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題名 哈薩克斯坦多方外交之研究
A Study on Kazakhstan’s Multivector Foreign Policy
作者 陳品蓁
Chen, Pin-Zhen
貢獻者 趙竹成
Zhao, Zhu-Cheng
陳品蓁
Chen, Pin-Zhen
關鍵詞 哈薩克斯坦
多方外交
新古典現實主義
小國外交
Kazakhstan
Multi-Vector Foreign Policy
Neoclassical Realism
Small State Foreign Policy
日期 2026
上傳時間 2-Feb-2026 14:05:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來，全球局勢出現劇烈變化，位於重要地緣位置的哈薩克斯坦藉由多方外交的戰略，成功在大國之間保有自身的外交自主性。夾在中俄之間的地理位置，再加上極具戰略意義的要衝地區，哈薩克斯坦自獨立起就面對著各方勢力對自身的野心。 然而，哈薩克斯坦並沒有特別偏向歷史上的夥伴俄國，也沒有選擇冷戰結束後的超級大國美國，更沒有與迅速發展的中國完全靠攏。哈薩克斯坦採取多方外交與平衡戰略，平均分散各國對自身的影響力，與每一個國家發展互利互惠的互動關係，試圖將國家利益最大化，同時保有外交路線的獨立性。因此，除了與中美俄大國皆保持良好關係，哈薩克斯坦也參與多項多邊機制，試圖透過多邊的參與來間接制衡不同大國之間的影響力，同時擴大合作範疇。 多方外交是基於地理位置現實而出現的策略，但是在實施與操作上並不只有與外交層面有關，還需考慮國內政治因素的影響。哈薩克斯坦的政治雖然有著民主國家的雛形，但實際上卻是總統握有極大權力的威權國家，國內的權力架構是由非正式的菁英網絡所組成，這些地方氏族或是政治菁英又有自己偏好往來的外部行為者，於是形成了總統作為權力網絡的核心人物，對內平衡派系，對外平衡大國影響力，這種高度依賴個人協調能力與政治能力的模式。
In recent years, the global situation has undergone dramatic changes. Kazakhstan, situated in a crucial geopolitical location, has maintained its diplomatic autonomy among major powers through a multivector diplomatic strategy. Since independence, its strategic location has exposed it to the ambitions of various external actors. However, Kazakhstan has neither clearly favored its historical partner Russia, nor aligned itself fully with the post–Cold War superpower United States or the rapidly rising China. Instead, it adopts a multivector and balancing strategy, dispersing external influence while developing mutually beneficial relations with all major powers, in order to maximize national interests and preserve diplomatic independence. In addition to bilateral relations, Kazakhstan also participates in various multilateral mechanisms to indirectly balance great-power influence and expand cooperation. Multivector diplomacy is rooted in geographical realities, but its implementation is not limited to foreign policy considerations alone. Domestic political factors also play a crucial role. Although Kazakhstan exhibits some formal characteristics of a democratic state, it remains an authoritarian system in which the president holds extensive power. The domestic political structure is shaped by informal elite networks, in which local clans and political elites maintain different external preferences. As a result, the president functions as the central coordinator, balancing internal factions while managing relations with major powers externally.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
111263001
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111263001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 趙竹成zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Zhao, Zhu-Chengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳品蓁zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Pin-Zhenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳品蓁zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Pin-Zhenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2026en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Feb-2026 14:05:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Feb-2026 14:05:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Feb-2026 14:05:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111263001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/161495-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111263001zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來，全球局勢出現劇烈變化，位於重要地緣位置的哈薩克斯坦藉由多方外交的戰略，成功在大國之間保有自身的外交自主性。夾在中俄之間的地理位置，再加上極具戰略意義的要衝地區，哈薩克斯坦自獨立起就面對著各方勢力對自身的野心。 然而，哈薩克斯坦並沒有特別偏向歷史上的夥伴俄國，也沒有選擇冷戰結束後的超級大國美國，更沒有與迅速發展的中國完全靠攏。哈薩克斯坦採取多方外交與平衡戰略，平均分散各國對自身的影響力，與每一個國家發展互利互惠的互動關係，試圖將國家利益最大化，同時保有外交路線的獨立性。因此，除了與中美俄大國皆保持良好關係，哈薩克斯坦也參與多項多邊機制，試圖透過多邊的參與來間接制衡不同大國之間的影響力，同時擴大合作範疇。 多方外交是基於地理位置現實而出現的策略，但是在實施與操作上並不只有與外交層面有關，還需考慮國內政治因素的影響。哈薩克斯坦的政治雖然有著民主國家的雛形，但實際上卻是總統握有極大權力的威權國家，國內的權力架構是由非正式的菁英網絡所組成，這些地方氏族或是政治菁英又有自己偏好往來的外部行為者，於是形成了總統作為權力網絡的核心人物，對內平衡派系，對外平衡大國影響力，這種高度依賴個人協調能力與政治能力的模式。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent years, the global situation has undergone dramatic changes. Kazakhstan, situated in a crucial geopolitical location, has maintained its diplomatic autonomy among major powers through a multivector diplomatic strategy. Since independence, its strategic location has exposed it to the ambitions of various external actors. However, Kazakhstan has neither clearly favored its historical partner Russia, nor aligned itself fully with the post–Cold War superpower United States or the rapidly rising China. Instead, it adopts a multivector and balancing strategy, dispersing external influence while developing mutually beneficial relations with all major powers, in order to maximize national interests and preserve diplomatic independence. In addition to bilateral relations, Kazakhstan also participates in various multilateral mechanisms to indirectly balance great-power influence and expand cooperation. Multivector diplomacy is rooted in geographical realities, but its implementation is not limited to foreign policy considerations alone. Domestic political factors also play a crucial role. Although Kazakhstan exhibits some formal characteristics of a democratic state, it remains an authoritarian system in which the president holds extensive power. The domestic political structure is shaped by informal elite networks, in which local clans and political elites maintain different external preferences. As a result, the president functions as the central coordinator, balancing internal factions while managing relations with major powers externally.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景、動機與目的 1 第二節 文獻回顧 8 第三節 研究途徑與研究方法 15 第四節 章節安排 20 第五節 研究範圍與限制 20 第二章 哈薩克斯坦的外交政策發展 23 第一節 歷史背景與地緣位置 23 第二節 納扎爾巴耶夫時期 30 第三節 托卡耶夫時期 48 第三章 國際層面的影響 55 第一節 多方外交的大國關係 55 第二節 大國影響力的延伸 93 第三節 國際與區域組織 132 第四章 內部政治的影響 141 第一節 權力結構與決策體系 141 第二節 社會政治菁英與政黨體系 154 第三節 國家能力與外交資源 172 第五章 結論 183 參考資料 187zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3483368 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111263001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 哈薩克斯坦zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多方外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新古典現實主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 小國外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Kazakhstanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multi-Vector Foreign Policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Neoclassical Realismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Small State Foreign Policyen_US
dc.title (題名) 哈薩克斯坦多方外交之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on Kazakhstan’s Multivector Foreign Policyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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