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題名 未立《難民法》國家的難民政策之研究：臺灣與泰國、馬來西亞、印度三國的比較
Asylum Governance in the Absence of Refugee Law: A Comparative Study of Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, and India作者 丁倍雲
Ding, Bei-Yun貢獻者 薛健吾
Hsueh, Chien-Wu
丁倍雲
Ding, Bei-Yun關鍵詞 難民治理
難民政策
國家關係
UNHCR
庇護治理
Refugee Governance
Refugee Policy
Inter-state Relations
UNHCR
Asylum Governance日期 2026 上傳時間 2-Feb-2026 14:43:44 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文以泰國、馬來西亞、印度與臺灣四個未加入1951年《關於難民地位的公約》之亞洲國家為研究對象，旨在探討在未制定《難民法》的制度真空下，各國如何形塑其庇護治理機制。本文採用比較政治與比較政策研究法，結合法律文本、政策文件與既有文獻分析，重建四國難民政策的制度脈絡。依據過去的研究與實務觀察，本研究主張「地主國與難民來源國之間的國家關係」是影響未立難民法的地主國如何處理難民的最重要因素。研究發現，正因為缺乏法律的約束，行政機關的裁量權使得庇護決策回歸到外交與安全邏輯。具體而言，泰國因與緬甸處於邊境衝突與安全緩衝關係，發展出由國家主導、聯合國難民署（UNHCR）補充的「安全化隔離模式」；馬來西亞基於與羅興亞人的宗教認同與勞動互利關係，採取不承認身分但默許存在的「外部化外包模式」；印度則依據與鄰國的外交戰略關係，對藏人與羅興亞人實施極端的「差別化庇護」；而臺灣則受制於兩岸特殊的憲政與政治對峙關係，以國籍別與政治歷史為核心，形成行政裁量高度集中的「個案式身分別治理」。綜上所述，亞洲非公約國的「無法制」狀態並非單純的制度缺失，而是一種保留主權彈性的政治策略，展現了「主權優位而人道補位」的共同區域特徵，此一發現亦為臺灣未來在考量兩岸特殊關係下的制度設計提供具實證基礎之參照。
This thesis examines the asylum governance mechanisms of Thailand, Malaysia, India, and Taiwan—four Asian states that operate outside the framework of the 1951 Refugee Convention and lack specific refugee laws. Adopting a comparative policy approach, the study argues that in the absence of rigid legal constraints, the "bilateral political relations between the host state and the country of origin" become the decisive factor shaping how refugees are handled. Research findings indicate that the lack of a legal framework allows executive discretion to prevail, causing asylum decisions to revert to diplomatic and security logic rather than legal obligations. Consequently, four distinct governance models have emerged: Thailand’s security-driven “Securitized Encampment Model”; Malaysia’s “Externalized Outsourcing Model,” based on religious and labor ties; India’s strategic “Differentiated Asylum”; and Taiwan’s “Case-by-Case Stratified Governance,” which is heavily constrained by Cross-Strait politics. 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New York: Oxford University Press. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國家安全與大陸研究碩士在職專班
111981003資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111981003 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 薛健吾 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Hsueh, Chien-Wu en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 丁倍雲 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Ding, Bei-Yun en_US dc.creator (作者) 丁倍雲 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Ding, Bei-Yun en_US dc.date (日期) 2026 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Feb-2026 14:43:44 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Feb-2026 14:43:44 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Feb-2026 14:43:44 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111981003 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/161531 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國家安全與大陸研究碩士在職專班 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111981003 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文以泰國、馬來西亞、印度與臺灣四個未加入1951年《關於難民地位的公約》之亞洲國家為研究對象，旨在探討在未制定《難民法》的制度真空下，各國如何形塑其庇護治理機制。本文採用比較政治與比較政策研究法，結合法律文本、政策文件與既有文獻分析，重建四國難民政策的制度脈絡。依據過去的研究與實務觀察，本研究主張「地主國與難民來源國之間的國家關係」是影響未立難民法的地主國如何處理難民的最重要因素。研究發現，正因為缺乏法律的約束，行政機關的裁量權使得庇護決策回歸到外交與安全邏輯。具體而言，泰國因與緬甸處於邊境衝突與安全緩衝關係，發展出由國家主導、聯合國難民署（UNHCR）補充的「安全化隔離模式」；馬來西亞基於與羅興亞人的宗教認同與勞動互利關係，採取不承認身分但默許存在的「外部化外包模式」；印度則依據與鄰國的外交戰略關係，對藏人與羅興亞人實施極端的「差別化庇護」；而臺灣則受制於兩岸特殊的憲政與政治對峙關係，以國籍別與政治歷史為核心，形成行政裁量高度集中的「個案式身分別治理」。