksen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Income Structureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Non-Interest Incomeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Operating Performanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Major Macroeconomic Eventsen_US
dc.title (題名) 臺灣公股銀行經營績效策略之實證分析:利息收入與非利息收入zh_TW
dc.title (題名) An Empirical Analysis of Performance Strategies of Government-Controlled Banks in Taiwan: Interest Income and Non-Interest Incomeen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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