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題名 道教之界定：文化交融與處境的觀點
Defining Daoism: Cultural Integration and Situated Perspectives作者 謝世維
Hsieh, Shu-wei貢獻者 宗教所 關鍵詞 道教; 邊界; 法術; 扶乩; 宗教化
Daoism; Boundary; Thaumaturgy; Spirit writing; Religionization日期 2023-09 上傳時間 12-Mar-2026 15:07:17 (UTC+8) 摘要 學術界對於如何界定「道教」存在著爭議，許多學者採用核心本質的方式去定義道教，但是這種方式常常無法適用在不同時期的道教實況；部分學者被迫採用多元式界定，試圖放寬道教界定的條件，但對於如何設立多元標準，莫衷一是，同時單一界定觀點很容易導出道教走向沒落，與民間宗教雜揉、世俗化等歷史敘事。界定道教邊界成為一種學術難題。本文主張從歷史情境中去界定道教，採取辯證性範疇的觀點，來審視道教與歷史上的文化運動之交流與融會。本文指出當文化象徵系統轉變之時，道教在歷史情境當中自然融入時代氛圍，與當時文化運動複合與相融，這是文化發展的自然結果，並無所謂正統與雜揉的價值判斷，新的模式會在承襲與整合中展現，進而成為時代脈絡下的「道教」。本文舉出歷史上不同階段的文化運動對道教產生文化融合、邊界重整的現象，文中特別標舉歷史上不同時期的「法術運動」、「扶乩運動」、「宗教化運動」來說明道教三次重要轉變，這三次運動系因新興文化運動或思潮的興起，使道教象徵系統轉變，導致道教邊界產生重大挪移，在經過重整後道教的板塊會在歷史情境當中重新浮現。以本文所舉的案例可以看出，道教在發展過程當中，與各種宗教運動遭遇、融合不同實踐正是道教發展的動力，是歷史發展過程中宗教文化交流的基礎特質。
There is controversy in the academe on how to define "Daoism". Many scholars use a core essence approach to define Daoism, but this approach is often unable to apply to the actual situation of Daoism in different periods. Some scholars are forced to use pluralistic definitions in an attempt to relax the definition of Daoism, but there is no agreement on how to set up multiple standards. At the same time, a single definition point of view can easily lead to historical narratives such as the decline of Daoism, its fusion with folk religions, and secularization. Defining the boundaries of Daoism has become an academic problem. This article advocates defining Daoism from the historical context and adopting a dialectical category perspective to examine the exchange and integration of Daoism and historical cultural movements. This article points out that when the cultural symbol system changes, Daoism naturally integrates into the atmosphere of the times in the historical situation, compounding and integrating with the cultural movements at that time. This is the natural result of cultural development, without any value judgment between so-called "orthodox" or "syncretism". New modes will be developed through inheritance and integration, and then become "Daoism" in the context of the times. This article cites the phenomenon of cultural integration and boundary reorganization of Daoism caused by cultural movements at different stages in history. The article specifically highlights the "Thaumaturgic Movement", "Spirit Writing Movement" and "Religionization Movement" at different periods in history to illustrate the three important transformations of Daoism. These three movements were due to the rise of emerging cultural movements or ideological trends, which transformed the Daoist symbolic system, resulting in a major shift in the boundaries of Daoism. After reorganization, the "Daoism" will reappear in the historical situation. From the cases cited in this article, it can be seen that in the development process of Daoism, encountering various religious movements and integrating different practices are the driving force for the development of Daoism and are the basic characteristics of religious and cultural exchanges in the process of historical development.關聯 輔仁宗教研究, 24:1=47, 1-29 資料類型 article dc.contributor 宗教所 dc.creator (作者) 謝世維 dc.creator (作者) Hsieh, Shu-wei dc.date (日期) 2023-09 dc.date.accessioned 12-Mar-2026 15:07:17 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 12-Mar-2026 15:07:17 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 12-Mar-2026 15:07:17 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=181612 - dc.description.abstract (摘要) 學術界對於如何界定「道教」存在著爭議，許多學者採用核心本質的方式去定義道教，但是這種方式常常無法適用在不同時期的道教實況；部分學者被迫採用多元式界定，試圖放寬道教界定的條件，但對於如何設立多元標準，莫衷一是，同時單一界定觀點很容易導出道教走向沒落，與民間宗教雜揉、世俗化等歷史敘事。界定道教邊界成為一種學術難題。本文主張從歷史情境中去界定道教，採取辯證性範疇的觀點，來審視道教與歷史上的文化運動之交流與融會。本文指出當文化象徵系統轉變之時，道教在歷史情境當中自然融入時代氛圍，與當時文化運動複合與相融，這是文化發展的自然結果，並無所謂正統與雜揉的價值判斷，新的模式會在承襲與整合中展現，進而成為時代脈絡下的「道教」。本文舉出歷史上不同階段的文化運動對道教產生文化融合、邊界重整的現象，文中特別標舉歷史上不同時期的「法術運動」、「扶乩運動」、「宗教化運動」來說明道教三次重要轉變，這三次運動系因新興文化運動或思潮的興起，使道教象徵系統轉變，導致道教邊界產生重大挪移，在經過重整後道教的板塊會在歷史情境當中重新浮現。以本文所舉的案例可以看出，道教在發展過程當中，與各種宗教運動遭遇、融合不同實踐正是道教發展的動力，是歷史發展過程中宗教文化交流的基礎特質。 dc.description.abstract (摘要) There is controversy in the academe on how to define "Daoism". Many scholars use a core essence approach to define Daoism, but this approach is often unable to apply to the actual situation of Daoism in different periods. Some scholars are forced to use pluralistic definitions in an attempt to relax the definition of Daoism, but there is no agreement on how to set up multiple standards. At the same time, a single definition point of view can easily lead to historical narratives such as the decline of Daoism, its fusion with folk religions, and secularization. Defining the boundaries of Daoism has become an academic problem. This article advocates defining Daoism from the historical context and adopting a dialectical category perspective to examine the exchange and integration of Daoism and historical cultural movements. This article points out that when the cultural symbol system changes, Daoism naturally integrates into the atmosphere of the times in the historical situation, compounding and integrating with the cultural movements at that time. This is the natural result of cultural development, without any value judgment between so-called "orthodox" or "syncretism". New modes will be developed through inheritance and integration, and then become "Daoism" in the context of the times. This article cites the phenomenon of cultural integration and boundary reorganization of Daoism caused by cultural movements at different stages in history. The article specifically highlights the "Thaumaturgic Movement", "Spirit Writing Movement" and "Religionization Movement" at different periods in history to illustrate the three important transformations of Daoism. These three movements were due to the rise of emerging cultural movements or ideological trends, which transformed the Daoist symbolic system, resulting in a major shift in the boundaries of Daoism. After reorganization, the "Daoism" will reappear in the historical situation. From the cases cited in this article, it can be seen that in the development process of Daoism, encountering various religious movements and integrating different practices are the driving force for the development of Daoism and are the basic characteristics of religious and cultural exchanges in the process of historical development. dc.format.extent 136 bytes - dc.format.mimetype text/html - dc.relation (關聯) 輔仁宗教研究, 24:1=47, 1-29 dc.subject (關鍵詞) 道教; 邊界; 法術; 扶乩; 宗教化 dc.subject (關鍵詞) Daoism; Boundary; Thaumaturgy; Spirit writing; Religionization dc.title (題名) 道教之界定：文化交融與處境的觀點 dc.title (題名) Defining Daoism: Cultural Integration and Situated Perspectives dc.type (資料類型) article