綜上所述，亞洲非公約國的「無法制」狀態並非單純的制度缺失，而是一種保留主權彈性的政治策略，展現了「主權優位而人道補位」的共同區域特徵，此一發現亦為臺灣未來在考量兩岸特殊關係下的制度設計提供具實證基礎之參照。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis examines the asylum governance mechanisms of Thailand, Malaysia, India, and Taiwan—four Asian states that operate outside the framework of the 1951 Refugee Convention and lack specific refugee laws. Adopting a comparative policy approach, the study argues that in the absence of rigid legal constraints, the "bilateral political relations between the host state and the country of origin" become the decisive factor shaping how refugees are handled. Research findings indicate that the lack of a legal framework allows executive discretion to prevail, causing asylum decisions to revert to diplomatic and security logic rather than legal obligations. Consequently, four distinct governance models have emerged: Thailand’s security-driven “Securitized Encampment Model”; Malaysia’s “Externalized Outsourcing Model,” based on religious and labor ties; India’s strategic “Differentiated Asylum”; and Taiwan’s “Case-by-Case Stratified Governance,” which is heavily constrained by Cross-Strait politics. Ultimately, the thesis concludes that the absence of refugee laws in these countries is a deliberate political strategy to maintain sovereign flexibility, reflecting a regional characteristic of “Sovereignty First, Humanitarianism as Supplement.” This finding offers a critical, empirically grounded reference for Taiwan’s future institutional design within its complex geopolitical context. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒 論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 2 第二節 研究範圍與案例選擇 4 第三節 研究假設、研究方法與研究限制 10 第四節 章節安排 15 第二章 文獻回顧 19 第一節 難民的各種定義、難民政策和國際公約 19 第二節 難民的形成：政治衝突理論與國際體系理論 32 第三節 具《難民法》國家的難民政策 35 第四節 未立難民法制國家的難民政策 40 第五節 小結 46 第三章 泰國、馬來西亞、印度難民政策 49 第一節 泰國的難民政策 49 第二節 馬來西亞的難民政策 61 第三節 印度的難民政策 74 第四節 比較三國政策的異同 91 第四章 臺灣的難民政策 97 第一節 臺灣難民接收的歷年狀況 97 第二節 臺灣難民政策的演變 102 第三節 臺灣難民接收情形與三國的異同 119 第四節 臺灣難民政策與三國的異同 122 第五節 小結 124 第五章 結論 126 第一節 研究發現 126 第二節 政策建議 127 第三節 未來研究建議 128 參考文獻 130 附 錄 152 zh_TW dc.format.extent 5580519 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111981003 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 難民治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 難民政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家關係 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) UNHCR zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 庇護治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Refugee Governance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Refugee Policy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Inter-state Relations en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) UNHCR en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Asylum Governance en_US dc.title (題名) 未立《難民法》國家的難民政策之研究：臺灣與泰國、馬來西亞、印度三國的比較 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Asylum Governance in the Absence of Refugee Law: A Comparative Study of Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, and India en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻 Amnesty International Taiwan，2023，〈全球仍有 60 多國將同性性行為入罪，LGBTI 權利面臨嚴峻挑戰〉，https://www.amnesty.tw/node/18397，查閱時間：2025/06/10。 CEDAW資訊網，2014，〈第五十九屆會議（2014）第32號一般性建議：關於婦女的難民地位、庇護、國籍和無國籍狀態與性別相關方面〉，https://www.cedaw.org.tw/tw/en-global/news/detail/219，查閱時間：2025/07/17。 Domínguez, Gabriel，2014，〈日本和韓國的嚴苛難民政策〉，德國之聲 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